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Glial response in the midcingulate cortex in huntington’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 207-208页

作者： Thulani h.Palpagama Andrea Kwakowsky Center for Brain Research and department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CenterUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

huntington’s disease(hd)is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the striatum and *** can present with a variety of symptoms that can broadly be classified into motor symptoms,inclusive of choreatic movements and rigidity,mood and psychiatric symptoms,such as depression and apathy,and cognitive symptoms,such as cognitive *** causal mutation underlying hd results from an expansion of a CAG repeat sequence on the IT15 gene,resulting in the formation and accumulation of a mutant huntingtin protein.

关键词： huntington degeneration cortex

does mesenchymal stem cell’s secretome affect spinal sensory circuits?Implication for pain therapies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 181-183页

作者： Francesco Ferrini Esri h.Juárez Adalberto Merighi department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinGrugliascoTOItaly department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience UniversitéLavalQuébec CityQCCanada

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multipotent adult stem cells of mesodermal origin that can be isolated from various tissues,including bone marrow,tooth pulp,adipose tissue,and umbilical *** have gained significant attention in regenerative medicine due to their ability to modulate the immune system and favor tissue *** enrich the medium in which they are cultivated with a broad range of bioactive molecules,including growth factors,cytokines,chemokines,enzymes,nucleic acids,and extracellular vesicles that collectively compose the MSC *** increasing number of pre-clinical studies suggest that delivering in vivo an MSC-conditioned medium(i.e.,the medium collected from MSC cultures after at least 3 days of exposure)exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of neurological conditions.

关键词： protective clinical collective

A micromechanical model based on hypersingular integro-differential equations for analyzing micro-crazed interfaces between dissimilar elastic materials

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第2期41卷 193-206页

作者： X.Wang W.T.ang h.FAN School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore

The current work models a weak(soft) interface between two elastic materials as containing a periodic array of micro-crazes. The boundary conditions on the interfacial micro-crazes are formulated in terms of a system of hypersingular integro-differential equations with unknown functions given by the displacement jumps across opposite faces of the micro-crazes. Once the displacement jumps are obtained by approximately solving the integro-differential equations, the effective stiffness of the micro-crazed interface can be readily computed. The effective stiffness is an important quantity needed for expressing the interfacial conditions in the spring-like macro-model of soft interfaces. Specific case studies are conducted to gain physical insights into how the effective stiffness of the interface may be influenced by the details of the interfacial micro-crazes.

关键词： micromechanical modeling micro-crazed interface effective stiffness coefficient hypersingular integro-differential equation

The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis h.Pagan Rivera Jorge d.Miranda department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

Refining constitutive relation by integration of finite element simulations and Gleeble experiments

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第6期35卷 1039-1043页

作者： d.J. Yu d.S. Xu h. W ang Z.B. Zhao G.Z. Wei R. Yang College of Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

Thermo-mechanical coupled finite element calculations were carried out to simulate the Gleeble compression of the samples of a titanium alloy(Ti60), and the results are analyzed and compared with the actual compression tests conducted on a Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. The changes in temperature, stress and strain distribution in the samples and the source of error on the constitutive relations from Gleeble hot compression test were analyzed in detail. Both simulations and experiments showed that the temperature distribution in the specimen is not uniform during hot compression, resulting in significant deformation inhomogeneity and non-ignorable error in the flow stress strain relation,invalidating the uniform strain assumption commonly assumed when extracting the constitutive relation from Gleeble tests. Based on the finite element simulations with iterative corrections, we propose a scheme to refine the constitutive relations from Gleeble tests.

关键词： Titanium alloy Constitutive relation Finite element Compression Temperature distribution

Analytical modelling of end thermal coupling in a solid-state laser longitudinally bonded by a vertical-cavity top-emitting laser diode

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Chinese Physics B 2009年第11期18卷 4912-4918页

作者：吴坚 h.d.Summers School of Physics Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University

The intrinsic features involving a circularly symmetric beam profile with low divergence, planar geometry as well as the increasingly enhanced power of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers （VCSELs） have made the VCSEL a promising pump source in direct end bonding to a solid-state laser medium to form the minimized, on-wafer integrated laser system. This scheme will generate a surface contact pump configuration and thus additional end thermal coupling to the laser medium through the joint interface of both materials, apart from pump beam heating. This paper analytically models temperature distributions in both VCSEL and the laser medium from the end thermal coupling regarding surface contact pump configuration using a top-emitting VCSEL as the pump source for the first time. The analytical solutions are derived by introducing relative temperature and mean temperature expressions. The results show that the end contact heating by the VCSEL could lead to considerable temperature variations associated with thermal phase shift and thermal lensing in the laser medium. however, if the central temperature of the interface is increased by less than 20 K, the end contact heating does not have a significant thermal influence on the laser medium. In this case, the thermal effect should be dominated by pump beam heating. This work provides useful analytical results for further analysis of hybrid thermal effects on those lasers pumped by a direct VCSEL bond.

关键词： solid-state laser end pump thermal coupling vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser

Plasma density measurement and downstream etching of silicon and silicon oxide in Ar/NF3 mixture remote plasma source

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第6期21卷 52-57页

作者： h J YEOM d h ChOI Y S LEE J h KIM d J SEONG S J YOU h C LEE Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea department of Physics Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea

In this study,plasma density measurements were performed near the plume region of the remote plasma source (RPS) in Ar/NF3 gas mixtures using a microwave cutoff *** measured plasma density is in the range of 1010-1011 cm-3 in the discharge conditions with RPS powers of 2-4 kW and gas pressures of 0.87-4 *** plasma density decreased with increasing gas pressures and RPS powers under various Ar/NF3 mixing *** decrease in the plasma density measured at the fixed measurement position (plume region) can be understood by the reduction of the electron energy relaxation length with increases in the gas pressures and mixing ratio of NF3/(Ar/NF3).We also performed downstream etching of silicon and silicon oxide films in this *** etch rate of the silicon films significantly increases while the silicon oxide is slightly etched with the gas pressures and *** was also found that the etch rate strongly depends on the wafer position on the processing chamber electrode,and that the etch selectivity reached 96-131 in the discharge conditions of RF powers (3730-4180 W) and gas pressures (3.6-4 Torr).

关键词： remote plasma source electron density cutoff probe downstream etch

On some aspects of compressive properties and serrated flow in Mg-Y-Nd-Zr alloy

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Journal of Rare Earths 2013年第8期31卷 804-810页

作者： h.Azzeddine d.Bradai Faculty of Physics University of Sciences and Technology Houari BoumedieneBP32 El-Alia Bab Ezzouar 16111 Algiers Algeria

The deformation behavior of the Mg-Y-Nd-Zr （WE54） alloy at temperatures between 25 and 400 ℃ was investigated by uniaxial and plans strain compression tests at strain rate values of 10-2 and 10^-4 s^-1. The results showed that the flow stress had a strong dependency on the loading condition. Yield stress and peak stress decreased with increasing deformation temperature and with decrease in the strain rate for both deformation types. The serration flow behavior was observed markedly at high temperatures and under a strain rate of 10^-4S^-1. The serration amplitude for samples deformed by plans strain compression was larger than that by uni- axial compression. Serrated flow was attributed to the interaction of dislocations with precipitates at 300 ℃ and to dynamic discon- tinuous recrystallization effects at 400 ℃.

关键词： Mg-Y-Nd-Zr (WE54) alloy serrated flow dynamic precipitation hot deformation rare earths

SUBSTRATE EFFECT ON hYdROGENATEd MICROCRYSTALLINE SILICON FILMS dEPOSITEd WITh VhF-PECVd TEChNIQUE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2006年第4期19卷 295-300页

作者： h.d. Yang department of Electronic Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China

Raman spectra and scanning electron microscope （SEM） techniques were used to determine the structural properties of microcrb＇stalline silicon （μc-Si：h） films deposited on different substrates with the very high frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition （VhF-PECVd） technique. Using the Raman spectra, the values of crystalline volume fraction Xc and average grain size d are 86%, 12.3nm; 65%, 5.45nm; and 38%, 4.05nm, for single crystalline silicon wafer, coming 7059 glass, and general optical glass substrates, respectively. The SEM images further demonstrate the substrate effect on the film surface roughness. For the single crystalline silicon wafer and Coming 7059 glass, the surfaces of the μc-Si：h films are fairly smooth because of the homogenous growth or h＇ttle lattice mismatch. But for general optical glass, the surface of the μ-Si： h film is very rough, thus the growing surface roughness affects the crystallization process and determines the average grain size of the deposited material. Moreover, with the measurements of thickness, photo and dark conductivity, photosensitivity and activation energy, the substrate effect on the deposition rate, optical and electrical properties of the μc-Si：h thin films have also been investigated. On the basis of the above results, it can be concluded that the substrates affect the initial growing layers acting as a seed for the formation of a crystalline-like material and then the deposition rates, optical and electrical properties are also strongly influenced, hence, deposition parameter optimization is the key method that can be used to obtain a good initial growing layer, to realize the deposition of μc-Si：h films with device-grade quality on cheap substrates such as general glass.

关键词： hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon film VhF-PECVd (very high frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition) substrate effect