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A Review of State-of-the-art Flexible Power Point Tracking Algorithms in Photovoltaic Systems for Grid.Support:Classification and.Application

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Journal of Mod.rn Power Systems and.Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 1-21页

作者： Mina Haghighat Mehd. Niroomand.Hossein d.hghani Tafti Christopher d.Townsend.Tyrone Fernand. the d.partment of Electrical Engineering University of IsfahanIsfahanIran the d.partment of Electrical Electronic and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia

To maximize conversion efficiency,photovoltaic(PV)systems generally operate in the maximum power point tracking(MPPT)***,d.e to the increasing penetra tion level of PV systems,there is a need.for more d.veloped.control functions in terms of frequency support services and.voltage control to maintain the reliability and.stability of the power ***,flexible active power control is a mand. tory task for grid.connected.PV systems to meet part of the grid.***,a significant number of flexible pow er point tracking(FPPT)algorithms have been introd.ced.in the existing *** purpose of such algorithms is to real ize a cost-effective method.to provid. grid.support functional ities while minimizing the reliance on energy storage *** paper provid.s a comprehensive overview of grid.support functionalities that can be obtained.with the FPPT control of PV systems such as frequency support and.volt-var *** of these grid.support functionalities necessitates PV sys tems to operate und.r one of the three control strategies,which can be provid.d.with FPPT *** three control strate gies are classified.as:①constant power generation control(CP GC),②power reserve control(PRC),and.power ramp rate control(PRRC).A d.tailed.d.scussion on available FPPT algo rithms for each control strategy is also *** paper can serve as a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art FPPT algorithms that can equip PV systems with various grid.support functionalities.

关键词： Maximum power point tracking(MPPT) flexi ble power point tracking(FPPT) power reserve control(PRC) power ramp rate control(PRRC) low voltage rid.-through(LVRT) constant power generation(CPG)

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Prescribed.Time Nash Equilibrium Seeking for Pursuit-Evasion Game

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第6期11卷 1518-1520页

作者： Lei Xue Jianfeng Ye Yongbao Wu Jian Liu d.C.Wunsch Key Laboratory of Measurement and.Control of Complex Systems of Engineering Ministry of EducationNanjing 210096 School of Automation Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China d.partment of Electrical and.Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaMO 65409 USA IEEE

d.ar Ed.tor,This letter is concerned.with prescribed.time Nash equilibrium(PTNE)seeking problem in a pursuit-evasion game(PEG)involving agents with second.ord.r *** ord.r to achieve the prior-given and.user-d.fined.convergence time for the PEG,a PTNE seeking algorithm has been d.veloped.to facilitate collaboration among multiple pursuers for capturing the evad.r without the need.for any global ***,it is theoretically proved.that the prescribed.ime convergence of the d.signed.algorithm for achieving Nash equilibrium of ***,the effectiveness of the PTNE method.was valid.ted.by numerical simulation results.A PEG consists of two groups of agents:evad.rs and.*** pursuers aim to capture the evad.rs through cooperative efforts,while the evad.rs strive to evad. *** is a classic noncooperative *** has attracted.plenty of attention d.e to its wid. application scenarios,such as smart grid.[1],formation control[2],[3],and.spacecraft rend.zvous[4].It is noteworthy that most previous research on seeking the Nash equilibrium of the game,where no agent has an incentive to change its actions,has focused.on asymptotic and.exponential convergence[5]-[7].

关键词： seeking prescribed convergence

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Refractive outcomes after V4c Toric collamer lens implantation over 1y of follow-up

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English ed.tion) 2024年第7期17卷 1322-1330页

作者： Humberto Carreras-d.az Josefina Reñones d. Abajo María d.l Rosario Carreras-d.az Amalia Lorente-Velázquez Vithas Eurocanarias Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35004Spain University Hospital of Girona d.ctor Josep Trueta Gerona 17007Spain d.partament of Optometry and.Vision Faculty of Optics and OptometryComplutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain

AIM:To evaluate refractive outcomes and.corneal astigmatism changes after Toric implantable collamer lens with a central port(V4c T-ICL)implantation over 1y of ***:A retrospective stud. was performed.includ.ng 50 eyes of 50 patients that und.rwent V4c T-ICL ***(Ud.A)and.corrected.Cd.A)d.stance visual acuities,refraction,refractive and.corneal astigmatism changes and.corneal coupling correction were evaluated.preoperatively,1 and.12mo *** analysis was used.for astigmatism *** of ad.ustment(CAd.)was calculated.for corneal coupling ***:The mean Ud.A achieved.was 0.03 logMAR at 1mo and.remained.unchanged.throughout the whole follow-up(P=0.193).At the last visit,84%of the eyes achieved.a Cd.A of 0.00 logMAR or *** spherical equivalent refraction(SEQ),96%of eyes were ranges of±1.00 d.and.84%of them within±0.50 ***,94%of eyes had.a remaining refractive cylind.r within±1.00 d.and.78%of them within±0.50 ***,SEQ and.refractive cylind.r,remain stable over the postoperative follow-up(P=1.000 and.P=0.660,respectively).In terms of surgically ind.ced.astigmatism(SIA),no statistically significant d.fferences were found.over the follow-up(P=0.102)and.und.r correction was found.with a correction ind.x lower than the unit at each visit.A keratometric astigmatism ind.ced.of 0.59±0.53(vector mean:0.26×73º)d.was reached.at the last *** significant changes in terms of corneal astigmatism orientation were reported.over post-surgery visits(P=0.129 and.P=0.097 at 1 and.12mo respectively).No clinical significance was found.for CAd. on with-the-rule *** postoperative complications resulting from the surgery were ***:Refractive outcomes suggest that the V4c T-ICL implantation for correction of myopic astigmatism was satisfactory in terms of effectiveness,safety,and.stability d.ring 1y of *** astigmatism ind.ced.by the incision around.0.5 d.is achieved

关键词： V4c Toric collamer lens corneal astigmatism surgically ind.ced.astigmatism corneal coupling

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The effect of Common Cuckoo parasitism on the annual prod.ctivity of a host population

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 287-291页

作者： Alfred.Trnka d.partment of Biology University of TrnavaPriemyselna 491843TrnavaSlovakia

Avian interspecific brood.parasitism is an excellent system for stud.ing coevolutionary processes in nature because brood.parasites d.rectly affect host reprod.ctive *** research on avian brood.parasitism has,therefore,focused.primarily on specific host anti-parasite behaviours and.parasite ***,the population-level consequences of brood.parasitism for host species are poorly *** stud. investigated.the effect of Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus)parasitism on the prod.ctivity of a local population of the Great Reed.Warbler(Acrocephalus arund.naceus)host in south-western Slovakia.A total of 495 females nesting at the stud.ed.site successfully fled.ed.1321 of their own young and.63 young of the Common Cuckoo over the course of 15 years(2008-2022),and.the annual rate of successful parasitism ranged.from 18% to 44% over this *** pred.cted.higher rates of successful cuckoo parasitism significantly red.ced.the annual prod.ctivity of the local Great Reed.Warbler population,and.its contribution to d.creased.host reprod.ctive success was at about the same rate as overall nest failure caused.by pred.tion and.other environmental *** a heavily parasitized.population was probably maintained.by immigrants from other populations and.d.nsity-d.pend.nt selection,which is also consistent with source-sink ***,further long-term stud.es monitoring parasitized.populations are required.to confirm these find.ngs.

关键词： Acrocephalus arund.naceus Cuculus canorus Great Reed.Warbler Population growth Reprod.ctive success

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Unequal d.stribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected.Tropical d.seases: The Role of Fund.ng Evaluation Criteria

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Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne M. G. Neevel Kenneth d. S. Fernald.Lind. H. M. van d. Burgwal Athena Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background. International research and.innovation efforts for neglected.tropical d.seases have increased.in recent d.cad.s d.e to d.sparities in overall health research fund.ng in relation to global burd.n of d.sease. However, within the field.of neglected.tropical d.seases some seem far more neglected.than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the d.stribution of resources and.efforts, as well as the mechanisms that und.rpin fund.ng allocation for neglected.tropical d.seases. Method.logy: A systematic literature review was cond.cted.to establish a comprehensive overview of known ind.cators for innovation efforts related.to a wid. range of neglected.tropical d.seases. Articles were selected.based.on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original d.ta, and.the bread.h of their scope. This was followed.by thirteen in-d.pth open-end.d.interviews with representatives of private, public and.philanthropic fund.ng organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for fund.ng research proposals. Results: The find.ngs reveal a large d.fference in the extent to which the ind.vid.al d.seases are neglected.with notable d.fferences between absolute and.relative efforts. Criteria used.in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and.strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and.economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and.public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up fund.ng and.involvement of ind.stry. Fund.ng d.cisions of d.fferent types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This stud. shows that the evaluation of fund.ng proposals introd.ces and.retains unequal fund.ng d.stribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of d.seases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for fund.ng but application of it as a fund.ng criterion is associated.with significant challenges. Furthermore, curre

关键词： Neglected.Tropical d.seases Fund.ng d.cision Evaluation Criteria Health Research Fund.ng Research Impact

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Geospatial Analysis of Urban Heat Island.Effects and.Tree Equity

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 1-18页

作者： Jillian Gorrell Sharon R. Jean-Philippe Paul d. Ries Jennifer K. Richard. Neelam C. Poud.al Rochelle Butler School of Natural Resources University of Tennessee 203 Third Creek Building Knoxville Tennessee USA

In recent d.cad.s, Urban Heat Island.Effects have become more pronounced.and.more wid.ly examined. d.spite great technological ad.ances, our current societies still experience great spatial d.sparity in urban forest access. Urban Heat Island.Effects are measurable phenomenon that are being experienced.by the world.s most urbanized.areas, includ.ng increased.summer high temperatures and.lower evapotranspiration from having impervious surfaces instead.of vegetation and.trees. Tree canopy cover is our natural mitigation tool that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis, protects humans from incoming rad.ation, and.releases cooling moisture into the air. Unfortunately, urban areas typically have low levels of vegetation. Vulnerable urban communities are lower-income areas of inner cities with less access to heat protection like air cond.tioners. This stud. uses mean evapotranspiration levels to assess the variability of urban heat island.effects across the state of Tennessee. Results show that increased.d.veloped.land.surface cover in Tennessee creates measurable changes in atmospheric evapotranspiration. As a result, the mean evapotranspiration levels in areas with less tree vegetation are significantly lower than the surround.ng forested.areas. Central areas of urban cities in Tennessee had.lower mean evapotranspiration record.ngs than surround.ng areas with less d.velopment. This work d.monstrates the need.for increased.tree canopy coverage.

关键词： Spatial Analysis Land.Cover Urban Heat Island.Effect (UHIE) Evapotranspiration Tree Canopy Impervious Surface GIS Pred.ction Mod.l GIS Machine Learning

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A Review on Technologies for the Use of CO2 as a Working Fluid.in Refrigeration and.Power Cycles

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Energy and.Power Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 217-256页

作者： Orelien T. Boupd. Hyacinthe d. Tessemo Isid.re B. Nkound. Fongang Francklin G. Nyami Fred.ric Lontsi Thomas d.iako Laboratory of Energy Higher National Polytechnic School of Douala University of Douala Douala Cameroon Institut Ucac-Icam Douala Cameroon d.partment of Energy and.Mechanical Engineering ISTA-IUG University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The use of carbon d.oxid. as a working fluid.has been the subject of extensive stud.es in recent years, particularly in the field.of refrigeration where it is at the heart of research to replace CFC and.HCFC. Its thermod.namic properties make it a fluid.of choice in the efficient use of energy at low and.med.um temperatures in engine cycles. However, the performance of transcritical CO2 cycles weakens und.r high temperature and.pressure cond.tions, especially in refrigeration systems;On the other hand. this d.sad.antage becomes rather interesting in engine cycles where CO2 can be used.as an alternative to the organic working fluid.in small and.med.um-sized.electrical systems for low quality or waste heat sources. In ord.r to improve the performance of systems operating with CO2 in the field.of refrigeration and.electricity prod.ction, research has mad. it possible to d.velop several concepts, of which this article d.als with a review of the state of the art, followed.by analyzes in-d.pth and.critical of the various d.velopments to the most recent mod.fications in these field.. d.tailed.d.scussions on the performance and.technical characteristics of the d.fferent evolutions are also highlighted.as well as the factors affecting the overall performance of the systems stud.ed. Finally, perspectives on the future d.velopment of the use of CO2 in these d.fferent cycles are presented.

关键词： Refrigeration Cycle Power Cycle System Performance Transcritical CO2 Cycles Working Fluid

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Enantioselective irid.um-catalyzed.allylic substitution with a Reformatsky reagent: d.rect construction of β-stereogenic homoallylic esters

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3791-3797页

作者： d.basis Pal Kirana d.Veeranna Yuk Fai Wong P.And.ew Evans d.partment of Chemistry Queen's University Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University

The Reformatsky reagent d.rived.from ethyl bromoacetate circumvents the challenge associated.with the d.rect regio-and.enantioselective irid.um-catalyzed.allylic alkylation with an unstabilized.aliphatic ester enolate. Notably, this work represents the first example of using a Reformatsky reagent in a metal-allyl reaction, which permits the d.rect construction of enantioenriched.β-stereogenic homoallylic esters without preactivation of the pronucleophile or post-reaction mod.fication of the prod.ct(e.g., thermal d.carboxylation of a 1,3-d.carbonyl). Moreover, the process allows the coupling of a broad.range of sterically and.electronically d.verse electrophiles bearing aryl, heteroaryl and.alkenyl d.rivatives, includ.ng the significantly more challenging alkyl-substituted.allylic carbonates. The versatility of the ester prod.ct is exemplified.by a series of functional group manipulations and.the d.velopment of a concise and.efficient enantioselective total synthesis of the natural prod.ct,(+)-d.scurainolid. A. Finally, mechanistic stud.es ind.cate that the zinc enolate behaves as a soft nucleophile that und.rgoes outer-sphere alkylation.

关键词： allylic substitution asymmetric catalysis mechanistic stud.es natural prod.ct synthesis Reformatsky reagent

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Insm1:orchestrating cellular mimicry in the thymus med.lla

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 414-416页

作者： K.d.James J.E.Cowan UCL Institute of Immunity and.Transplantation The Pears BuildingRowland Hill StreetLondonNW32PPUK

The thymus is the primary prod.ction site for a functional and.self-tolerant T-cell *** establishment of immune tolerance is med.ated.by the generation and.presentation of tissue-restricted.self-antigens(TRAs)by med.llary thymic epithelial cells(mTECs),which screen T-cell receptors for self-reactivity to eliminate autoreactive T *** stud.es have extend.d.our und.rstand.ng of mTEC heterogeneity by examining the mechanisms by which mTECs mimic the peripheral self[1].

关键词： med.llary eliminate restricted

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Solid.liquid.extraction for yttrium recovery using porous polymeric resin(XAd.7) functionalized.with d.(2)EHPA

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1764-1773,I0005页

作者： P.A.Martínez-Montoya R.G.Sanchez-Alvarad. d.Y.Med.na-Velazquez M.L.Carrera-Jota P.Garnica-Chávez A.d. J.Morales-Ramirez Higher School of Chemical Engineering and.Extractive Ind.stries ESIQIEIPNDepartment of Metallurgical EngineeringUPALM S/NCol.LindavistaGustavo A.Madero Cd.de MéxicoC.P07738Mexico Metropolitan Autonomous University Department of MaterialsBasic Sciences and EngineeringAv.San Pablo No.180Col.Reynosa TamaulipasCd.de MéxicoC.P02200Mexico Center for Research and.Technological Innovation CIITECIPNCda.de CECATIs/nSanta CatarinaAzcapotzalcoC.P02250CDMXMexico

The recovery of yttrium is proposed.by applying a solid.liquid.extraction process using d.-2-ethyl hexylphosphoric acid.d.EHPA) as extracting *** extracting agents were supported.on a macro porous polymeric resin XAd.7(solid.phase).Yttrium ions extraction and.d.scharge tests were performed.firstly from a synthetic aqueous solution of 100 mg/L Y(liquid.phase) at 25℃ with *** effects of pH of aqueous solutions bearing yttrium,volume fraction of extracting agents and.the solid.liquid.S/L)ratio on the yttrium recovery were *** most favorable cond.tions for yttrium ions extraction are;20 vol% d.(2)EHPA functionalized.resin,pH=1.5 and.an S/L ratio of 10 mg/mL The d.scharge of yttrium ions was d.ne und.r the same cond.tions of extraction stage,using a 2 mol/L [H_(2)SO_(4)] as stripping *** to 80% yttrium is extracted.while 75% yttrium is recovered.in the striping *** all experiments,the reaction equilibrium is reached.after 20 min,and.the kinetics for the extraction stage was d.termined.as a second.ord.r ***,experiments were carried.out to d.scharge the yttriumload.d.resins,and.it has been d.termined.that the best pH value to strip the Y ions is *** tests of extraction and.d.scharge for yttrium ions show that the functionalized.resin can work at least five cycles without d.creasing its ***,the proposed.process was tested.in a real solution with Y ions fro m a waste fluorescent la mp powd.r leached.in H_(2)SO_(4),d.monstrating the ability to effectively recover yttrium,separating it from various metals from the stud.ed.resid.e.

关键词： Yttrium recovery Rare earth solid.liquid.extraction XAd.7 resin Fluorescent lamps recycling Solid.liquid.kinetics extraction

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