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Speed of Thought and Speed of Feet:Examining Perceptual-Cognitive Expertise and Physical Performance in an English Football Academy

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第1期3卷 88-97页

作者： Adam L.Kelly Mark R.Wilson Daniel T.Jackson Jennifer Turnnidge craig a.williams Faculty of Health Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre and the College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of ExeterSt Luke’s CampusHeavitree RoadExeter EX12LUDevonUK Exeter City Football Club ExeterDevonUK School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada

The world's greatest professional football players are able to execute effective tactical decisions as well as fulfil various physical ***,the degree to which both are associated with greater potential in a football academy is ***,the aim of this study was to investigate decision-making skill and physical performance as contributing factors to coach potential rankings in an English football ***-eight outfield academy players(Foundation Development Phase[FDP]under-9 to under-11 n=40;Youth Development Phase[YDP]under-12 to under-16 n=58)participated in the *** engaged in 45 film-based simulations at two occlusion phases(e.g.,the visual display is cut-off at a precise time during an action),firstly"during"and secondly"post"execution,to examine decision-making *** also completed four fitness tests to examine physical performance.A classification of"higher-potentials"(top third)and"lower-potentials"(bottom third)were applied through coach *** t-tests compared the decision-making and physical performance ***-potentials made significantly more accurate decisions within the"post"phase within the FDP(P<0.05)and the"during"phase within the YDP(P<0.05).Additionally,higher-potentials were significantly faster for the 0-30 m sprint in both the FDP and YDP(P<0.05),with higher-potentials within the YDP also significantly faster in the 0-10 m sprint(P<0.05)and jumped significantly higher in the countermovement jump(P<0.05).These findings indicated that greater football potential may be associated with superior perceptual-cognitive expertise and quicker sprint ability in both academy age phases,with a greater discriminatory function within the older cohort.

关键词： Decision-making Sprint ability Fitness testing Academy football Talent identification Talent development

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Different Performances of H_2O_2 to Oxidise Aldicarb and Hexazinone in the Advanced Oxidation Process of Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2014年第3期31卷 348-353页

作者：冉治霖孙楚李绍峰 craig Denver williams TREVOR John Hocking School of Transportation and Environment Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology College of Resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural University Shenzhen Key Lab of Industrial Water Saving&Municipal Sewage Reclamation Technology Shenzhen Polytechnic Institute School of Applied Science University of WolverhamptonWolverhampton WV1 1LYUK

The degradations of hexazinone and aldicarb by direct ozonation combined an advanced oxidation process( AOP) of O3/H2O2 were investigated in this study focusing on the oxidation mechanism by identifying the hydrogen peroxide consumption during the oxidation process of the two chemicals. The results showed that H2O2 could enhance the removal rate of the triazine herbicide hexazinone,and it was consumed along with the variation of removal rate in the light of different pH levels. The addition of H2O2 contributed little to the removal of the thiocarbamate herbicide aldicarb and H2O2 content kept constantly throughout the degradation process. Tert-butyl alcohol( TBA) effectively scavenged the ·OH radical for hexazinone,but had no effect on the removal rate of aldicarb. Aldicarb removal was mainly attributed to direct ozonation molecule in both O3( 97.00%) and O3/H2O2( 96.76%)systems. Moreover,sole O3 could hardly oxidize hexazinone whereas·OH radicals contribute respective 74.70% and 97.50% of removal in O3 system and O3/H2O2 AOP. All of these findings suggest that the mechanism of ·OH radical generation and the chain reaction in O3/H2O2 AOP should be further discussed.

关键词： hexazinone aldicarb O3/H2O2 direct and indirect oxidation H2O2consumption

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Inactivation of Cryptosporidium by ozone and cell ultrastructures

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第12期22卷 1954-1959页

作者： Zhilin Ran Shaofeng Li Junli Huang Yixing Yuan Chongwei Cui craig Denver williams School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China Department of Building & Environmental Engineering Shenzhen Polytechnic Institute Shenzhen 518055 China School of Applied Science University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK

The fluorescence staining method and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） were used to study the effect of ozone （O3） inactivating Cryptosporidium in water and cell ultrastructures variation to shed light on the mechanism of inactivation preliminarily. Results indicated that O3 had a stronger inactivating capability. When the concentration of O3 was above 3.0 mg/L and the contact time was up to 7 min, a significant inactivating effect could be achieved. The turbidity on inactivation effects was also found to be statistically significant in artificial water. With increases in turbidity, the inactivating effect decreased. Inactivation rate improved with a temperature increase from 5 to 25℃, but decreased beyond this. The inactivating capability of O3 was found to be stronger under acidic than that under alkalic conditions. When the concentration of organic matter in the reaction system was increased, the competition between Cryptosporidium and organics with O3 probably took place, thereby reducing the inactivation rate. In addition, the cellular morphology of Cryptosporidium varied with different contact times. At zero contact time, cells were rotundity and sphericity, at 60 sec they became folded, underwent emboly, and burst at 480 sec, the cell membrane of Cryptosporidium shrinked and collapsed completely.

关键词： ozone inactivation Cryptosporidium ultrastructures

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In situ biosynthesized silver nanoparticle-incorporated synthesized zeolite A using Orthosiphon aristatus extract for in vitro antibacterial wound healing

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Particuology 2022年第8期20卷 27-34页

作者： Muhammad Hariz Asraf Nor Suriani Sani craig Denver williams Khairunadwa Jemon Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Maliek Department of Biosciences Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia Office of Deputy Vice Chancellor(Research and Innovation) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 UTM SkudaiJohorMalaysia University of Wolverhampton Wulfuna StreetWolverhampton WV11SBEnglandUK Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials(CSNano) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research(ISI-SIR).Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia

The capability of synthesized zeolite A(SZ)to immobilize Ag ions(Ag-SZ)and Ag nanoparticles(AgNp-SZ)were comparatively studied.A novel approach of in situ biosynthesized AgNP-incorporated synthesized zeolite A(AgNp-SZ)was synthesized at an optimum volume of 0.4mL of the Orthosiphon aristatus(***)leaves plant extract(5%)using an in situ *** comparison,Ag-Sz was produced by loading the synthesized zeolite with Ag *** synthesized materials were characterized for their morphologies and *** characterization analysesvalidate thathe biosynthesized AgNP(<100 nm)using *** leaves extract was incorporated into the zeolite *** antibacterial testing confirmed that these materials have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coliATCC11229 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC ***/MBC analysis demonstrated that in 0.9%saline solution,AgNP-SZ had higher antibacterial activity than *** in vitro cell viability and migration assays were further examined towards human skin fibroblast cells HSF *** show that the materials are not cytotoxicto HSF1184,and the biosynthesized AgNP-SZ promotes cell migration and proliferation higher than *** research proved that the biocompatible antibacterial wound healing agent of AgNP-SZ can be synthesized using an in situ approach where the reduction process of Ag ions in the zeolite Acan be performed using plant extract.

关键词： Zeolite Orthosiphon aristatus Biosynthesis Silver nanoparticles Antibacterial In vitro wound healing

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Physical activity and exercise training in young people with cystic fibrosis:Current recommendations and evidence

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2013年第1期2卷 39-46页

作者： craig A. williams Daniel Stevens Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre Sport and Health Sciences University of Exeter EX1 2LU Devon UK School of Physiotherapy Faculty of Health Professions Dalhousie University Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada

Despite the acceptance of physical activity （PA） being integral to a young person＇s health, children with disability often exhibit low levels of PA. In young people with cystic fibrosis （CF） the importance of exercise and daily PA is acknowledged by clinicians and their support teams, however, there is a lack of knowledge related to its prescription. CF is a recessive genetic disorder affecting the lung, pancreas and sweat glands. CF is the most common life shortening genetic disease in the Caucasian population for which there is no cure. In the UK, CF affects over 9000 people, with 4000 under 16 years of age. Only about half of the CF population can expect to live beyond 40 years of age. Besides drug therapies, rehabilitative exercise programmes form an important component of treatment and long term exercise programmes are considered positive treatment strategies, but all lack any detailed prescriptive information. Several reviews and editorials have highlighted the lack of evidence based research in PA and exercise training in young people with CF; but advocate a greater need for understanding the role of exercise in therapeutic interventions. The purpose of this review is to update the reader on the current recommendations and evidence in PA and exercise training for young people with CE These developments have extended our understanding of PA and exercise training in children and adolescents with CF, and its implementation in the management of this chronic disease.

关键词： Cystic fibrosis Exercise training Paediatrics Physical activity Young people

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开启好身材之门的钥匙:基础代谢率

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糖尿病新世界 2009年第9期29卷 54-55页

作者： craig williams[美国] 易罗英（编译）

人们常有这样一种感觉：不知道为什么，很容易就胖起来了，而要想减下去却又是那么难。体型除了与基因有关之外，还与我们的代谢有关，尤其是基础代谢率。事实上，随着年龄的增加，人体基础代谢率是逐渐降低的，这也就是为什么老人更容... 详细信息

人们常有这样一种感觉：不知道为什么，很容易就胖起来了，而要想减下去却又是那么难。体型除了与基因有关之外，还与我们的代谢有关，尤其是基础代谢率。事实上，随着年龄的增加，人体基础代谢率是逐渐降低的，这也就是为什么老人更容易发福的原因。那么什么是基础代谢率呢？它究竟起着什么样的作用呢？

关键词：基础代谢率身材代谢综合征临床

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钛盐光度法测定O_3/H_2O_2高级氧化系统中的过氧化氢

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化学工程师 2011年第6期25卷 27-31,37页

作者：孙楚李绍峰 craig williams 陶虎春东北农业大学环境科学系黑龙江哈尔滨150030 深圳职业技术学院建筑与环境系广东深圳518055 胡弗汉顿大学应用科学学院

采用钛盐光度法测定O3/H2O2系统中的/H2O2,考察了pH值、O3/H2O2摩尔比、钛盐用量和显色时间的影响,确定了最佳的测定条件;通过加标回收率实验和对比实验,证明了该方法的可靠性。结果表明,pH值为3.0、λ=385nm、草酸钛钾浓度2.5mmol.L-1... 详细信息

采用钛盐光度法测定O3/H2O2系统中的/H2O2,考察了pH值、O3/H2O2摩尔比、钛盐用量和显色时间的影响,确定了最佳的测定条件;通过加标回收率实验和对比实验,证明了该方法的可靠性。结果表明,pH值为3.0、λ=385nm、草酸钛钾浓度2.5mmol.L-1和显色时间8min条件下,H2O2浓度0~45mg.L-1范围内与吸光度线性关系良好,且O3/H2O2的摩尔比对H2O2的测定无影响;对纯水＋H2O2＋O3和纯水＋H2O2体系中投加阿特拉津,H2O2加标回收率均在95%~105%以内;钛盐法和高锰酸钾法测定纯水体系中H2O2结果基本一致,而O3/H2O2体系中高锰酸钾法测定值偏高,说明钛盐法可以用于测定O3/H2O2高级氧化体系中的H2O2浓度的变化。

关键词： H2O2 草酸钛钾高级氧化 O3/H2O2

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疼痛新定义

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中国疼痛医学杂志 2016年第11期22卷 808-809页

作者： Amanda C.de C.williams Kenneth D.craig 张钰刘风雨

1.前言1979年,国际疼痛研究学会（IASP）将疼痛定义为＂An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage,or described in terms of such damage＂。

关键词：疼痛评估组织损伤研究学会 sensory 自我描述非语言行为伤害性感受面部表情慢性痛疾病模型

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中国香港17种植物新记录

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热带亚热带植物学报 2021年第2期29卷 123-131页

作者：刘金刚幸敬阳黄筑君韩卓希 williams craig 马锡成李玉来张金龙 FISCHER Gunter A 嘉道理农场暨植物园植物保育部中国香港英华书院中国香港香港空运货站有限公司中国香港

报道了香港17种植物新记录:无配膜叶铁角蕨[Hymenasplenium apogamum(***.&Hatan.)Nakaike]、似薄唇蕨(Leptochilus decurrens Blume)、穿心藤[Amydrium hainanense(***,***&***)***]、毛背桂樱[Laurocerasus hypotricha(Rehder)***&***]、寒莓(Rubus buergeri Miq.)、毛果青冈(Quercus pachyloma Seemen)、粉绿柯(Lithocarpus glaucus Chun&*** ex ***)、龙眼柯(*** ***&***)、豆叶九里香(Murraya euchrestifolia Hayata)、崖柿(Diospyros chunii ***&***)、打铁树[Myrsine linearis(Lour.)Poir.]、针齿铁仔(*** Wall.)、疏齿木荷(Schima remotiserrata Hung ***)、台湾醉魂藤(Heterostemma brownii Hayata)、华南水壶藤[Urceola napeensis(Quint.)***]、斜果挖耳草(Utricularia minutissima Vahl)、馥芳艾纳香(Blumea aromatica DC.);其中,醉魂藤属(Heterostemma Wight&Arn.)为香港新记录属。同时描述了每种植物的生境、主要识别特征以及与相似种的区别。多数新记录种都发现于山地或沟谷中的偏僻生境。对这些生境的持续探索有望进一步丰富香港的植物类群。

关键词：香港新记录植物区系物种保存维管植物

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Estimation of Time to Maximum Rate Under Adiabatic Conditions(TMR_(ad)) Using Kinetic Parameters Derived From DSC-Investigation of Thermal Behavior of 3-Methyl-4-Nitrophenol

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化学推进剂与高分子材料 2011年第1期9卷 84-96页

作者： Bertrand Roduit Patrick Folly Alexandre Sarbach Beat Berger Franz Brogli Francesco Mascarello Mischa Schwaninger Thomas Glarner Eberhard Irle Fritz Tobler Jacques Wiss Markus Luginbühl craig williams Pierre Reuse Francis Stoessel AKTS AG TechnoArk 13960 SidersSwitzerland Armasuisse Science and Technology Centre3602 ThunSwitzerland Ciba Schweizerhalle AG P.O.Box4002 BaselSwitzerland DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. Safety laboratory4334 SisselnSwitzerland F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd Safety laboratories4070 BaselSwitzerland Lonza AG Safety Laboratory VispRottenstr.63930 Visp Switzerland Novartis Pharma AG Novartis CampusWSJ-145.8.544002 BaselSwitzerland Syngenta Crop Protection Münchwilen AG WMU 3120.1.544333 MünchwilenSwitzerland Swiss Safety Institute Schwarzwaldallee 215WRO-1055.5.024002 BaselSwitzerland

Kinetic parameters of the decomposition of hazardous chemicals can be applied for the estimation of their thermal behavior under any temperature *** paper describes the application of the advanced kinetic approach for the determination of the thermal behavior also under adiabatic conditions occurring *** batch reactors in case of cooling *** kinetics of the decomposition of different samples(different manufacturers and batches) of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol were investigated by conventional DSC in non-isothermal(few heating rates varying from 0.25 to 8.0K/min) and isothermal(range of 200~260℃) *** kinetic parameters obtained with AKTS-Thermokinetics Software were applied for calculating reaction rate and progress under different heating rates and temperatures and verified by comparing simulated and experimental *** application of the heat balance to compare the amount of heat generated during reaction and its removal from the system,the knowledge of reaction rate at any temperature profiles allowed the determination of the temperature increase due to the self-heating in adiabatic and pseudo-adiabatic *** advanced kinetic approach allowed simulation the course of the Heat-Wait-Search(HWS) mode of operation of adiabatic *** thermal safety diagram depicting dependence of Time to Maximum Rate(TMR) on the initial temperature was calculated and compared with the results of HWS experiments carried out in the system with Ф-factor amounting to *** influence of the Ф-factor and reaction progress reached at the end of the HWS monitoring on the TMR is *** calculations clearly indicate that even very minor reaction progress reduces the TMRad of 24h characteristic for a sample with initial reaction progress amounting to *** estimation method can be verified by just one HWS-ARC,or by one correctly chosen ISO-ARC run of reasonable duration by knowing in advance the dependence of the TMR

关键词： adiabatic condition methyl nitrophenol DSC Ф-factor kinetics thermal runaway,TMR

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