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A spotlight on dosage and subject selection for effective neuroprotection: exploring the central role of mitochondria

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1081-1082页

作者： John Mitrofanis Jonathan stone Michael R.Hamblin Pierre Magistretti Alim-Louis Benabid Glen Jeffery Fonds Clinatec UniversitéGrenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance School of Medical Science University of SydneySydneyAustralia Faculty of Health Sciences University of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa King Abdullah University of Science and Technology ThuwalSaudi Arabia Institute of Ophthalmology University College LondonLondonUK

Neurons are notoriously vulnerable cell *** the slightest change in their internal and/or external environments will cause much distress and dysfunction,leading often to their death.A range of pathological conditions,including stroke,head trauma,and neurodegenerative disease,can generate stress in neurons,affecting their survival and proper *** most neural pathologies,mitochondria become dysfunctional and this plays a pivotal role in the process of cell *** challenge over the last few decades has been to develop effective interventions that improve neuronal homeostasis under pathological *** interventions,often referred to as disease-modifying or neuroprotective,have,however,proved frustratingly elusive,at both preclinical and,in particular,clinical *** this perspective,we highlight two factors that we feel are key to the development of effective neuroprotective *** are:firstly,the choice of dose of intervention and method of application,and secondly,the selection of subjects,whether they be patients or the animal model.

关键词： protective dosage distress

Unfolded protein response in myelin disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第4期15卷 636-645页

作者： Wensheng Lin Sarrabeth stone Department of Neuroscience University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Institute for Translational Neuroscience University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA

Activation of the unfolded protein response in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress preserves cell viability and function under stressful ***,persistent,unresolvable activation of the unfolded protein response can trigger apoptosis to eliminate stressed *** studies show that the unfolded protein response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various disorders of myelin,including multiples sclerosis,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease,vanishing white matter disease,spinal cord injury,tuberous sclerosis complex,and hypoxia-induced perinatal white matter *** this review we summarize the current literature on the unfolded protein response and the evidence for its role in the pathogenesis of myelin disorders.

关键词： axon ER multiples sclerosis myelin oligodendrocyte Schwann cell spinal cord injury UPR

Professor Donald stone: Experiencing China

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国际人才交流 2018年第12期 62-64页

作者： Donald stone

In2006,afterhavingdevotednearlyfortyyearstoteaching English literature at the City University of New York, as well asHarvardUniversity(asvisitingprofessor)andNewYork University (as adjunct professor), I had the good fortune to be invited to teach in the English Department at Peking ***,IhavetaughttheundergraduateEnglishnovelscourse(JaneAustentoJamesJoyce)

关键词：英语小说课程研究教学方法

The Status of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine in the United States

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第4期20卷 243-249页

作者： Jennifer A.M.stone Department of Radiation Oncology Indiana University School of Medicine

Since its first mention in U.S. media in the early 1970s, the practiceof acupuncture and Oriental medicine （AOM） has grown in stature from a fringe,counter-culture movement to a valid, evidenced-based treatment option for *** the last 40 years, AOM schools and colleges have been accredited by the *** of Education, offering both masters and doctoral degree programs. Todate, forty-seven states and the District of Columbia license or certify acupuncturistsbased on competency proven through state examination or professional certificationby the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine（NCCAOM）. As acceptance of AOM in the U.S. has increased through both theassurance of psychometrically sound certification and the education of the Americanpublic on this topic, many challenges have emerged. Problems such as theunderemployment of AOM clinicians, methodological hurdles for the investigation of mechanisms, and efficacyof acupuncture and other AOM treatment techniques have been observed. Investigative challenges also includegaps in research training as well as a dearth of the basic resources needed to conduct randomized controlledtrials （RCTs）. As AOM research has sought integration into the Western research model, problems have beenidentified in the design of AOMRCTs, and strategies for their resolution through methods such as translationalresearch have been examined. Incorporating these strategies as well as efficacy, effectiveness, and qualitativemeasures will strengthen the evidence base and thus provide clinical decision makers with more tools that canbe used to design patient treatment regimens.

关键词： acupuncture Oriental medicine status research United States challenges

An inexpensive underwater mine countermeasures simulator with real-time 3D after action review

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第5期12卷 367-379页

作者： Robert stone Timothy SNELL Neil COOKE Human Interface Technologies Team University of Birmingham UK University of Birmingham UK

This paper presents the results of a concept capability demonstration pilot study, the aim of which was to investigate how inexpensive gaming software and hardware technologies could be exploited in the development and evaluation of a simulator prototype for training Royal Navy mine clearance divers, specifically focusing on the detection and accurate reporting of the location and condition of underwater ordnance. The simulator was constructed using the Blender open source 3D modelling toolkit and game engine, and featured not only an interactive 3D editor for underwater scenario generation by instructors, but also a real-time, 3D After Action Review(AAR) system for formative assessment and *** simulated scenarios and AAR architecture were based on early human factors observations and briefings conducted at the UK's Defence Diving School(DDS), an organisation that provides basic military diving training for all Royal Navy and Army(Royal Engineers) divers. An experimental pilot study was undertaken to determine whether or not basic navigational and mine detection components of diver performance could be improved as a result of exposing participants to the AAR system, delivered between simulated diving scenarios. The results suggest that the provision of AAR was accompanied by significant performance improvements in the positive identification of simulated underwater ordnance(in contrast to non-ordnance objects) and on participants' description of their location, their immediate in-water or seabed context and their structural condition. Only marginal improvements were found with participants' navigational performance in terms of their deviation accuracies from a pre-programmed expert search path. Overall, this project contributes to the growing corpus of evidence supporting the development of simulators that demonstrate the value of exploiting open source gaming software and the significance of adopting established games design techniques in delivering highly

关键词： Simulation Virtual reality Diver training Ordnance disposal Mine clearance

Cover Crops as Affecting Soil Chemical and Physical Properties and Development of Upland Rice and Soybean Cultivated in Rotation

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Rice science 2018年第6期25卷 340-349页

作者： Adriano Stephan NASCENTE Luis Fernando stone Embrapa Arroz e Feij(CNPAF) Rodovia GO-462km 12 Zona RuralCP.17975375-000Santo Antoio de GoiasGOBrasil

Cover crops can provide changes in soil chemical and physical properties, which could allow a sustainable development of soybean and upland rice rotation in Brazilian Cerrado. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cover crops(cultivated in the offseason) in the soybean-upland rice rotation(cultivated in the summer season) on the soil chemical and physical properties, yield components and grain yield of the cash crops. The experimental design was a randomized block design in factorial scheme 4 × 2 with six replications. Treatments were composed by four cover crops: fallow, millet(Pennisetum glaucum) + Crotalaria ochroleuca, millet + pigeon pea(Cajanus cajans), and millet + pigeon pea + Urochola ruziziensis in the offseason with one or two cycles of cover crops, with rice(Oryza sativa)or soybean(Glycine max) in the summer season. Cover crops alone provided no changes in soil chemical properties. However, the rotation cover crops/cash crops/cover crops/cash crops reduced p H, Al and H + Al and increased Ca, Mg, K and Fe contents in the soil. The cover crops millet + pigeon pea and millet + pigeon pea + U. ruziziensis improved soil physical properties in relation to fallow,especially in the 0–0.10 m soil layer. In spite of the improvement of the soil physical properties after two years of rotation with cover crops and cash crops, the soil physical quality was still below the recommended level, showing values of macroporosity, S index and soil aeration capacity lower than 0.10 m3/m3, 0.035 and 0.34, respectively. Upland rice production was higher under mixtures of cover crops than under fallow, mainly because of soil physical changes done by these mixtures of cover *** grain yield was similar under all cover crops tested, but was higher after the rotation cover crops/upland rice/cover crops than after only one cycle of cover crops.

关键词： crop rotation no-tillage system sustainable agriculture tropical agriculture rice soybean

Role of nuclear factor κB in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第9期13卷 1507-1515页

作者： Yuan Yue Sarrabeth stone Wensheng Lin Department of Neuroscience University of Minnesota Institute for Translational Neuroscience University of Minnesota

The transcription factor nuclear factor κB（NF-κB） plays major roles in inflammatory diseases through regulation of inflammation and cell *** sclerosis（MS） is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system（CNS）.It has been shown that NF-κB is activated in multiple cell types in the CNS of MS patients,including T cells,microglia/macrophages,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and ***,data from animal model studies,particularly studies of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,have suggested that NF-κB activation in these individual cell types has distinct effects on the development of *** this review,we will cover the current literature on NF-κB and the evidence for its role in the development of MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

关键词： multiple sclerosis experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis nuclear-factor κB T cell macrophage microglia astrocyte oligodendrocyte neuron

Recent developments in neuropsychological endophenotypes for schizophrenia: Development of the MATRICS battery, liability syndromes and the near future

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第32期56卷 3385-3393页

作者： stone William S HSI Xiaolu Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts Mental Health Center Division of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115-6092 USA MIT Medical Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge MA 02139 USA

Cognitive deficits are now recognized widely as core features of schizophrenia, and as major contributors to the clinical outcome of the disorder. They are also studied widely as 'endophenotypes', reflecting a growing consensus that schizophrenia is a broader, more multidimensional illness than the diagnostic criteria required for its formal diagnosis. This evolving view of cognition underlies its utilization in recent initiatives for intervention and assessment in schizophrenia. Two of these initiatives are reviewed in this paper. The first focuses on the development and validation of the MATRICS Cognitive Consensus Battery, a standardized battery of neuropsychological tests developed to assess the effectiveness of cognitive enhancing treatments in schizophrenia. A part of this effort includes the identification of performance-based, 'co-primary' measures of functional capacity that are related to cognition, and that are likely to show improvement at least partly as a function of improved cognition. The second initiative involves efforts to utilize neuropsychological deficits in the identification, validation and remediation of a liability syndrome for schizophrenia ('schizotaxia'). The discussion of this effort focuses on the development of a syndrome that is both measurable and meaningful clinically, and that may provide useful intervention targets. The utilization of cognition in both of these initiatives underscores its functional importance in the clinical outcome of schizophrenia. Moreover, it helps to illuminate indicators of liability for schizophrenia that might be amenable to remediation.

关键词：精神分裂症心理测验综合征电池神经稳定责任认知功能

Fo screen or not to screen： the prostate cancer dilemma

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第1期17卷 44-45页

作者： Nelson N stone E David Crawford Departments of Urology and Radiation Oncology The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA Department of Surgery Division of Urology and Radiation Oncology The Anschutz Cancer Center The University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. Aurora. CO. USA.

The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate （ERSPC） has updated their previous seminal report on prostate cancer mortality comparing screened men to controls. Now with 13 years follow-up, the rate ratio of prostate cancer mortality was 0.79 favoring the screened population. The authors concluded that there was a ＂substantial reduction in prostate cancer mortality attributable to testing with prostate-specific antigen （PSA）＂ but they also stated that a＂quantification of harms＂ needed to be addressed. The issue of harms was not addressed by the ERSPC （at least not in this report） and hence this additional statement most likely reflects the controversy currently surrounding the risks associated with over-diagnosis and treatment of indolent diseases inadvertently detected by a screening protocol, In addition, the positive results from this trial conflict with those of the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian （PLCO）2 study and reouire further elaboration.

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