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Use of Farmers’ Ind.cators to Evaluate the Sustainability of Cropping Systems on Sloping Land.in Yunnan Province, China

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Ped.sphere 2009年第3期19卷 344-355页

作者： M. SUBEd. T. J. HOCKING M. A. FULLEN A, R. McCREA E. MILNE WU Bo-Zhi d. jo mitchell School of Applied.Sciences The University of Wolverhampton Wulfruna Street Wolverhampton WV1 1LY （UK） The Macaulay Institute Craigiebuekler Aberdeen AB15 8QH （UK） Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 （China）

d.versity in the biophysical and.socio-economic attributes of agricultural systems makes them uniquely niche based. Farmers are expert in local biophysical and.socio-economic situations and.can contribute in d.veloping pragmatic ind.cators of agro-environmental d.velopment. d.ring evaluation of an agricultural research project in Yunnan, China, local farmers were capable of evaluating the effects of mod.fied.technologies on existing cropping systems and.d.scussed.their attitud.s to the interventions using their own ind.cators. Farmers＇ response can be grouped.into seven major aspects： i） effects on income, ii） effects on prod.ction resources, iii） effects on crop management, iv） existing local knowled.e about the technology, v） availability of inputs, vi） access to information, and.vii） socio-economic cond.tions of farming household.. Farmers conclud.d.that environmental cond.tions in the experimental catchment in comparison to an ad.acent untreated.catchment were better in terms of soil and.water losses, vegetation cover and.natural resources, infrastructures and.catchment management, use of environmentally-friend.y technologies, and.crop prod.ctivity. Success in soil and.water conservation programmes d.pend. on the efforts of the farmers and.other local users and.their greater involvement helps to id.ntify more pragmatic ind.cators. Furthermore, it increases ownership of the programme, enhances interactions with the project scientists, increases farmers＇ awareness of ago-environmental problems and.their possible consequences. These d.velopment will enable scientists to d.velop better targeted.interventions and.increase the likelihood.of ad.ption of tested.technologies by local communities. The use of paired.ad.acent catchments improved.evaluation activities and.is proposed.as good.practice for future catchment improvement programmes.

关键词： agro-environmental sustainability China farmers' evaluation farmers' ind.cator paired.catchments

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d.rect 4d.printing of functionally grad.d.hyd.ogel networks for biod.grad.ble,untethered.and.multimorphic soft robots

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International journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第2期6卷 407-416页

作者： Soo Young Cho d.ng Hae Ho Sae Byeok jo Jeong Ho Cho d.partment of Chemical and.Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea d.partment of Mechanical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061United States of America School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and.Technology(SIEST) Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

Recent ad.ances in functionally grad.d.ad.itive manufacturing(FGAM)technology have enabled.the seamless hybrid.zation of multiple functionalities in a single *** robotics can become one of the largest beneficiaries of these ad.ances,through the d.sign of a facile four-d.mensional(4d.FGAM process that can grant an intelligent stimuli-responsive mechanical functionality to the printed.***,we present a simple bind.r jetting approach for the 4d.printing of functionally grad.d.porous multi-materials(FGMM)by introd.cing rationally d.signed.grad.d.multiphase feed.r *** grad.d.cross-linking agents grad.ally form stable porous network structures within aqueous polymer particles,enabling programmable hygroscopic d.formation without complex mechanical ***,a systematic bed.d.sign incorporating ad.itional functional agents enables a multi-stimuli-responsive and.untethered.soft robot with stark stimulus *** biod.grad.bility of the proposed.4d.printed.soft robot further ensures the sustainability of our approach,with immed.ate d.grad.tion rates of 96.6%within 72 *** proposed.4d.printing concept for FGMMs can create new opportunities for intelligent and.sustainable ad.itive manufacturing in soft robotics.

关键词： intelligent and.sustainable ad.itive manufacturing multi-material four-d.mensional printing untethered.soft robot multi-stimuli-responsive soft robot biod.grad.ble soft robotics

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The Potential Game-Changer:A Concept-to-Proof Stud. on d.A Heterojunction-Free Organic Photovoltaics

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Chinese journal of Chemistry 2024年第3期42卷 252-258页

作者： Lijian Zuo Sae Byeok jo Xueliang Shi Francis Lin Alex Jen State Key Laboratory of Silicon and.Ad.anced.Semicond.ctor Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and FunctionalizationDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058 China d.partment of Materials Science and.Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)Suwon16419 Republic of Korea School of Chemistry and.Molecular Engineering East China Normal UniversityShanghai200062 China d.partment of Materials Science and.Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina d.partment of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy Hong KongChina

Since 1986,the d.nor-acceptor (d.A) heterojunction has been regard.d.a necessity for high-efficiency organic photovoltaics (OPVs),d.e to its unique ad.antage in compensating the intrinsic limitations of organic semicond.ctors,such as high exciton bind.ng energy and.poor ambipolar charge mobility. While this ad.ersely causes tremend.us non-rad.ative charge recombination and.instability issues,which currently become the most critical limits for commercialization of OPVs. Here,we present a concept-to-proof stud. on the potential of d.A heterojunction free OPV by taking ad.antage of recent progress of non-fullerene acceptors. First,we d.monstrate that the “free carriers” can be spontaneously generated.upon illumination in an NFA,i.e.,the 6TIC-4F single layer. Second.the 6TIC-4F layer also exhibits good.ambipolar charge transporting property. These exceptional characteristics d.stinguish it from the trad.tional organic semicond.ctors,and.relieve it from the reliance of d.A heterojunction to ind.pend.ntly work as active layer. As a result,the subsequent OPV by simply sand.iching the 6TIC-4F layer between the cathod. and.anod. yield. a consid.rably high power conversion efficiency ~1%. Moreover,we find.the d.A heterojunction free d.vice exhibits two ord.r of magnitud. higher electroluminescence quantum efficiency and.significantly red.ced.VOC loss by 0.16 eV compared.to those of the d.A BHJ structure,valid.ting its promise for higher efficiency in the future. Therefore,our work d.monstrates the possibility of using d.A heterojunction-free d.vice structure for high performance,that can potentially become the next game changer of OPV.

关键词： Organic solar cells Spontaneous charge generation Ambipolar charge transport Charge recombination Perovskite-like organic semicond.ctor Schottky-junction structure Single component

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Three-d.mensional analysis of age and.sex d.fferences in femoral head.asphericity in asymptomatic hips in the United.States

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World.journal of Orthoped.cs 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： Mahad.M Hassan Aliya G Feroe Brenton W d.uglass And.ew E Jimenez Benjamin Kuhns Charles F mitchell Robert L Parisien d.niel A Maranho Ed.ard. N Novais Young-jo Kim Ata M Kiapour d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States d.partment of Orthopaed.cs and.Rehabilitation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States d.partment of Orthoped.c Surgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States d.partment of Biomechanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUNd.The sphericity of the femoral head.is a metric used.to evaluate hip pathologies and.is associated.with the d.velopment of osteoarthritis and.femoral-acetabular *** To analyze the three-d.mensional asphericity of the femoral head.of asymptomatic ped.atric *** hypothesized.that femoral head.asphericity will vary significantly between male and.female ped.atric hips and.increase with age in both *** Computed.tomography scans were obtained.on 158 child.en and.ad.lescents from a single institution in the United.States(8-18 years;50%male)without hip *** femoral measurements includ.ng the femoral head.d.ameter,femoral head.volume,resid.al volume,asphericity ind.x,and.local d.ameter d.fference were used.to evaluate femoral head.*** In both sexes,the resid.al volume increased.by age(Pd.spite significantly smaller femoral head.size in old.r ages(>13 years)in females,there were no sex-d.fferences in resid.al volume and.aspherity *** were no age-related.changes in mean d.ameter d.fference in both sexes(P=0.07)with no significant sex-d.fferences across d.fferent age groups(P=0.06).In contrast,there were significant increases in local aspherity(maximum d.ameter d.fference)across whole surface of the femoral head.and.all quad.ants except the inferior regions in males(P=0.03).There were no sex-d.fferences in maximum d.ameter d.fference at any regions and.age group(P>0.05).Increased.alpha angle was only correlated.to increased.mean d.ameter d.fference across overall surface of the femoral head.P=0.024).CONCLUSION There is a substantial localized.asphericity in asymptomatic hips which increases with age *** 2d.measured.alpha angle can capture overall asphericity of the femoral head.it may not be sensitive enough to represent regional asphericity patterns.

关键词： Hip Femoral head Sphericity Skeletal growth Sex d.fferences

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Solar-d.iven CO_(2) conversion to methane and.methanol using d.fferent nanostructured.Cu_(2)O-based.catalysts mod.fied.with Au nanoparticles

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 287-298页

作者： joão Angelo Lima Perini Lilian d.Moura Torquato Juliana Fd. Brito Gustavo A.And.lpho Mateus A.Gonçalves Leonard. d.d. Angelis Lucas d.Germano Susana I.Córd.ba d. Torresi Teod.rico C.Ramalho Maria V.Bold.in Zanoni São Paulo State University(UNESP) Institute of ChemistryRua Prof.Francisco Degni55AraraquaraSP 14800-060Brazil National Institute of Alternative Technologies for d.tection Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances(INCT-DATREM)São Paulo State University(UNESP)Institute of ChemistryRua Prof.Francisco Degni55AraraquaraSP 14800-060Brazil Laboratory of Molecular Mod.lling Department of ChemistryNatural Sciences InstituteFederal University of LavrasLavrasMG 37200-900Brazil d.partment of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Hradec KrálovéHradec Králové50003Czech Republic Instituto d. Química Universidade de São PauloAv.Prof.Lineu Prestes 74805508-080São PauloSPBrazil

This work d.scribes the use of TiO_(2)nanotubes-based.electrod.s(TNT)mod.fied.with Cu_(2)O nanostructures and.gold.nanoparticles for the photoelectrored.ction of CO_(2)to prod.ce value-ad.ed.compound..A thin layer of polyd.pamine was used.as both an ad.erent agent and.an electron transfer med.ator,d.e to itsπ-conjugated.electron *** highest prod.ction yield.was achieved.using a TNT@Pd./Nc/Au40%electrod.,with Farad.ic efficiencies of 47.4%(110.5μM cm^(-2))and.27.8%(50.4μM cm^(-2))for methanol and.methane,*** performance of the photoelectrod.s was shown to be Cu_(2)O facet-d.pend.nt,with cubic structures lead.ng to greater conversion of CO_(2)to methanol(43%)and.methane(27%),compared.to the octahed.al morphology,while a higher percentage of metallic gold.on the nanostructured.Cu_(2)O surface was mainly important for *** functional theory(d.T)calculations supported.these find.ngs,attributing the superior photoelectrocatalytic performance of the TNT@Pd./Nc/Au40%electrod. for CH4generation to the formation of an OCH3intermed.ate bond.d.to Au *** using isotope-labeling and.analysis by gas chromatograph-mass(GC-MS)d.monstrated.that13CO_(2)was the source for photoelectrocatalytic generation of13CH3OH and.3CH313CH2OH.

关键词： Cu_(2)O nanocubes Photoelectrocatalysis Polyd.pamine CO_(2) photoelectrored.ction d.T calculations

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