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Coal mine entry rating system:A case study

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International Journal of mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 145-151页

作者： mark A.Van Dyke Ted m.Klemetti craig Compton National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Mining Research DivisionPittsburghPA 15236USA

Coal mines are continuously seeking to determine the performance of entries with different ground control products and installation *** are many factors that impact how an entry will perform which include but are not limited to geology,overburden,bolting type and pattern,and mine *** the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH),research has been instituted to examine the relationship of the parts of a coal mine entry as a system and not as individual *** study this relationship,the first step in this study was to create a numeric rating system that accurately reflects visual observations of the mine entry and is easy to *** researchers devised this rating system to improve upon previous ideas,offering increased flexibility which can be incorporated into an overall entry condition that offers different levels of confidence based on the user’s time devoted to the *** new entry rating system was implemented at three different mines over varying periods of time to evaluate the ground response to the geology,bolt installation pattern,stress changes by mining,overburden,and time dependency.

关键词： Coal Geology Rating system Support

Deep Volatiles as the Key for Energy and Environments of the Four-Dimensional Earth System

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Engineering 2019年第3期5卷 393-394页

作者： Ho-Kwang mao craig m. Schiffries Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR) Shanghai 201203 China Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution for Science Washington DC 20015 USA

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and their compounds are volatile components that dominate the thin and fragile atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere on Earth’s habitable surface. However, the vast majority of these volatiles are hidden in the deep interior, where the high pressure–temperature conditions drastically and categorically alter the physics and chemistry of the volatiles. Like the bloodstream of an organism, the circulations and interactions of volatiles in the deep Earth modulate climate, resources, energy, natural hazards, and other factors that define the Earth as a unique living and changing planet.

关键词： Four-Dimensional Earth System Deep Volatiles

Cost and accuracy of advanced breeding trial designs in apple

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 267-276页

作者： Julia m Harshman Kate m Evans craig m Hardner Department of Horticulture Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension CenterWenatchee98801WAUSA Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandSt Lucia4072QueenslandAustralia

Trialing advanced candidates in tree fruit crops is expensive due to the long-term nature of the planting and labor-intensive evaluations required to make selection *** closely the trait evaluations approximate the true trait value needs balancing with the cost of the *** of field trials of advanced apple candidates in which reduced number of locations,the number of years and the number of harvests per year were modeled to investigate the effect on the cost and accuracy in an operational breeding *** aim was to find designs that would allow evaluation of the most additional candidates while sacrificing the least *** percentage difference,response to selection,and correlated response were used to examine changes in accuracy of trait *** the quality traits evaluated,accuracy and response to selection were not substantially reduced for most trial *** management influences the decision to change trial design,and some designs had greater risk associated with *** cost and accuracy with risk yields valuable insight into advanced breeding trial *** methods outlined in this analysis would be well suited to other horticultural crop breeding programs.

关键词： breeding crops planting

Pauli Radius of the Proton

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第12期38卷 1-6页

作者： Zhu-Fang Cui Daniele Binosi craig D.Roberts Sebastian m.Schmidt School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas Villa TambosiStrada delle Tabarelle 286I-38123 Villazzano(TN)Italy Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden D-01314Germany RWTH Aachen University Ⅲ.Physikalisches Institut BAachen D-52074Germany

Using a procedure based on interpolation via continued fractions supplemented by statistical sampling,we analyze proton magnetic form factor data obtained via electron+proton scattering on Q^(2)∈[0.027,0.55]GeV^(2)with the goal of determining the proton magnetic *** approach avoids assumptions about the function form used for data interpolation and ensuing extrapolation onto Q^(2)■0 for extraction of the form factor *** this way,we find r_(m)=0.817(27)*** the difference between proton electric and magnetic radii calculated in this way,extant data are seen to be compatible with the possibility that the slopes of the proton Dirac and Pauli form factors,F1,2(Q^(2)),are not truly independent observables;to wit,the difference F_(1)’(0)-F_(2)’(0)/κp=[1+Kp]/[4 m_(p)^(2)],viz.,the proton Foldy term.

关键词： interpolation Pauli continued

An Efficient,Energy Stable Scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman System

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第4期13卷 929-957页

作者： craig Collins Jie Shen Steven m.Wise Department of mathematics University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37912USA Department of mathematics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

We present an unconditionally energy stable and uniquely solvable finite difference scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman(CHB)system,which is comprised of a Cahn-Hilliard-type diffusion equation and a generalized Brinkman equation modeling fluid *** CHB system is a generalization of the Cahn-Hilliard-Stokes model and describes two phase very viscous flows in porous *** scheme is based on a convex splitting of the discrete CH energy and is *** equations at the implicit time level are nonlinear,but we prove that they represent the gradient of a strictly convex functional and are therefore uniquely solvable,regardless of time step *** to energy stability,we show that the scheme is stable in the time and space discrete ℓ^(∞)(0,T;H_(h)^(1))and ℓ^(2)(0,T;H_(h)^(2))*** also present an efficient,practical nonlinear multigrid method–comprised of a standard FAS method for the Cahn-Hilliard part,and a method based on the Vanka smoothing strategy for the Brinkman part-for solving these *** particular,we provide evidence that the solver has nearly optimal complexity in typical *** solver is applied to simulate spinodal decomposition of a viscous fluid in a porous medium,as well as to the more general problems of buoyancy-and boundary-driven flows.

关键词： Cahn-Hilliard equation Stokes equations Brinkman equation finite difference methods nonlinear multigrid convex splitting energy stability

Transfer of motion through a microelectromechanical linkage at nanometer and microradian scales

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 106-115页

作者： craig R.Copeland craig D.mcGray Jon Geist Vladimir A.Aksyuk Samuel m.Stavis Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA maryland Nanocenter University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Engineering Physics Division National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA modern microsystems Silver SpringMD 20904USA

mechanical linkages are fundamentally important for the transfer of motion through assemblies of parts to perform *** their behavior in macroscale systems is well understood,there are open questions regarding the performance and reliability of linkages with moving parts in contact within microscale *** challenges impede experimental studies to answer such *** this study,we develop a novel combination of optical microscopy methods that enable the first quantitative measurements at nanometer and microradian scales of the transfer of motion through a microelectromechanical *** track surface features and fluorescent nanoparticles as optical indicators of the motion of the underlying parts of the *** models allow precise characterization of the electrothermal actuation of the *** transfer of motion between translating and rotating links can be nearly ideal,depending on the operating *** coupling and decoupling of the links agree with an ideal kinematic model to within approximately 5%,and the rotational output is perfectly repeatable to within approximately 20 ***,stiction can result in nonideal kinematics,and input noise on the scale of a few millivolts produces an asymmetric interaction of electrical noise and mechanical play that results in the nondeterministic transfer of *** study establishes a new approach towards testing the performance and reliability of the transfer of motion through assemblies of microscale parts,opening the door to future studies of complex microsystems.

关键词： Electrothermal linkage microelectromechanical nanoparticle noise rotation tracking translation

Hadron and light nucleus radii from electron scattering

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第12期46卷 1-15页

作者： Zhu-Fang Cui Daniele Binosi craig D.Roberts Sebastian m.Schmidt School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas Villa Tambosi Strada delle Tabarelle 286I-38123 Villazzano(TN)Italy Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden D-01314Germany RWTH Aachen University Ⅲ.Physikalisches Institut BAachen D-52074Germany

Conceptually,radii are amongst the simplest Poincaré-invariant properties that can be associated with hadrons and light *** values of these quantities are necessary so that one may judge the character of putative solutions to the strong interaction problem within the Standard ***,limiting their ability to serve in this role,recent measurements and new analyses of older data have revealed uncertainties and imprecisions in the radii of the proton,pion,kaon,and *** the context of radius measurement using electron+hadron elastic scattering,the past decade has shown that reliable extraction requires minimisation of bias associated with practitioner-dependent choices of data fitting *** answers to that challenge have been offered;and this perspective describes the statistical Schlessinger point method(SPm),in unifying applications to proton,pion,kaon,and deuteron *** in analytic function theory,independent of assumptions about underlying dynamics,free from practitioner-induced bias,and applicable in the same form to diverse systems and observables,the SPm returns an objective expression of the information contained in any data under *** robust nature and versatility make it suitable for use in many branches of experiment and theory.

关键词： elastic electromagnetic form factors lepton scattering from hadrons and light nuclei emergence of mass muonic atoms proton Nambu-Goldstone modes-pion and kaon deuteron strong interactions in the standard model of particle physics

Prospective randomised controlled trial of Algisite^(Tm) m, Cuticerin^(Tm), and Sorbact■ as donor site dressings in paediatric split-thickness skin grafts

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Burns & Trauma 2018年第4期6卷 297-306页

作者： craig A.mcBride Roy m.Kimble Kellie A.Stockton Pegg Leditschke Children’s Burns Centre Queensland Children’s HospitalChildren’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health ServiceSouth BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Centre for Children’s Burns and Trauma Research Centre for Children’s Health ResearchUniversity of QueenslandSouth BrisbaneAustralia Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health School of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandSt LuciaQueenslandAustralia

Background:This is a parallel three-arm prospective randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing Algisite?m, Cuticerin?, and Sorbact? as donor site dressings in paediatric split-thickness skin grafts (STSG). All three were in current use within the Pegg Leditschke Children's Burn centre (PLCBC), the largest paediatric burns centre in Queensland, Australia. Our objective was to find the best performing dressing, following on from previous trials designed to rationalise dressings for the burn wound itself. methods:All children for STSG, with thigh donor sites, were considered for enrolment in the trial. Primary outcome measures were days to re-epithelialisation, and pain. Secondary measures were cost, itch, and scarring at 3 and 6 months. Patients and parents were blinded to group assignment. Blinding of assessors was possible with the dressing in situ, with partial blinding following first dressing change. Blinded photographic assessments of re-epithelialisation were used. Scar assessment was blinded. Covariates for analysis were sex, age, and graft thickness (as measured from a central biopsy). Results:There were 101 patients randomised to the Algisite?m (33), Cuticerin?(32), and Sorbact? (36) arms between April 2015 and July 2016. All were analysed for time to re-epithelialisation. Pain scores were not available for all time points in all patients. There were no significant differences between the three arms regarding pain, or time to re-epithelialisation. There were no significant differences for the secondary outcomes of itch, scarring, or cost. Regression analyses demonstrated faster re-epithelialisation in younger patients and decreased donor site scarring at 3 and 6 months with thinner STSG. There were no adverse effects noted. Conclusions:There are no data supporting a preference for one trial dressing over the others, in donor site wounds (DSW) in children. Thinner skin grafts lead to less donor site scarring in children. Younger patients have faster donor si

关键词： Split-thickness skin graft Donor site wound Paediatric Burns Alginate Algisite^(Tm) m Cuticerin^(Tm) Sorbact■

Valence Quark Ratio in the Proton

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Chinese Physics Letters 2022年第4期39卷 1-6页

作者： Zhu-Fang Cui Fei Gao Daniele Binosi Lei Chang craig D.Roberts Sebastian m.Schmidt School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Nonperturbative Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Centre for High Energy Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas Villa TambosiStrada delle Tabarelle 286I-38123 Villazzano(TN)Italy School of Physics Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden D-01314Germany RWTH Aachen University III.Physikalisches Institut BAachen D-52074Germany

Beginning with precise data on the ratio of structure functions in deep inelastic scattering(DIS)from ^3He and ^3H,collected on the domain 0.19≤xB≤0.83,where xBis the Bjorken scaling variable,we employ a robust method for extrapolating such data to arrive at a model-independent result for the xB=1 value of the ratio of neutron and proton structure *** this with information obtained in analyses of DIS from nuclei,corrected for target-structure dependence,we arrive at a prediction for the proton valence-quark ratio:d_(v)/u_(v)|_(xB→1)=0.230(57).Requiring consistency with this result presents a challenge to many descriptions of proton structure.

关键词： structure functions precise