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Microbiome dysbiosis and alcoholic liver disease

Liver Research 2019年第3期3卷 218-226页

作者： Fengyuan Li craig J.McClain Wenke Feng Department of Medicine Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyAlcohol Research CenterUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA

Microbiome dysbiosis is strongly associated with alcoholic liver disease(ALD).Recent studies on comprehensive analyses of microbiome compositional and functional changes have begun to uncover the mechanistic relation between microbiome and the pathogenesis of ***,targeting the microbiome has become a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of *** this review,we summarize the clinical evidence of microbiome dysbiosis in ALD patients,and experimental advances in microbiome and metabolomic functional changes in animals with different species and genetic backgrounds in *** also summarize the studies in humanized intestinal microbiome and fecal microbiota transplantation in *** introduce new developments in the studies on the role of the circulating bacterial microbiome,oral bacterial microbiome and fungal microbiome in the development of *** highlight the potential mechanisms by which microbiome dysbiosis contributes to ALD,including short chain fatty acid changes,bile acid metabolism,intestinal barrier function,release of bacterial and fungal products,and *** addition,we summarize the recent developments targeting the microbiome in prevention and treatment of ALD,including dietary nutrient interference,herbal medicine,antibiotics,anti-fungal agents,probiotics,engineered bacterial therapy,fecal transplantation and oral *** recent preclinical studies have advanced our understanding of the microbiome and ALD,clinical studies,especially prospective studies with large samples,are needed to better understand the cause-effect of microbiome dysbiosis in *** new precision-based strategies targeting the microbiome are expected to be developed as more effective therapies in ALD.©2019 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen *** Services by Elsevier *** behalf of KeAi Communications Co.,*** is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.

关键词： Microbiome Dysbiosis Alcoholic liver disease(ALD)

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Moving toward redemption

Moving toward redemption

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作者： Andrea Ivanov-craig.

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Direct ink writing of polycaprolactone/polyethylene oxide based 3D constructs

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2021年第2期31卷 180-191页

作者： Bin Zhang Se Hun Chung Susan Barker Duncan craig Roger J.Narayan Jie Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering University College London Medway School of Pharmacy Universities of Greenwich and Kent School of Pharmacy University College London Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University

There has been increasing interest over recent years in the application of three-dimensional(3 D) printing technologies in the biomedical field. One such method is Direct Ink Writing(DIW); this approach has the potential advantage of allowing room-temperature deposition of materials, presented as an ink, to build complex architectures. DIW offers the ability to process biomaterials containing temperature-sensitive components. Due to the fabrication principles of DIW, there are specific rheological requirements that the ink must exhibit for the 3 D construction. For this reason, hydrogel-based liquid feed stocks have been the focal point of ink development. As a consequence, studies based on inks comprising hydrophobic biomaterials, which are insoluble in water and hence unsuited to the hydrogel approach, have been *** this study, we investigate novel inks that utilize polycaprolactone(PCL), a hydrophobic polymer, as the primary constituent by dissolving the polymer in solvent systems based on dichloromethane(DCM) and acetone(ACE). Moreover, polyethylene oxide(PEO) was incorporated into the PCL systems in order to extend the range of hydrophilicity of the systems. The rheological properties of the inks were investigated as a function of polymer composition and solvent system. Woodpile constructs of PCL and PCL/PEO were fabricated using DIW method and were assessed by a series of material characterisation. The type of solvent system had a noticeable impact on the ink rheology, which ultimately affected the surface properties. The incorporation of PEO particularly enhanced the roughness and wettability of the constructs. Our results support the use of DIW as a new means to process hydrophobic polymers for biomedical applications.

关键词： Direct ink writing Polycaprolactone Polyethylene oxide Ink rheology Material characterisation 3D construct

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Discovery and genome-guided mapping of REN12 from Vitis amurensis, conferring strong, rapid resistance to grapevine powdery mildew

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Horticulture Research 2023年第5期10卷 139-149页

作者： Surya Sapkota Cheng Zou craig Ledbetter Anna Underhill Qi Sun David Gadoury Lance Cadle-Davidson School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell AgriTechCornell UniversityGenevaNY14456USA BRC Bioinformatics Facility Institute of BiotechnologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)-Agricultural Research Service(ARS) Crop DiseasesPests and Genetics Research UnitSan Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCA93648USA USDA-ARS Grape Genetics Research UnitGenevaNY14456USA

Powdery mildew resistance genes restrict infection attempts at different stages of ***,a strong and rapid powdery mildew resistance phenotype was discovered from Vitis amurensis‘PI 588631’that rapidly stopped over 97%of Erysiphe necator conidia,before or immediately after emergence of a secondary hypha from *** resistance was effective across multiple years of vineyard evaluation on leaves,stems,rachises,and fruit and against a diverse array of *** laboratory *** core genome rhAmpSeq markers,resistance mapped to a single dominant locus(here named REN12)on chromosome 13 near 22.8–27.0 Mb,irrespective of tissue type,explaining up to 86.9%of the phenotypic variation observed on *** sequencing of recombinant vines using skim-seq technology enabled the locus to be further resolved to a 780 kb region,from 25.15 to 25.93 *** analysis indicated the allele-specific expression of four resistance genes(NLRs)from the resistant ***12 is one of the strongest powdery mildew resistance loci in grapevine yet documented,and the rhAmpSeq sequences presented here can be directly used for marker-assisted selection or converted to other genotyping *** no virulent isolates were identified among the genetically diverse isolates and wild populations of *** tested here,NLR loci like REN12 are often ***,stacking of multiple resistance genes and minimal use of fungicides should enhance the durability of resistance and could enable a 90%reduction in fungicides in low-rainfall climates where few other pathogens attack the foliage or fruit.

关键词： Vitis resistance durability

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Dominant species of mid-elevation grasslands of the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park are predicted to be largely immune to climate change

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第9期20卷 2468-2486页

作者： Debbie JEWITT craig D.MORRIS Tim G.O’CONNOR Michelle J.TEDDER Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife Scientific ServicesPO Box 13053Cascades 3202South Africa School of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgPrivate Bag X3WITS 2050South Africa Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production(ARC-AP) ℅School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X01Scottsville 3209PietermaritzburgSouth Africa

Anticipating global change impact on natural vegetation,especially in poorly researched systems,requires an understanding of the environmental factors that most strongly influence the organisation of plant communities at different *** environmental relations of plant communities in the Drakensberg mountains of South Africa remain poorly *** study investigated the influence of selected environmental determinants on the dominant species of plant community organisation in this *** order to provide an overview of the influence of the environment on botanical composition and plant diversity,this study,conducted as four discrete exercises,investigated the interplay of altitude,aspect and slope on the abundance of selected species,and to examine the influence of latitude,geological substrate and local topography on species *** diversity showed no pattern of response to investigated environmental *** composition was related to temperature and solarradiation *** altitude sites facing east were distinct for non-graminoid *** and latitude exerted a pronounced effect on species composition,confounded by longitude and precipitation *** substrate,in concert with slope steepness and orientation,influenced composition,restricting the abundance but not distribution of some *** individualistic responses were found for C_3,C_4,and non-graminoid species in relation to altitude,slope and *** and aspect mediate the effects of altitude and hence temperature for some *** study has demonstrated the complexity of drivers influencing species and compositional distribution in the Drakensberg and permits a preliminary consideration of potential changes in the composition and dominance structure of mid-elevation grasslands in response to climate *** dominant grass species were widespread across environmental gradients,occupying currently warm,cool,moist and dry habitats

关键词： Drakensberg Environmental gradients Grasslands Mountain biodiversity Vegetation

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Massive gastrointestinal bleeding: An unusual case of asymptomatic extrarenal, visceral, fibromuscular dysplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第43期13卷 5771-5774页

作者： Paula Andrea Rodriguez Urrego Mark Flanagan Wilson S Tsai craig Rezac Nicola Barnard Department of Pathology Robert Wood Johnson Medical School-University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey United States Department of Surgery RWJMS-UMDNJ United States Department of Heart Lung and Esophageal Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center United States

Extrarenal fibromuscular dysplasia causing gastro- intestinal bleeding without other manifestations and especially sparing renal vasculature is uncommon. The diagnosis of this entity is usually made by radiographic appearance and the treatment is controversial. To our knowledge only seven cases of visceral fibromuscular dysplasia as a primary manifestation of the disease have been described, symptoms range from abdominal pain to gangrene. This is the first case of visceral fibromuscular dysplasia presenting with otherwise asymptomatic gastrointestinal bleeding, without bowel necrosis or ischemic changes. We provide a review of the literature.

关键词： Fibromuscular dysplasia Extrarenal Visceral Gastrointestinal bleeding Intimal fibroplasia

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Transient occult cardiotoxicity in children receiving continuous beta-agonist therapy

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第4期10卷 324-329页

作者： Christopher L Carroll Melinda Coro Allison Cowl Kathleen A Sala craig M Schramm Department of Pediatrics Connecticut Children's Medical CenterHartfordCTUSA

Background:Continuous beta-agonist therapy,typically in the form of inhaled albuterol,is the first line therapy for the treatment of acute and severe bronchospasm in *** this treatment is commonly used,concerns about cardiotoxicity have been *** aimed to investigate the cardiotoxic effects of continuous beta-agonist therapy in ***:We conducted a retrospective review of children admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)between May 2008 and April 2009,who were treated with continuous beta-agonist therapy(intravenous and nebulized).Results:Twenty of the 36 children treated with continuous albuterol had repeated serum troponin-T and lactate levels *** patients(55%)were also treated with continuous intravenous *** levels of troponin-T levels were found in 25%of children,and elevated lactate levels were found in 60%.However,all returned to normal levels within 48 hours of ICU admission,despite continued beta-agonist *** children experienced arrhythmias during *** was no association between intravenous terbutaline use and elevated troponin-T[odds ratio(OR),1.3;95%CI,0.2-10.3]or with elevated serum lactate(OR,0.6;95%CI,0.1-3.7).There was also no association between elevated troponin-T or lactate and ICU or hospital length of ***:In this small study,a significant proportion of children had elevated serum troponin-T and lactate levels while receiving inhaled continuous beta-agonist therapy,irrespective of intravenous ***,these abnormal values all returned to normal within 48 hours of ICU admission and were not associated with increased duration of hospitalization.

关键词： asthma beta-agonist pediatric

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Phosphorus utilization response of pigs and broiler chickens to diets supplemented with antimicrobials and phytase

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 77-84页

作者： Katherine McCormick Carrie L.Walk craig L.Wyatt Olayiwola Adeola Department of Animal Sciences Purdue University JBS United AB Vista Feed Ingredients

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the phosphorus(P) utilization responses of pigs and broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with antimicrobials and phytase and to determine if P digestibility response to phytase is affected by supplementation with antimicrobials. Experiment 1 used 4 diets(a basal negative control formulated to contain 0.41% total P and 0.71% calcium [Ca] without added antimicrobials, basal negative control with added carbadox, basal negative control with added tylosin, or basal negative control with added virginiamycin) and six 18-kg barrows in individual metabolism crates per diet. There was no effect of antimicrobials on P and Ca digestibility or retention. Carbadox supplementation increased(P < 0.05) digestibility and retention of gross energy(GE) and supplementation with tylosin increased(P < 0.05) N retention relative to the basal negative control diet. Experiment 2 used eight 19-kg barrows in individual metabolism crates per treatment and 9 dietary treatments arranged in a 3×3 factorial of antimicrobials(none, tylosin, or virginiamycin) and phytase(0, 500, or 1,500 FTU/kg).Phytase addition to the diets linearly increased(P< 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility or retention of P, Ca, nitrogen(N) and GE. Supplementation with antimicrobials did not affect apparent total tract digestibility or retention of P, Ca, N or GE. There were linear effects(P < 0.01) of phytase on Ca utilization in diets that were not supplemented with antimicrobials but only tendencies(P < 0,10) in diets supplemented with tylosin or virginiamycin. Phytase linearly improved(P < 0.05) N utilization in diets supplemented with tylosin or virginiamycin but not in diets without added antimicrobials. Experiment 3 was a broiler chicken experiment with the same experimental design as Exp. 2 but feeding 8 birds per cage and 10 replicate cages per diet. Antimicrobial supplementation improved(P < 0.05) feed efficiency and adding tylosin improved(P < 0.05) tibia as

关键词： Antimicrobials Chickens Phosphorus Phytase Pigs

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Immune checkpoints and immunotherapy for colorectal cancer

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第4期3卷 289-297,I0001页

作者： Preet Paul Singh Piyush K.Sharma Gayathri Krishnan A.craig Lockhart Division of Oncology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA Department of Surgery Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the major causes of death worldwide,despite steady improvement in early detection and overall survival over the past *** treatment paradigms,with chemotherapy and biologics,appear to have reached their maximum ***,especially with checkpoint inhibitors,has shown considerable clinical benefit in various cancers,including mismatch-repair-deficient *** has led to the planning and initiation of several clinical trials evaluating novel immunotherapy agents—as single agents,combinations and in conjunction with chemotherapy—in patients with *** article reviews biological and preclinical data for checkpoint inhibitors and discusses various immunotherapy trials in CRC,as well as current efforts in CRC immunotherapy.

关键词： immunotherapy colorectal cancer checkpoint inhibition/blockade programmed death 1(PD-1) cytotoxic Tlymphocyte-associated antigen 4(CTLA-4) vaccine pembrolizumab

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Ants as architects of living,self-healing structures

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医用生物力学 2013年第S1期28卷 30-32页

作者： David Hu Nathan Mlot craig Tovey Paul Foster Schools of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Schools of Biology Georgia Institute of Technology School of Industrial Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

We present experiments and theory on the ability of fire ants to both flow like a fluid and aggregate like a *** floods,fire ants link their bodies together to weave hydrophobic rafts in the manner of *** returning to land,they construct bivouacs that are shaped such that each ant supports an equal load throughout *** attention is paid to rationalizing construction rates based upon individual behaviors and constraints of the *** ant species form functional self-assemblages by linking themselves *** viewed collectively,a fire ant self-assemblage exhibits bulk material characteristics,such as the ability to flow or support *** assemblages can be constructed and disassembled ***

关键词： assemblage aggregate themselves linking quickly floods constraints tower manner shaped

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