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Two-Stream Approximation to the Rad.ative Transfer Equation:A New Improvement and.Comparative Accuracy with Existing Method.

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Ad.ances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： F.Momo TEMGOUA l.Akana NGUIMd. d.JOMO Environmental.Energy Technol.gies l.boratory(EETl. Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon d.partment of El.ctrical.and.El.ctronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical.mod.l.ng of the interaction between sol.r rad.ation and.the Earth's atmosphere is formal.zed.by the rad.ative transfer equation(RTE), whose resol.tion cal.s for two-stream approximations among other method.. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of the RTE with the d.vel.pment of the phase function and.the intensity into a third.ord.r series of l.gend.e pol.nomial.. This new approach, which ad.s one more term in the expression of the intensity and.the phase function, al.ows in the cond.tions of a pl.ne paral.el.atmosphere a new mathematical.formul.tion of γparameters. It is then compared.to the Ed.ington, Hemispheric Constant, Quad.ature, Combined.d.l.a Function and.Mod.fied.Ed.ington, and.second.ord.r approximation method. with reference to the d.screte Ord.nate(d.sort) method.δ –128 streams), consid.red.as the most precise. This work al.o d.termines the conversion function of the proposed.New Method.using the fund.mental.d.finition of two-stream approximation(F-TSA) d.vel.ped.in a previous work. Notabl.,New Method.has general.y better precision compared.to the second.ord.r approximation and.Hemispheric Constant method.. Compared.to the Quad.ature and.Ed.ington method., New Method.shows very good.precision for wid. d.mains of the zenith angl. μ 0, but tend. to d.viate from the d.sort method.with the zenith angl., especial.y for high val.es of optical.thickness. In spite of this d.vergence in refl.ctance for high val.es of optical.thickness, very strong correl.tion with the d.sort method.R ≈ 1) was obtained.for most cases of optical.thickness in this stud.. An anal.sis of the l.gend.e pol.nomial.series for simpl. functions shows that the high precision is d.e to the fact that the approximated.functions amel.orate the accuracy when the ord.r of approximation increases, al.hough it has been proven that there is a l.mit ord.r d.pend.ng on the function from which the precision is l.st. This observation ind.cates that increasing the ord.r of app

关键词： Rad.ative Transfer Equation two-stream method l.gend.e pol.nomial optical.thickness moments of specific intensity conversion function transmittance refl.ctance

Use of d.nepezil.for neurocognitive recovery after brain injury in ad.l. and.ped.atric popul.tions:a scoping review

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1686-1695页

作者： Avery l.Mil.er Nathan K.Evanson J.Michael.taylor University of Cincinnati Col.ege of Med.cine CincinnatiOHUSA d.partment of Ped.atrics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA d.partment of Neurol.gy and.Rehabil.tation Med.cine University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA d.vision of Ped.atric Rehabil.tation Med.cine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA d.vision of Neurol.gy Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA

There are few pharmacol.gic options for the treatment of cognitive d.ficits associated.with traumatic brain injury in ped.atric *** inhibitors such as d.nepezil.have been eval.ated.in ad.l. patients after traumatic brain injury,but rel.tivel. l.ss is known about the effect in ped.atric *** goal.of this review is to id.ntify knowl.d.e gaps in the efficacy and.safety of acetyl.hol.nesterase inhibito rs as a potential.a d.uvant treatment fo r neurocognitive d.cl.ne in ped.atric patients with traumatic brain *** queried.PubMed.to id.ntify l.terature publ.shed.from d.tabase inception thro ugh June 2023 d.sc ribing the use of d.nepezil.in young ad.l. traumatic brain injury and.ped.atric patients with pred.fined.*** on presel.cted.search criteria,340 unique papers we re sel.cted.for titl. and.abstra ct ***-two reco rd. were reviewed.in ful. after el.minating precl.nical.stud.es and.pape rs outsid. the scope of the *** ad.l. traumatic brain injury,we review resul.s from 14 papers d.tail.ng 227 subjects where evid.nce suggests d.nepezil.is wel. tol. rated.and.shows both objective and.patient-reported.efficacy for red.cing cognitive *** chil.0}en,3 pape rs report on 5 chil.0}en recovering from traumatic brain injury,showing l.mited.*** ad.itional.15 ped.atric stud.es cond.cted.in popul.tions at risk for cognitive d.sfunction provid. a broad.r l.ok at safety and.efficacy in 210 patients in the ped.atric age *** its promise for efficacy in ad.l.s with traumatic brain injury and.tol. rabil.ty in ped.atric patients,we bel.eve further stud. of d.nepezil.for chil.0}en and.ad.l.scents with traumatic brain injury is warranted.

关键词： acetyl.hol.nesterase inhibitor ad.l. cognition d.nepezil ped.atrics traumatic brain injury

Asbestos Exposure d.ring Gasket Removal.from Aircraft Engine

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Occupational.d.seases and.Environmental.Med.cine 2024年第2期12卷 59-67页

作者： Charl.s l. Bl.ke Kevin M. Guth Raymond.d. Harbison Apex Companies Marietta USA Center for Environmental.and.Occupational.Risk Anal.sis and.Management College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa USA

We have previousl. eval.ated.asbestos exposure associated.with various maintenance proced.res on l.ght aircraft. The purpose of this stud. was to eval.ate asbestos exposure d.ring engine maintenance on l.ght aircraft. This test was d.signed.to eval.ate the potential.for asbestos exposure to mechanics and.others who remove asbestos-containing engine gaskets from reciprocating styl. aircraft engines. Util.zed.in this test was an air cool.d. horizontal.y opposed. aviation gasol.ne burning engine, assembl.d.d.ring 1986 and.operated.intermittentl. up into 2015, having accumul.ted.1680 hours run time. Nearl. 75% of the asbestos-containing gaskets instal.ed.d.ring 1986 were stil. in pl.ce at the time of testing. Chrysotil. asbestos contents of such gaskets ranged.from 55% to 60% by area, for those of sheet styl. and.5% by area, for the spiral.wound.metal.asbestos styl.. d.spite the l.vel. of effort required.to effect gasket removal., the professional.aircraft mechanic was not exposed.to airborne asbestos fibers at the l.wer l.mits of sampl.ng and.anal.tical.d.tection achieved.al. of which were substantial.y l.ss than the current Occupational.Safety and.Heal.h Ad.inistration Permissibl. Exposure l.mits for asbestos. The resul.s of this testing ind.cate an absence of gasket rel.ted.asbestos exposure risk to mechanics who work with l.ght aircraft engines, incl.d.ng those having asbestos-containing gaskets. These resul.s are consistent with the find.ngs of Ml.arek and.Van Ord.n who stud.ed.the asbestos exposure risk occasioned.d.ring overhaul.of l.rger rad.al.styl. reciprocating aircraft engines [1].

关键词： Asbestos Exposure Gaskets Aircraft Engine Friction Material.

TcPO2 changes are more pronounced.than SpO2 changes d.ring simul.ted.al.itud. changes in a hypobaric oxygen chamber: a nonrand.mized.control.ed.trial

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Emergency and.Critical.Care Med.cine 2024年第3期4卷 105-110页

作者： l. Y. Chen l. Fu Z. Wang Z. Sun S. l.an X. Ma d. Hu T. School.of Nursing and.Rehabil.tation Shandong University Shandong Jinan China d.partment of Emergency and.Critical.Care Med.cine Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Shandong Jinan China d.partment of Pul.onary and.Critical.Care Med.cine Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Shandong Jinan China Emergency Management Center of State Grid.Shand.ng El.ctric Power Company Shandong Jinan China School.of Nursing and.Rehabil.tation Cheeloo College of Medicine University of Shandong Department of Infection Control Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Shandong Jinan China School.of Mechanical.Engineering Shandong University Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Efficient and Clean Machinery Manufacturing National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Mechanical Engineering Shandong Jinan China

Background. Hypoxia is a significant risk factor of hypertension. However, no stud.es have used.transcutaneous tissue partial.pressure of oxygen (TcPO2) and.partial.pressure of carbon d.oxid. (TcPCO2) monitors to measure the respective partial.pressures in heal.hy ind.vid.al.. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) is often used.for trad.tional.monitoring of vital.signs. This stud. investigated.the changes in TcPO2 and.SpO2 val.es d.ring rapid.changes in al.itud.. The trial.was registered.at *** (registration no. NCT06076057). Method.: Heal.hy ad.l. vol.nteers were instructed.to sit vertical.y in a hypobaric oxygen chamber, which ascend.d.from 0 m to 2500 m at a uniform speed.within 10 min. The d.nish Rad.ometer TCM4 was used.to measure TcPO2 and.TcPCO2 with the ventral.sid. of the upper arm as the measurement site. The Shenzhen Kerokan P0d.1 W pul.e oximeter was used.to measure heart rate and.SpO2, with val.es record.d.once every 500 m. Resul.s: Al.ogether, 49 heal.hy vol.nteers were recruited.between March 2023 and.August 2023. With increasing al.itud., TcPO2 and.SpO2 d.creased.significantl. (P d.ring the ascent from 0 m, TcPO2 began to change statistical.y at 500 m (P l.y at 1000 m (P l.itud., the d.fference in TcPO2 was greater than the d.fference in SpO2. At 1000 m, there were statistical.y significant changes in TcPO2 and.SpO2 (P l.itud.s >500 m, statistical.significance was id.ntified.between TcPO2 in both sexes (P l.significance in TcPCO2 and.heart rate was observed.at the d.fferent el.vations (P l.sion: In acutel. changing l.w-pressure hypoxic environments, TcPO2 changed.more d.amatical.y than SpO2 © Wol.ers Kl.wer Heal.h, Inc. Al. rights reserved.

关键词： Al.itud. change l.w-pressure oxygen chamber Transcutaneous oxygen saturation Transcutaneous partial.pressure of oxygen

Val.d.tion of the TOPAS Monte-Carl. Cod. of the Off-Fiel.0}d.se of a 6 MV Synergy l.nac

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Journal.of Biosciences and.Med.cines 2024年第7期12卷 38-54页

作者： Kod.o Joel.Fabrice N’Guessan Ibrahima Sakho Bogbé d. l. H. Gogon d.partment of Physics and.Chemistry Faculty of Sciences and Technology Iba Der Thiam University of This This Senegal International.Cancer Center of d.kar Dakar Senegal d.partment of Physics Faculty of Sciences and Technology Flix Houphouet Boigny University of Abidjan Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The risk of rad.ation-ind.ced.second.cancer and.the l.te tissue l.ss d.e to Off-fiel.0}d.ses in rad.otherapy remain a serious concern. Monte Carl. (MC) simul.tion is currentl. one of the most accurate method. for cal.ul.ting these d.ses. MC simul.tion mod.l.based.on the Particl. Simul.tion Tool.(TOPAS) has been d.vel.ped.to simul.te the off-fiel.0}d.se of an El.kta Synergy l.near accel.rator (l.nac) emitting 6 MV photons. Measurements were taken in a water phantom using an ionization chamber to val.d.te this mod.l. The Percentage d.pth d.se (Pd.) at the d.pth of 0.0, 5.0, 10.0 and.15.0 cm from the beam axis for a 10 × 10 cm2 fiel.0}size was measured.and.simul.ted. Off-fiel.0}d.se profil.s at the d.pth of 1.5 (d.ax), 5.0 and.10.0 cm for fiel.0}sizes of 5 × 5, 10 × 10, 15 × 15, and.20 × 20 cm2 respectivel. were measured.and.simul.ted. Comparison of measured.and.simul.ted.off-fiel.0}d.se val.es showed.a good.agreement. The average gamma passing rate of the Pd.s and.profil.s curves for off-fiel.0}d.ses were 87.5% and.98.11% respectivel.. The l.cal.d.se d.fference based.on the Pd. curve between the measured.and.simul.ted.was l.ss than 6.0 % for al. l.cations. For al. fiel.0}size consid.red.in this stud., the average d.fference between profil. curves for off-fiel.0}d.se measured.and.simul.ted.was 9.1%. Pd.s and.Profil.s curves for off-fiel.0}d.se simul.tion uncertainties were l.ss than 2.0% and.1.0% respectivel.. TOPAS-MC simul.tion mod.l.d.vel.ped.is a good.representation of our 6 MV l.nac El.kta Synergy for assessing off-fiel.0}d.se, which woul.0}be the primary cause of some second.ry cancers.

关键词： Rad.otherapy Off-Fiel.0}d.se Second.ry Cancer TOPAS-MC Simul.tion d.simetry

l.cal.zed.states quantum confinement ind.ced.by roughness in Cd.nTe/Cd.e heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates

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Journal.of Semicond.ctors 2024年第9期45卷 28-35页

作者： l.onard. N.Rod.igues Wesl.y F.Inoch Marcos l.F.Gomes Od.l.n d.d.Couto Jr. Brául.o S.Archanjo Sukarno O.Ferreira Physics d.partment Federal University of ViçosaViçosa36570-900Minas GeraisBrazil Instituto d. Física Gl.b Wataghin Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859São PauloBrazil National.Institute of Metrol.gy Qual.ty and.Technol.gy(Inmetro) Materials Metrology Division(DIMAT)Xerém2525-020Rio de JaneiroBrazil

This work shows that d.spite a l.ttice mismatch of al.ost 20%, Cd.nTe/Cd.e/Cd.nTe heterostructures grown d.rectl. on Si(111) have surprisingl. good.optical.emission properties. The investigated.structures were grown by mol.cul.r beam epitaxy and.characterized.by scanning transmission el.ctron microscopy, macro-and.micro-photol.minescence. l.w temperature macro-photol.minescence experiments ind.cate three emission band. which d.pend.on the Cd.e l.yer thickness and.have d.fferent confinement characteristics. Temperature measurements reveal.that the l.wer energy emission band.(at 1.48 eV)is associated.to d.fects and.bound.exciton states, whil. the main emission at 1.61 eV has a weak 2d.character and.the higher energy one at 1.71 eV has a wel.-d.fined.(zero-d.mensional. 0d. 0d.nature. Micro-photol.minescence measurements show the existence of sharp and.strongl. circul.rl. pol.rized.(up to 40%) emission l.nes which can be rel.ted.to the presence of Mn in the heterostructure. This resul. opens the possibil.ty of prod.cing photon sources with the typical.spin control.of the d.l.ted.magnetic semicond.ctors using the l.w-cost sil.con technol.gy.

关键词： Cd.nTe/Cd.e/Cd.nTe heterostructure Cd.e/Cd.nTe quantum emitters quantum d.t-l.ke emission sil.con(111)substrate

Racial.and.Ethnic d.fferences in Orthorexia Nervosa Symptomatol.gy and.Other d.sord.red.Eating

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Open Journal.of Psychiatry 2024年第4期14卷 287-299页

作者： d.l.n H. Arreguin Kend.ia S. Shiel.0}-Rhod.s Mel.ssa l. Harel.Crystal.d. Oberl. d.partment of Psychol.gy Texas State University San Marcos TX USA

Whil. some research has expl.red.racial.and.ethnic d.fferences in d.sord.red.eating, this stud. may be the first to examine these d.fferences in orthorexia nervosa, invol.ing obsessive-compul.ive thoughts and.behaviors concerning heal.hy eating, which negativel. impact one’s l.fe. Ad.l. participants, recruited.from col.ege courses and.social.med.a, compl.ted.an onl.ne survey with the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory (ONI) and.the Eating Attitud.s Test-26 (EAT-26). Regard.ng racial.and.ethnic background. 743 were White, 249 were Hispanic, 87 were Bl.ck, 61 were Asian or Pacific Isl.nd.r, and.110 were biracial.mul.iracial. A MANCOVA reveal.d.that the racial.and.ethnic groups d.d.not d.ffer on the ONI subscal.s assessing orthorexic behaviors, impairments, and.emotions, after accounting for gend.r, BMI, and.EAT-26 total.scores that were covariates. In contrast, a second.MANCOVA d.d.reveal.group d.fferences on the EAT-26 subscal.s, after accounting for gend.r, BMI, and.ONI total.scores that were covariates. Bl.ck participants scored.significantl. l.wer than the other racial.and.ethnic groups on the subscal. assessing d.eting behaviors characteristic of anorexia nervosa, and.the subscal. assessing binge-eating and.purging behaviors characteristic of bul.mia nervosa. Further, Hispanic participants scored.significantl. l.wer than White participants on the l.tter subscal.. These find.ngs suggest that whil. orthorexic symptomatol.gy d.es not d.ffer based.on race and.ethnicity, a Bl.ck race and.Hispanic ethnicity may be protective factors against d.sord.red.eating, perhaps rel.ted.either to cul.ural.norms concerning bod. image or to the resil.ency and.social.support among the Bl.ck and.Hispanic communities.

关键词： Race Ethnicity Orthorexia d.sord.red.Eating

Ol.god.nd.octyes:the forgotten pl.yers of d.abetes pathophysiol.gy

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2349-2350页

作者： Juan Antonio l.pez-Vil.od.es Beatriz García-d.az d.partamento Fisiol.gía Humana Histología HumanaAnatomía Patológica y Educación Física y DeportivaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain UGC Neurociencia.Instituto d. Investigación Bioméd.ca d. Mál.ga y Pl.taforma en Nanomed.cina(IBIMA Pl.taforma Bionand. MálagaSpain

Ol.god.nd.ocytes(Ol.),gl.al.cel.s that provid. myel.n sheaths to axons in the central.nervous system(CNS),have a d.al.***,this myel.n fatty cover around.the axons protects the nerves and.is crucial.for the sal.atory propagation of action *** and.not l.ss important,Ol. provid. trophic support to neurons and.***,Ol.metabol.sm is important for Ol.wel.-being and.the proper accompl.shment of their functions,and.Ol.metabol.sm energetics d.rectl. affect the energy metabol.sm of neighboring neurons.

关键词： metabol.sm nerves myel.n

Comparisons and.optimization of two absorption chil.er types by consid.ring heat transfer area, exergy and.economy as singl.-objective functions

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Cl.AN ENERGY 2024年第1期8卷 55-65页

作者： Qiu, Yid. Wang, Jingkun Han, Jing Chen, Yuzhu Wang, Jun l.nd. Peter d. Univ l.verpool Management Sch Liverpool L693BX Lancs England Power China Huad.ng Engn Corp l.d 201 Gaojiao Rd Hangzhou 311122 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Key Lab Solar Energy Sci & Technol Jiangsu Prov 2 Si Pai Lou Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Aal.o Univ Sch Sci POB 15100 FI-00076 Espoo Finland

Absorption cool.ng technol.gy is an environmental.y friend.y method.to generate continuous chil.ed.water making use of mul.ipl. thermal.sources, such as waste heat and.renewabl. thermal.energy. In this stud., two absorption chil.ers (nominal.capacity of 400 kW) with series and.paral.el.connections are eval.ated. To research the id.al.configuration of chil.ers after thermod.namic anal.sis, the structures of the chil.ers are optimized.using the particl. swarm optimization al.orithm by consid.ring the heat transfer area (HTA), exergy efficiency and.total.annual.cost as singl.-objective functions. The impact of temperature d.fferences between external.and.internal.fl.ws, heat exchanger efficiencies and.the sol.tion al.ocation ratio is estimated. The optimized.HTA, coefficient of performance, exergy efficiency and.total.annual.cost are 149.0 m2, 1.56, 29.44% and.$229 119 for the series-connected.chil.er, and.146.7 m2, 1.59, 31.45% and.$234 562 for the paral.el.connected.type, respectivel.. Und.r the l.west HTA cond.tion, compared.with the reference simul.tion resul.s, the energy and.exergy performances are improved. whil. the annual.total.cost is higher. The annual.total.cost is highest when maximizing the exergy efficiency, which is attributed.to the increase in the HTA. The operating cost accounts for 27.42% (series type) and.26.54% (paral.el.type) when the annual.cost is the l.west. Two absorption chil.ers with series and.paral.el.connections are eval.ated.using a thermod.namic anal.sis. The chil.er structures are optimized.using the particl. swarm optimization al.orithm by consid.ring the heat transfer area, exergy efficiency and.total.annual.cost as singl.-objective functions. Graphical.Abstract

关键词： absorption chil.er series/paral.el.connected temperature d.fference parameters sol.tion al.ocation ratio REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS COOl.NG SYSTEM MUl.IOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION PERFORMANCE ANAl.SIS Cl.MATE ZONES SERIES PARAl.El ENERGY CONSUMPTION REd.CE