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Microbiome dysbiosis and alcoholic liver disease

Liver Research 2019年第3期3卷 218-226页

作者： Fengyuan Li craig j.mcclain Wenke Feng Department of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyAlcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA

Microbiome dysbiosis is strongly associated with alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Recent studies on comprehensive analyses of microbiome compositional and functional changes have begun to uncover the mechanistic relation between microbiome and the pathogenesis of ***,targeting the microbiome has become a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of *** this review,we summarize the clinical evidence of microbiome dysbiosis in ALD patients,and experimental advances in microbiome and metabolomic functional changes in animals with different species and genetic backgrounds in *** also summarize the studies in humanized intestinal microbiome and fecal microbiota transplantation in *** introduce new developments in the studies on the role of the circulating bacterial microbiome,oral bacterial microbiome and fungal microbiome in the development of *** highlight the potential mechanisms by which microbiome dysbiosis contributes to ALD,including short chain fatty acid changes,bile acid metabolism,intestinal barrier function,release of bacterial and fungal products,and *** addition,we summarize the recent developments targeting the microbiome in prevention and treatment of ALD,including dietary nutrient interference,herbal medicine,antibiotics,anti-fungal agents,probiotics,engineered bacterial therapy,fecal transplantation and oral *** recent preclinical studies have advanced our understanding of the microbiome and ALD,clinical studies,especially prospective studies with large samples,are needed to better understand the cause-effect of microbiome dysbiosis in *** new precision-based strategies targeting the microbiome are expected to be developed as more effective therapies in ALD.©2019 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen *** Services by Elsevier *** behalf of KeAi Communications Co.,*** is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.

关键词： Microbiome Dysbiosis Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)

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Microbiome data analysis with applications to pre-clinical studies using QIIME2: Statistical considerations

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Genes & Diseases 2021年第2期8卷 215-223页

作者： Shesh N.Rai Chen Qian jianmin Pan jayesh P.Rai Ming Song juhi Bagaitkar Michael Merchant Matthew Cave Nejat K.Egilmez craig j.mcclain Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility James Graham Brown Cancer CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA University of Louisville Hepatobiology&Toxicology Center University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA Department of Oral Immunology&Infectious Diseases University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA Department of Medicine University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA Robley Rex Louisville VAMC LouisvilleKY40206USA Department of Microbiology&Immunology University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA

Diversity analysis and taxonomic profiles can be generated from marker-gene sequence data with the help of many available computational *** Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology Version 2(QIIME2)has been widely used for 16S rRNA data *** many articles have demonstrated the use of QIIME2 with suitable datasets,the application to preclinical data has rarely been talked *** issues involved in the pre-clinical data include the low-quality score and small sample size that should be addressed properly during *** addition,there are few articles that discuss the detailed statistical methods behind those alpha and beta diversity significance tests that researchers are eager to *** the program without knowing the logic behind it is extremely *** this article,we first provide a guideline for analyzing 16S rRNA data using *** we will talk about issues in pre-clinical data,and how they could impact the ***,we provide brief explanations of statistical methods such as group significance tests and sample size calculation.

关键词： 16S rRNA gene Alpha diversity ANOVA Beta diversity Bioinformatics Microbiome data QIIME Sample size calculation

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Dietary fatty acids and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in alcoholic liver disease

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Liver Research 2019年第3期3卷 206-217页

作者： Kara H.Zirnheld Dennis R.Warner jeffrey B.Warner josiah E.Hardesty craig j.mcclain Irina A.Kirpich Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA University of Louisville Alcohol Center University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center LouisvilleKYUSA

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)comprises a spectrum of liver pathology,including steatosis,steatohepatitis,and *** work from our group and others suggests that dietary fat,both the amount and composition,plays a pivotal role in ALD development and progression;however,the impact of specific dietary fatty acids on ALD pathogenesis is not fully *** rodent models of ALD revealed the deleterious effects of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-6 PUFAs),specifically linoleic acid(LA),and this may be partially attributed to the increased levels of pro-inflammatory oxidized LA *** is limited understanding regarding the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFAs,such as alpha-linolenic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,and docosahexaenoic acid),and bioactive n-3 PUFAderived lipid molecules in *** that majority of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs-derived metabolites are potent endogenous signaling molecules,knowledge regarding the changes in these lipid mediators may shed new light on the mechanisms contributing to ALD pathogenesis and reveal novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers of this *** current review summarizes relevant scientific literature regarding the role of dietary fat,distinct fatty acids,and bioactive fatty acid metabolites in ALD,and highlights recent advances in the field.

关键词： Dietary fatty acids Bioactive fatty acid metabolites Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-6 PUFAs) Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFAs)

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A randomized controlled trial of Promoting Physical Activity in Regional and Remote Cancer Survivors(PPARCS)

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 81-89页

作者： Sarah j.Hardcastle Chloe Maxwell-Smith Vinicius Cavalheri Terry Boyle Marta Leyton Román Cameron Platell Michael Levitt Christobel Saunders Frank Sardelic Sophie Nightingale jacob McCormick craig Lynch Paul A.Cohen Max Bulsara Dana Hince Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre Sheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldS102BPUK Institute for Health Research The University of Notre DameFremantleWA 6959Australia Curtin School of Population Health Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Curtin School of Allied Health Curtin UniversityPerthWA 6845Australia Allied Health South Metropolitan Health ServiceMurdochWA 6150Australia Australian Centre for Precision Health University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5001Australia Department of Didactics of Musical Plastic and Body ExpressionUniversity of ExtremaduraCaceres 10071Spain St.john of God Subiaco Hospital PerthWA 6008Australia Department of Surgery University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3010Australia Tamara Private Hospital TamworthNSW 2340Australia Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre MelbourneVIC 3000Australia College of Health and Medicine Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Medical SchoolUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia

Background:Physical activity(PA)is important for cancer *** of remotely delivered interventions are needed to assist in reaching under-served non-metropolitan cancer *** objective of this study was to ascertain whether wearable technology,coupled with health coaching was effective in increasing PA in breast and colorectal cancer survivors living in regional and remote areas in ***:Cancer survivors from 5 states were randomized to intervention and control *** participants were given a Fitbit Charge 2TMand received up to 6 telephone health coaching *** participants received PA print *** assessments at baseline and 12 weeks measured moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),light PA,and sedentary ***:Eighty-seven participants were recruited(age=63±11 years;74(85%)female).There was a significant net improvement in MVPA of 49.8 min/week,favoring the intervention group(95%confidence interval(95%CI):13.6-86.1,p=0.007).There was also a net increase in MVPA bouts of 39.5 min/week(95%CI:11.9-67.1,p=0.005),favoring the intervention *** groups improved light PA and sedentary behavior,but there were no between-group ***:This’s the first study to demonstrate that,when compared to standard practice(i.e.,PA education),a wearable technology intervention coupled with distance-based health coaching,improves MVPA in non-metropolitan cancer *** results display promise for the use of scalable interventions using smart wearable technology in conjunction with phone-based health coaching to foster increased PA in geographically disadvantaged cancer survivors.

关键词： Behavior change Exercise Health disparities Oncology Wearable technology

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Prehospital transdermal glyceryl trinitrate for ultra- acute ischaemic stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- controlled ambulance trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： jason Philip Appleton Lisa j Woodhouse craig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley Cala Mark Dixon Timothy j England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir john Potter Christopher I Price Marc Randall Thompson G Robinson Christine Roffe Else C Sandset jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearch University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Faculty of Medicine The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute China at Peking University Health Science Center BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psychology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob Champion Research and Education Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neuroscience Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Research in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Research and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and Comprehensive Stroke Center David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Research and Graduate Services University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Community and Health Research Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Background The effect of transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on clinical outcome when administered before hospital admission in suspected stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and efficacy of GTN in the prespecified subgroup of patients who had an ischaemic stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulance-based multicentre sham-controlled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outcome was a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale(mRS)at day *** outcomes included death;a global analysis(Wei-Lachin test)containing Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for cognitive status-modified and Zung depression scale;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted common OR(acOR),mean difference or Mann-Whitney difference(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow Coma Scale 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was common:median score 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influence the primary outcome(acOR for increased disability 1.15,95%CI 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%CI-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-significant interactions suggesting GTN may be associated with more death and dependency in participants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an ischaemic stroke,ultra-acute administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulance did not improve clinical outcomes in a population with more clinical and radiological frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC⇒Transdermal glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)was associat-ed with less death and dependency in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

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Psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy:population co-occurrence,genetic correlations and causal effects

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 103-111页

作者： Viktor H Ahlqvist Christina Dardani Paul Madley-Dowd Harriet Forbes jessica Rast Caichen Zhong Renee M Gardner Christina Dalman Kristen Lyal craig Newschaffer Torbjorn Tomson Michael Lundberg Daniel Berglind Neil M Davies Brian K Lee Cecilia Magnusson Dheeraj Rai Department of Global Public Health Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK Centre for Academic Mental Health Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK A.j.Drexel Autism Institute Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePAUSA Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine Region StockholmStockholmSweden K.G jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology Department of Public Health and NursingNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Division of Psychiatry University Collge LondonLondonUK Department of Statistical Sciences University Cllge LondonLondonK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of BristoBristolUK Avon and Wiltshire Partnership NHS Mental Health TrustBristolUK

Background Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with *** for the co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions and epilepsy remain poorly *** We aimed to triangulate the relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric conditions to determine the extent and possible origins of these *** Using nationwide Swedish health registries,we quantified the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with *** then used summarydata from genome-wide association studies to investigate whether the identified observational associations could be attributed to a shared underlying genetic aetiology using cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score ***,we assessed the potential bidirectional relationships using two-sample Mendelian *** In a cohort of 7628495 individuals,we found that almost half of the 94435 individuals diagnosed with epilepsy were also diagnosed with a psychiatric condition in their lifetime(adjusted lifetime prevalence,44.09%;95%confidence interval(Cl)43.78%to 44.39%).We found evidence for a genetic correlation between epilepsy and some neurodevelopmental and psychiatric *** example,we observed a genetic correlation between epilepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(r,=0.18,95%Cl 0.09 to 0.27,p<0.001)—a correlation that was more pronounced in focal epilepsy(r=0.23,95%CI 0.09 to 0.36,p<0.001).Findings from Mendelian randomisation using common genetic variants did not support bidirectional effects between epilepsy and neurodevelopmental or psychiatric *** Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with *** correlations may partially explain some comorbidities;however,there is little evidence of a bidirectional relationship between the genetic liability of epilepsy and psychiatric *** findings highlight the need to understand the role of environmental factors or rare genetic variations in the origins of psy

关键词： epilepsy Psychiat lifetime

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Histone modifications and alcohol-induced liver disease:Are altered nutrients the missing link?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第20期17卷 2465-2472页

作者： Akshata Moghe Swati joshi-Barve Smita Ghare Leila Gobejishvili Irina Kirpich craig j.mcclain Shirish Barve University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyHepatology and NutritionUniversity of Louisville Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Alcoholism is a major health problem in the United States and worldwide,and alcohol remains the single most significant cause of liver-related diseases and *** is known to influence nutritional status at many levels including nutrient intake,absorption,utilization,and excretion,and can lead to many nutritional disturbances and *** can dramatically affect gene expression and alcohol-induced nutrient imbalance may be a major contributor to pathogenic gene expression in alcohol-induced liver disease(ALD).There is growing interest regarding epigenetic changes,including histone modifications that regulate gene expression during disease ***,modifications of core histones in the nucleosome regulate chromatin structure and DNA methylation,and control gene *** review highlights the role of nutrient disturbances brought about during alcohol metabolism and their impact on epigenetic histone modifications that may contribute to *** review is focused on four critical metabolites,namely,acetate,S-adenosylmethionine,nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and zinc that are particularly relevant to alcohol metabolism and ALD.

关键词：组蛋白修饰酒精性营养物质肝病烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 DNA甲基化代谢产物相关疾病

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Dominant species of mid-elevation grasslands of the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park are predicted to be largely immune to climate change

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山地科学学报(英文) 2023年第9期20卷 2468-2486页

作者： Debbie jEWITT craig D.MORRIS Tim G.O’CONNOR Michelle j.TEDDER Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife Scientific ServicesPO Box 13053Cascades 3202South Africa School of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgPrivate Bag X3WITS 2050South Africa Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production(ARC-AP) ℅School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa

Anticipating global change impact on natural vegetation,especially in poorly researched systems,requires an understanding of the environmental factors that most strongly influence the organisation of plant communities at different *** environmental relations of plant communities in the Drakensberg mountains of South Africa remain poorly *** study investigated the influence of selected environmental determinants on the dominant species of plant community organisation in this *** order to provide an overview of the influence of the environment on botanical composition and plant diversity,this study,conducted as four discrete exercises,investigated the interplay of altitude,aspect and slope on the abundance of selected species,and to examine the influence of latitude,geological substrate and local topography on species *** diversity showed no pattern of response to investigated environmental *** composition was related to temperature and solarradiation *** altitude sites facing east were distinct for non-graminoid *** and latitude exerted a pronounced effect on species composition,confounded by longitude and precipitation *** substrate,in concert with slope steepness and orientation,influenced composition,restricting the abundance but not distribution of some *** individualistic responses were found for C_3,C_4,and non-graminoid species in relation to altitude,slope and *** and aspect mediate the effects of altitude and hence temperature for some *** study has demonstrated the complexity of drivers influencing species and compositional distribution in the Drakensberg and permits a preliminary consideration of potential changes in the composition and dominance structure of mid-elevation grasslands in response to climate *** dominant grass species were widespread across environmental gradients,occupying currently warm,cool,moist and dry habitats

关键词： Drakensberg Environmental gradients Grasslands Mountain biodiversity Vegetation

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Core needle biopsy and embolization of fat-poor renal tumors in children with tuberous sclerosis complex

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World journal of Pediatrics 2023年第6期19卷 614-618页

作者： Derek j.Roebuck Samantha Chippington Bligh D.Berry craig Gibson Department of Medical Imaging Perth Children's Hospital15 Hospital AvenueNedlands 6009Australia Division of Paediatrics Medical SchoolUniversity ofWestern AustraliaCrawley 6009Australia Department of Radiology Great Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondon WCIN 3JHUK PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA Murdoch 6150Australia

Tuberous sclerosis complex(TSC)is an autosomal dominant disease caused by inactivating germline mutations in TSC1 or *** genes code for hamartin and tuberin,proteins that normally form a complex that down-regulates the mechanistic(or mammalian)target of rapamycin(mTOR)pathway,which is crucial to cell growth,proliferation and survival.

关键词： needle sclerosis biopsy

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SimMarket research student playbook / Nancy j. Nentl, craig Miller.

SimMarket research student playbook / Nancy J. Nentl, Craig ...

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2003年

作者： Nancy j. Nentl craig Miller.

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