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graphite-like and diamond-like Carbon Coatings with Exceptional Tribological Properties

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 796-802页

作者： M. Jarratt S. K. Field d.g. teer teer Coatings Ltd. West Stone House West Stone Berry Hill Industrial Estate Droitwich WR9 9AS UKTeer Coatings Ltd. West Stone House West Stone Berry Hill Industrial Estate Droitwich WR9 9AS UKTeer Coatings Ltd. West Stone House West Stone Berry Hill Industrial Estate Droitwich WR9 9AS UK

Two hard, carbon-based solid lubricant coatings, graphit-iC? and dymon-iC?, have been developed that offer considerable benefits for industry. Both of these new coatings have a high tribological load-bearing capacity, exceptional wear resistance and very low friction, even in dry or lubricant-starved contact. This is in contrast to many commercial diamond-like carbon, dLC coatings, which tend to be highly stressed and therefore brittle, making them unsuitable for high load bearing industrial applications. The development of the new solid lubricant coatings is described, and details of their tribological performance in dry, water and oil-lubricated environments are given. The structure of the coatings has been investigated and related to the tribological properties, and the mechanism for the low friction and wear rates is discussed. The coatings have been used to successfully improve the lifetime and efficiency of many highly loaded mechanical parts, including automotive fuel injection components, gears, bearings, tappets (cam followers), gudgeon (wrist) pins, etc. They also offer benefits for tooling and are widely used in forming or machining of non-ferrous alloys, and extensively on dies and moulds. Other industrial application areas include electrical devices that require either high conductivity or insulation, optical devices requiring abrasion resistance and surgical tools and implants.

关键词： dLC 摩擦力碳覆层固体润滑剂

The Properties and Applications of MoS_2/Ti Composite Coatings in dry Cutting and Forming

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 894-898页

作者： XiaolingZhang HailinSun d.Becker S.Wagner d.g.teer teerCoatingsLtd. WestStineHouseBerryHillIndustrialEstateDroitwichWorcestershireUK InstituteforMetalFormingTechnology stuttgartUniversityStuttgartGermany

MoSi/Ti composite coatings (MoST?), have been deposited by a closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion-plating system. The high ion-current densities at low substrate bias voltage of the system ensures that the MoST? coatings are characteristic of dense coherent structures, with high adhesion (critical scratch load above 120 N), high load bearing capacity up to 5 gPa., low friction (0.02-0.1), high wear resistance (less than 4xlO"17 m3/N m) even at a relative humidity of 40%, and high temperature resistance up to 350 °C. The successful applications of MoST? coatings in large- scale productions for dry cutting and forming, with increasing lifetime and productivity are presented.

关键词： MoS2/Ti复合涂层干切割低摩擦力磁控管溅射

Micro-scale Abrasion and Medium Load Multiple Scratch Tests of PVd Coatings

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 1199-1202页

作者： S. Poulat d.g.teer teer Coatings Ltd Droitwich Worcestershire.U.K.Teer Coatings Ltd Droitwich Worcestershire.U.K.

Micro-scale abrasion testing is widely used to determine the abrasion resistance of thin film coatings; it is a simple technique that can easily be used as part of a quality control procedure, but it has got the disadvantage of not allowing an easy study of the wear mechanisms involved: it is difficult to estimate the load applied on each abrasive particles in the contact between the loaded ball and the specimen. The possibility of using progressive loading scratch testing, a method widely used to assess the adhesion of thin film coatings, to model the abrasive wear of coatings has been studied in the past; the use of multiple scratch tests to study the wear mechanisms corresponding to a single abrasion scratch event has also been studied in the case of bulk materials (ceramics and hard metals). Two coatings, deposited by Closed Field Unbalanced Magnetron Sputter Ion Plating (CFUBMSIP) on ASP23 powder metallurgy steel substrate are chosen to be representative of the use of protective coatings in industry: titanium nitride, which is widely used to prevent tool wear, and TCL graphit-iC?, which is widely used as a wear resistant solid lubricant coating. The two coatings are first characterised by using a standard quality control procedure: their thickness is determined by the cap grinding method, their adhesion by progressive loading scratch. Then micro-scale abrasion tests performed with a slurry at a concentration which promotes grooving wear, and medium load multiple scratch tests performed with diamond indenters are completed; the results of these tests are analysed and compared to determine if there is any correlation between the two sets of results; the multiple scratch tests wear tracks are also observed to determine the wear mechanisms involved.

关键词：微量磨损乱痕硬度试验 PVd 薄膜涂层

The Friction and Wear Properties of CrN, graphit-iC and dymon-iC Coatings in Air and under Oil-lubrication.

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 858-861页

作者： J. Stallard d.g.teer teer Coatings Ltd Droitwich WorcestershireU.KTeer Coatings Ltd Droitwich WorcestershireU.K.

Hard ceramic coatings such as TiN and CrN are very successful and are widely used in improving the performance of cutting and forming tools, but they are less successful in providing protection for general machine components, such as gears and engine parts. The development of low-friction wear resistant coatings that can run dry or in a minimum amount of oil is becoming increasingly important to this industry. Two recently developed carbon-based coatings graphit-iC? and dymon-iC, which are shown to exhibit very high sliding wear resistance and low friction in dry conditions, are compared to a CrN coating under oil lubricated conditions. Long term pin-on-disc tests using a chrome steel counterface ball were carried out on coated HSS test samples. All the coatings performed well at very high applied contact pressures, exceeding 1.5 gPa, but the graphit-iC? and dymon-iC coatings also exhibited the desirable characteristic of protecting the counterface material. Reasons for this behaviour are discussed.

关键词： dLC 润滑油摩擦性能磨损性能涂层

Applications of Cr-Based Metal Nitride Hard Coatings Using Multi-Magnetron Sputtering Sources and Elemental Metal Targets

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 821-826页

作者： ShicaiYang EricWiemann d.C.teer teerCoatingsLtd. WestStoneHouse-WestStoneBerryHillIndustrialEstateDroitwichWR99ASUK InstituteforMachineToolsandFactoryManagementIWF TechnicalUniversityBerlinPascalstrasse8-9D-10587BerlinGermany

Cr-based nitride hard coatings were produced by multi-magnetron sputtering sources using elemental metal materials. Cr, Ti, Mo, V, Al, and Y target materials were used for the metal sources whilst nitrogen was introduced at the same time to produce multilayer nitride hard coatings. The deposition process was optimised according to the properties of hardness, adherence and wear measured using microhardness, scratch, Rockwell indentation and pin-on-disc tests. The coatings were deposited onto hard metal carbide as well as high speed steel cutting tools such as inserts and drills. The coated inserts were tested on a wide range of difficult to machine materials using a Boehringer VdF180-C CNC lathe. The machining was performed under interrupted cutting conditions and the results were compared with those obtained using an advanced commercially available TiAIN coating. The coated carbide drills were tested under dry conditions to cut hard alloy steel and the coated tool steel drills were tested under lubricant conditions to cut carbon steel with comparing the similar tests on commercial TiN coatings. These test results were compared with those from drills coated with a commercial TiN.

关键词：切割钻孔磁控管溅射渗氮 Cr合金

Advanced magnetron sputtering techniques-principles and applications

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2004年第z1期14卷 42-42页

作者： d.g.teer teer Coatings Ltd West Stone House Berry Hill Industrial EstateDroitwich Worcs. WR9 9AS

　　The technique of ion plating was introduced by Mattox[1] in 1963. All PVd techniques used for the deposition of hard wear resistant coatings for tribological applications rely on the ion bombardment of the coating during deposition in order to obtain the required coating properties and are all variations of the original ion plating technique. To obtain a dense, hard, wear resistant coating the ion current density during deposition needs to be high, more than 1 mA/cm2 and the energy of the ions should be not more than about 50 eV.……

关键词： wear resistant coatings ion plating ion bombardment current density in order

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CrN镀层的微粒磨损性能及其切削行为研究

摩擦学学报 2007年第4期27卷 313-318页

作者：鲍明东徐雪波朱晓东何家文孙海林 teer d g 宁波工程学院机械工程学院浙江宁波315016 西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室陕西西安710049 英国teer镀层有限公司

在teerUdP 550型闭合场非平衡磁控溅射离子镀设备上制备CrN镀层,以球-盘方法测定的比磨损率和微粒磨损法测定的微粒磨损率评价CrN镀层的耐磨性能,采用高速钢镀层钻头的钻孔数评价镀层的切削性能.结果表明,CrN镀层的微粒磨损率对氮流量(... 详细信息

在teerUdP 550型闭合场非平衡磁控溅射离子镀设备上制备CrN镀层,以球-盘方法测定的比磨损率和微粒磨损法测定的微粒磨损率评价CrN镀层的耐磨性能,采用高速钢镀层钻头的钻孔数评价镀层的切削性能.结果表明,CrN镀层的微粒磨损率对氮流量(用光谱发射因子OEM值控制)的变化很敏感,而比磨损率却不能反映这种由于氮流量变化带来的镀层结构和性能的变化.在不同偏压条件下所制备的镀层微粒磨损率变化不明显.当微粒磨损率低于某一值时,CrN镀层的钻孔寿命明显提高,而比磨损率则无此规律.

关键词： CrN镀层微粒磨损率比磨损率刀具切削行为

Expansion of gARP-Expressing Cd4^(+)Cd25^(-)FoxP3^(+)T Cells and SATB1Association with Activation and Coagulation in Immune Compromised HIV-1-Infected Individuals in South Africa

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第5期36卷 1133-1143页

作者： Eman teer danzil E.Joseph Leanne dominick Richard H.glashoff M.Faadiel Essop Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa(CARMA) Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7600South Africa division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department of PathologyStellenbosch University and NHLSCape Town 7505South Africa

Although antiretroviral treatment lowers the burden of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-related disease,it does not always result in immunological *** manifests as persistent chronic inflammation,immune activation or exhaustion that can promote the onset of *** the exact function of regulatory T(Treg)cells in HIV remains unclear,this cross-sectional study investigated three expression markers(Forkhead box protein P3[FOXP3],glycoprotein A repetitions predominant[gARP],special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1[SATB1])and compared their expansion between Cd4^(+)Cd25^(-)and Cd4^(+)Cd25^(++)T ***-matched study subjects were recruited(Western Cape,South Africa)and sub-divided:HIV-negative subjects(n=12),HIV-positive na(i|")ve treated(n=22),HIV-positive treated based on Cd4 count cells/μL(Cd4>500 and Cd4d HIV-treated based on viral load(VL)copies/mL(VLd VL>1000)(n=34).Markers of immune activation(Cd38)and coagulation(Cd142)on T cells(Cd8)were assessed by flow cytometry together with FOXP3,gARP and SATB1 expression on Cd4^(+)Cd25^(-)and Cd4^(+)Cd25^(++)T *** levels of interleukin-10(IL-10;anti-inflammatory marker),IL-6(inflammatory marker)and d-dimer(coagulation marker)were *** study revealed three major findings in immuno-compromised patients with virological failure(Cd41000):(1)the expansion of the unconventional Treg cell subset(Cd4^(+)Cd25^(-)FOXP3^(+))is linked with disease progression markers;(2)increased.g.RP expression in the Cd4^(+)Cd25^(-)and Cd4^(+)Cd25^(++)subsets;and(3)the identification of a strong link between Cd4^(+)Cd25^(-)SATB1+cells and markers of immune activation(Cd8^(+)Cd38^(+))and coagulation(Cd8^(+)Cd142^(+)and d-dimer).

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Regulatory T cells(Treg) Immune activation Progression markers glycoprotein A repetitions predominant(gARP) Forkhead box protein P3(FOXP3)

Up-scaled teer-UdP850/4 Unbalanced Magnetron deposition System Used for Mass-Production of CrTiAIN Hard Coatings

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 827-831页

作者： ZHANgguo-jun YANgShi-cai JIANgBai-ling BAILi-jing CHENdi-chum WENXiao-bin teerd.g. SchoolofMateriafsScienceandEngineering.Xi＇anUniversityofTechnology Xi＇an.China teerCoatingsLtd. 290HartleburyTradingEstateHartleburyWorcs.U.K.

Up-scaled deposition process of teer-UdP850/4 has been established and used for massive production of CrTiAIN hard coatings in applications of anti-wear, cutting and forming tools. This deposition system uses four magnetrons that are arranged by unbalanced magnets to form closed magnetic field enabling the system running in high current density. Elemental metals of Cr, Ti and Al are used as the target materials which are co-deposited with nitrogen forming multialloy nitride, nanoscale multi-layer or superlattice hard coatings. The substrate turntable is desfgned as planet rotation mechanism with three folds so that components or tools with complicate geometry can be uniformly coated onto all their surfaces and cutting edges. The power units for the magnetrons are straight dc whilst the substrate is biased by pulsed dc. Two solid heaters are installed in the system to enable running a wide range of deposition temperature from 200°C to 500°C. The pumping system is powerful that incorporated with a polycold to pump the system to a good vacuum in a very short time. A front door and a movable substrate table are available to benefit easily loading and unloading. deposition procedure, properties and performance of the coatings is also presented in this paper.

关键词：不平衡磁控管溅射 CrTiAlN 硬质合金涂层热处理