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A Nation of Hypochondriacs

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中国翻译 1995年第1期 62-63页

作者： Norman cousins

The main impression growing out oftwelve years on the faculty of a medicalschool is that the No. 1 health problem in theU. s. today, even more than AIDs orcancer, is that Americans don’t know how

关键词： A Nation of Hypochondriacs

Persistent occult hepatitis B virus infection:Experimental findings and clinical implications

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第43期13卷 5682-5686页

作者： Patricia M Mulrooney-cousins Tomasz I Michalak Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Division of BioMedical Science Faculty of Medicine Health Sciences Centre Memorial University St. John's NL A1B 3V6 Canada

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly pathogenic virus that causes chronic liver diseases in millions of people globally. In addition to a symptomatic, serologically evident infection, occult persistent HBV carriage has been identified since nucleic acid amplification assays of enhanced sensitivity became introduced for detection of hepadnaviral genomes and their replicative intermediates. Current evidence indicates that occult HBV infection is a common and long-term consequence of resolution of acute hepatitis B. This form of residual infection is termed as secondary occult infection (sOI). The data from the woodchuck model of HBV infection indicate that exposure to small amounts of hepadnavirus can also cause primary occult infection (POI) where virus genome, but no serological makers of exposure to virus, are detectable, and the liver may not be involved. However, virus replicates at low levels in the lymphatic system in both these forms. we briefly summarize the current understanding of the nature and characteristics of occult hepadnaviral persistence as.w.ll as of its documented and expected pathological consequences.

关键词： Hepatitis B viwoodchuck hepatitis virus Hepadnaviruses Hepadnaviral hepatitis Occult viral persistence Hepadnavirus lymphotropism Primary occult infection secondary occult infection Virus reactivation

A morphometric study of the structures bordering the infra-cochlear corridor-Relevant for endoscopic/microscopic ear surgery

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Journal of Otology 2018年第3期13卷 81-84页

作者： wei Liu Yongtian Lu Goran Laurell Vincent cousins Department of surgical sciences Section of OtolaryngologyUppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden shenzhen second People's Hospital Sungang West RoadFutian DistrictShenzhen CityChina Department of Ear Nose and Throat surgery The Alfred HospitalMelbourneAustralia Department of surgery Monash UniversityAustralia

Application of surgical endoscope, used alone or in combination with the surgical microscope, for the operative management of ear and temporal bone conditions may allow improved access and clearance of disease. Preservation of normal structures may also be *** the use of this tool is increasing, the need for better understanding of the anatomy of the ear is becoming evident. This is particularly so for endoscopic surgery aiming at removal of lesions involving the infra-cochlear corridor and/or petrous *** temporal bone-derived labyrinth casts(molds), originally made for endolymphatic duct and sac analysis.w.ich genuinely represent the membranous labyrinth and its adjacent soft tissues, were morphometrically analyzed in terms of the anatomic relations between structures in and around the infra-cochlear corridor. The distance between the petrous carotid artery(PCA) and the basal turn of the cochlea, the distance between PCA and infra-cochlear vein(ICV)/cochlear aqueduct(CA), and the distance between the lower surface of basal cochlear turn and the point where the carotid artery and jugular vein(JV) meet close to the jugular foramen, were measured to be around 1.3 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm respectively, thus constituting an approximate 6?8 mm2 infra-cochlear corridor. This analysis and further study with larger samples might be helpful for operation via this corridor led to the petrous apex where cholesterol granuloma, cholesteatoma and other lesions are not uncommon.

关键词： Infra-cochlear corridor Petrous apex Anatomical study Ear endoscopy surgery

A transcriptome analysis of two grapevine populations segregating for tendril phyllotaxy

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Horticulture Research 2017年第1期4卷 208-218页

作者： Jie Arro Jose Cuenca Yingzhen Yang Zhenchang Liang Peter cousins Gan-Yuan Zhong UsDA-Agricultural Research service Grape Genetics Research UnitGeneva14456NYUSA Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape science and Enology and Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Institute of Botanythe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093People’s Republic of China E&J Gallo winery Modesto95353CAUSA

The shoot structure of cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera *** exhibits a three-node modular repetitive pattern,two sequential leaf-opposed tendrils followed by a tendril-free *** this study,we investigated the molecular basis of this pattern by characterizing differentially expressed genes in 10 bulk samples of young tendril tissue from two grapevine populations showing segregation of mutant or wild-type shoot/tendril *** population was the selfed progeny and the other one,an outcrossed progeny of a Vitis hybrid,‘Roger’s Red’.we analyzed 13375 expressed genes and carried out in-depth analyses of 324 of them,which were differentially expressed with a minimum of 1.5-fold changes between the mutant and wild-type bulk samples in both selfed and cross populations.A significant portion of these genes.w.re direct cis-binding targets of 14 transcription factor families that were themselves differentially ***-based dependency analysis further revealed that most of the significantly rewired connections among the 10 most connected hub genes involved at least one transcription ***3 and MYB12,which were known important for plant-form development,were among these transcription *** importantly,TCP3 and MYB12 were found in this study to be involved in regulating the lignin gene PRX52,which is important to plant-form development.A further support evidence for the roles of TCP3-MYB12-PRX52 in contributing to tendril phyllotaxy was the findings of two other lignin-related genes uniquely expressed in the mutant phyllotaxy background.

关键词： Vitis analysis pattern

Asymptomatic Hepadnaviral Persistence and Its Consequences in the woodchuck Model of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2015年第3期3卷 211-219页

作者： Patricia M.Mulrooney-cousins Tomasz I.Michalak Molecular Virology and Hepatology Research Group Faculty of Medicine Health Sciences Centre Memorial University St.John's NL Canada

woodchuck hepatitis virus (wHV) is molecularly and pathogenically closely related to hepatitis B virus (HBV).Both viruses display tropism towards hepatocytes and cells of the immune system and cause similar liver pathology,where acute hepatitis can progress to chronic hepatitis and to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Two forms of occult hepadnaviral persistence were identified in the woodchuck-wHV model:secondary occult infection (sOI) and primary occult infection (POI).sOI occurs after resolution of a serologically apparent infection with hepatitis or after subclinical serologically evident virus *** is caused by small amounts of virus and progresses.w.thout serological infection markers,but the virus genome and its replication are detectable in the immune system and with time in the *** can be accompanied by minimal hepatitis.w.ile the hallmark of POI is normal liver ***,HCC develops in about 20% of animals.w.th sOI or POI within 3 to 5 *** virus persists throughout the lifespan in both sOI and POI at serum levels rarely greater than 100 copies/mL,causes hepatitis and HCC when concentrated and administered to virus-na(i)ve *** is accompanied by virusspecific T and B cell immune responses.w.ile only virusspecific T cells are detected in *** coincides.w.th protection against reinfection,while POI does not and hepatitis develops after challenge with liver pathogenic doses >1000 *** sOI and POI are associated with virus DNA integration into the liver and the immune system ***,sOI and POI are two distinct forms of silent hepadnaviral persistence that share common ***,we review findings from the woodchuck model and discuss the relevant observations made in human occult HBV infection (OBI).

关键词： Hepatitis B Occult hepatitis B virus infection woodchuck model of hepatitis B woodchuck hepatitis virus secondary occult infection Primary occult infection Consequences of occult hepadnaviral infection Hepatocellular carcinoma

Meta-analyses on prevalence of selected Parkinson’s nonmotor symptoms before and after diagnosis

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2015年第1期4卷 1-8页

作者： Honglei Chen Edward J Zhao wen Zhang Yi Lu Rui Liu Xuemei Huang Anna J Ciesielski-Jones Michele A Justice Deborah s cousins shyamal Peddada Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences111 T.W.Alexander Dr.P.O.Box 12233Mail drop A3-05Research Triangle ParkNC 27709USA social&scientific systems Inc.DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Departments of Neurology RadiologyNeurosurgeryPharmacology&KinesiologyPennsylvania State University-Milton S.Hershey Medical CenterHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA Biostatistics Branch National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA

Background:Nonmotor symptoms are common among patients.w.th Parkinson’s disease(PD)and some may precede disease ***:we conducted a meta-analysis on the prevalence of selected nonmotor symptoms before and after PD diagnosis,using random-effect *** searched PubMed(1965 through October/November 2012)for the following symptoms:hyposmia,constipation,rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder,excessive daytime sleepiness,depression,and *** studies.w.re publications in English with original data on one or more of these ***:The search generated 2,373 non-duplicated publications and 332 met the inclusion criteria,mostly(n=320)on symptoms after PD *** all symptoms,the prevalence was substantially higher in PD cases than in controls,each affecting over a third of the *** was the most prevalent(75.5%in cases vs.19.1%in controls),followed by constipation(50%vs.17.7%),anxiety(39.9%vs.19.1%),rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(37.0%vs.7.0%),depression(36.6%vs.14.9%),and excessive daytime sleepiness(33.9%vs.10.5%).we observed substantial heterogeneities across studies and meta-regression analyses suggested that several factors might have contributed to ***,the prevalence estimates.w.re fairly robust in several sensitivity *** 20 studies had data on any symptoms prior to PD diagnosis,but still the analyses revealed higher prevalence in future PD cases than in ***:These symptoms are common among PD patients both before and after *** studies are needed to understand the natural history of nonmotor symptoms in PD and their etiological and clinical implications.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Nonmotor symptoms Meta-analysis Prevalence Natural history

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A Teacher's Touch

语言教育 2001年第9期 12-14页

作者： shirley cousins 谢琼

I was standing in front of a fresh classof third graders on the first day of school.I s.w.the usual excited,expectant faces...except for one ***’d taken a desk inthe back of the room near the door,as if toprepare for a quick *** hair hungover his eyes.*Not that I could see hiseyes,because he was staring down at *** clothes.w.re too big for his*scrawny frame.*Other than what I s.w.I didn’t know more than his name:*** struck me as the sort of student

关键词： Teacher clothes excited usual looking mother listening talking fresh attitude

A key‘foxy’aroma gene is regulated by homologyinduced promoter indels in the iconic juice grape‘Concord’

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2028-2039页

作者： Yingzhen Yang JoséCuenca Nian wang Zhenchang Liang Honghe sun Benjamin Gutierrez Xiaojun Xi Jie Arro Yiwang Peige Fan Jason Londo Peter cousins shaohua Li Zhangjun Fei Gan-Yuan Zhong Us Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research service Grape Genetics Research UnitGenevaNYUSA Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape sciences and Enology Laboratory of Plant ResourcesInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Us Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research service Plant Genetic Resources UnitGenevaNYUSA Forestry and Pomology Research Institute Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina University of Chinese Academy of sciences BeijingChina E.&J.Gallo winery ModestoCAUSA Us Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research service Robert W.Holley Center for Agriculture and HealthIthacaNYUSA Present address:Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal.Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias MoncadaValenciaSpain Present address:College of Horticulture and Forestry Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina

‘Concord’,the most well-known juice grape with a parentage of the North American grape species Vitis labrusca L.,possesses a special‘foxy’aroma predominantly resulted from the accumulation of methyl anthranilate(MA)in *** aroma,however,is often perceived as an undesirable attribute by wine consumers and rarely noticeable in the common table and wine grape species *** we discovered homology-induced promoter indels as a major genetic mechanism for species-specific regulation of a key‘foxy’aroma gene,anthraniloyl-CoA:methanol acyltransferase(AMAT),that is responsible for MA *** found the absence of a 426-bp and/or a 42-bp sequence in AMAT promoters highly associated with high levels of AMAT expression and MA accumulation in‘Concord’and other ***-derived *** promoter variants,all with direct and inverted repeats.w.re further confirmed in more than 1,300 Vitis ***,functional impact of these indels.w.s validated in transgenic *** on the promoter regulation,large structural changes including exonic insertion of a retrotransposon were present at the AMAT locus in some *** *** of the AMAT genetic regulation advances our understanding of the‘foxy’aroma trait and makes it genetically trackable and amenable in grapevine breeding.

关键词： insertion aroma grape

sampling strategy for estimating human exposure pathways to consumer chemicals

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Emerging Contaminants 2016年第1期2卷 26-36页

作者： Eleni Papadopoulou Juan A.Padilla-sanchez Chris D.Collins Ian T.cousins Adrian Covaci Cynthia A.de wit Pim E.G.Leonards stefan Voorspoels Cathrine Thomsen stuart Harrad Line s.Haug Division of Environmental Medicine Norwegian Institute of Public HealthLovisenberggata 80456 OsloNorway soil Research Centre Department of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66DWUK Department of Environmental science and Analytical Chemistry(ACEs) Stockholm UniversitySE 10691 StockholmSweden Toxicological Center University of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 12610 WilrijkBelgium Institute for Environmental studies VU UniversityDe Boelelaan 10871081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Flemish Institute for Technological Research(VITO) Boeretang 2002400 MolBelgium school of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbaston B152TTUK

Human exposure to consumer chemicals has become a worldwide *** this.w.rk,a comprehensive sampling strategy is presented,to our knowledge being the first to study all relevant exposure pathways in a single cohort using multiple methods for assessment of exposure from each exposure *** selected groups of chemicals to be studied are consumer chemicals.w.ose production and use are currently in a state of transition and are;per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances(PFAss),traditional and“emerging”brominated flame retardants(BFRs and EBFRs),organophosphate esters(OPEs)and phthalate esters(PEs).Information about human exposure to these contaminants is needed due to existing data gaps on human exposure intakes from multiple exposure pathways and relationships between internal and external *** environment,food and biological samples.w.re collected from 61 participants and their households in the Oslo area(Norway)on two consecutive days,during winter ***,dust,hand wipes,and duplicate diet(food and drink)samples.w.re collected as indicators of external exposure,and blood,urine,blood spots,hair,nails and saliva as indicators of internal exposure.A food diary,food frequency questionnaire(FFQ)and indoor environment questionnaire were also *** 2000 samples.w.re collected in total and participant views on their experiences of this campaign were collected via *** 91%of our participants.w.re positive about future participation in a similar project,some tasks.w.re viewed as *** the food diary and collection of duplicate food/drink portions.w.re the tasksmost frequent reported as“hard”/“very hard”.Nevertheless,a strong positive correlation between the reported total mass of food/drinks in the food record and the total weight of the food/drinks in the collection bottles.w.s observed,being an indication of accurate performance of the participants despite the challenges of the sampling campaign.

关键词： Biomonitoring Indoor environment Consumer products Diet Dust Non-invasive samples