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Investigating drivers of microbial activity and respiration in a forested bog

Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 135-145页

作者： Kenna E.REWCASTLE Jessica A.m.mOORE Jeremiah A.HENNING melanie A.mAYES courtney m.patterson Gangsheng WANG Daniel B.mETCALFE Aimée T.CLASSEN Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of VermontBurlington VT 05405(USA) Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996(USA) The Gund Institute for Environment University of VermontBurlington VT 05405(USA) Department of Biology University of South AlabamaMobile AL 36688(USA) Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TN 37830(USA) Institute for Environmental Genomics&Department of microbiology and Plant Biology University of OklahomaNorman OK 73019(USA) The Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund UniversityLund 22362(Sweden)

Northern peatlands store nearly one-third of terrestrial carbon(C)stocks while covering only 3%of the global landmass;nevertheless,the drivers of C cycling in these often-waterlogged ecosystems are different from those that control C dynamics in upland forested soils.To explore how multiple abiotic and biotic characteristics of bogs interact to shape microbial activity in a northern,forested bog,we added a labile C tracer(13C-labeled starch)to in situ peat mesocosms and correlated heterotrophic respiration with natural variation in several microbial predictor variables,such as enzyme activity and microbial biomass,as well as with a suite of abiotic variables and proximity to vascular plants aboveground.We found that peat moisture content was positively correlated with respiration and microbial activity,even when moisture levels exceeded total saturation,suggesting that access to organic matter substrates in drier environments may be limiting for microbial activity.Proximity to black spruce trees decreased total and labile heterotrophic respiration.This negative relationship may reflect the influence of tree evapotranspiration and peat shading effects;i.e.,microbial activity may decline as peat dries and cools near trees.Here,we isolated the response of heterotrophic respiration to explore the variation in,and interactions among,multiple abiotic and biotic drivers that influence microbial activity.This approach allowed us to reveal the relative influence of individual drivers on C respiration in these globally important C sinks.

关键词： carbon cycling enzyme activity heterotrophic respiration labile carbon respiration ombrotrophic bog peat moisture plant proximity soil carbon sink

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Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome Secondary to Iatrogenic Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical medicine 2024年第5期13卷 155-161页

作者： Joseph Capito mitchell Hoyson Amie m. Ashcraft Hassan Suleiman courtney S. Pilkerton Department of Family medicine West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA Department of Clinical Family medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY USA Departments of Critical Care medicine & Nephrology Mount Sinai New York City NY USA

Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome (STLS) is a rare oncologic condition caused by the breakdown of neoplastic tissue in the absence of traditional anti-tumor therapy. It is postulated that cancers with rapidly dividing cells lead to increased cell turnover which exceeds the kidneys’ ability to adequately filtrate by-products of cellular breakdown (i.e., phosphate, potassium, anduric acid), leading to end organ damage. It has been reported in the past that kidney failure is a sequelae of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), but there have been no reports that demonstrate acute kidney injury (AKI) preceding TLS. The case presented here demonstrates TLS in a patient with no formal cancer diagnosis, who had received no chemotherapy or radiation that was precipitated by an iatrogenic AKI with chlorthalidone and ibuprofen. This unusual pattern of AKI preceding STLS may provide insight into the pathophysiology of the condition and could possibly lead to greater understanding of this phenomenon.

关键词： Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Acute Kidney Injury Lymphoma Chlorthalidone NSAID

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The plant hormone zeatin riboside inhibits T lymphocyte activity via adenosine A2A receptor activation

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2015年第1期12卷 107-112页

作者： courtney m Lappas Department of Biology Lebanon Valley College Annville PA USA

Cytokinins are plant hormones that play an integral role in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. The biological functions of cytokinins in mammalian systems are, however, largely uncharacterized. The naturally occurring cytokinin zeatin riboside has recently been demonstrated to activate the mammalian adenosine A2A receptor, which is broadly expressed by various cell types including immune system cells, with the activation of the A2AR playing a role in the regulation of cells involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. We show for the first time that zeatin riboside modulates mammalian immune system activity via an A2AR-dependent mechanism. Specifically, zeatin riboside treatment induces the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAmP） by T lymphocytes and inhibits the production by CD3^＋CD4^＋ T cells of interferon （IFN）-γ, IL-2, tumor-necrosis factor （TNF）-α, IL-4 and IL-13, and the production by CD3^＋CD8^＋ T cells of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α. Additionally, the upregulation of CD25, CD69 and CD40L by activated T lymphocytes is modulated by zeatin riboside. Zeatin riboside treatment also potently inhibits thioglycollate-induced peritoneal leukocytosis. The immunomodulatory activities of zeatin riboside are blocked by co-treatment with the selective A2AR antagonist Zm241385. These data suggest that zeatin riboside possesses therapeutic potential as a mammalian immunomodulatory agent.

关键词： adenosine A2A receptors T lymphocytes zeatin riboside

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Creating Prep to Play PRO for women playing elite Australian football:A how-to guide for developing injury-prevention programs

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第1期12卷 130-138页

作者： Andrea m.Bruder Alex Donaldson Andrea B.mosler Brooke E.patterson melissa Haberfield Benjamin F.mentiplay Patrick Clifton Nicole D.Livingstone OAm Kay m.Crossley La Trobe Sport and Exercise medicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086Australia Australian IOC Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086Australia Centre for Sport and Social Impact La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086 Australia Australian Football League MelbourneVIA 3086Australia

Background:Developing context-specific,evidence-informed,and implementable injury-prevention programs is challenging.Women playing in the elite Australian Football League for Women are at high risk of serious knee injuries,and no specific injury-prevention program exists.The objective of the study was to describe the collaborative process used to create a context-specific injury-prevention program.methods:A previously used intervention-development process was modified to incorporate a partnership with the sport’s governing organization and focus on engaging program implementers.The Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation and maintenance(RE-AIm)Sports Setting matrix guided program development and implementation strategies.Results:The 7-step process,aligned with the RE-AIm Sports Setting matrix,was applied to develop the injury-prevention program and was titled Prep to Play PRO.The steps were:(Step 1)gaining organizational support and establishing a project partnership;(Step 2)using research evidence and clinical experience;(Step 3)consulting content and context experts;(Step 4)engaging the organization,experts,program implementers,and end-users to concreate the intervention and develop implementation strategies;(Step 5)testing the intervention acceptability and feasibility;(Step 6)evaluating the intervention and implementation strategies against theory;and(Step 7)obtaining feedback from early implementers and end-users.Conclusion:Engaging critical stakeholders at multiple ecological levels(organization,team,and athlete)throughout program development and implementation planning support real-world use.The processes and activities described can guide future sports injury-prevention program development and implementation.

关键词： Athletes Elite Female Knee Injuries Sport

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Advancing proteomics and machine learning in the clinic:an editorial on“Noninvasive proteomic biomarkers for alcohol-related liver disease”

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第5期11卷 762-765页

作者： courtney D.mcGinnis Brenton I.m.Graham Peter S.Harris Kristofer S.Fritz Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

Alcohol-associated liver disease(ALD)is increasingly prevalent throughout the world(1).It remains the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide and contributes to approximately 6%of global deaths(2).ALD encompasses a wide range of hepatic pathologies,including steatosis,steatohepatitis,fibrosis,and cirrhosis(3).Given the severe lack of therapeutic interventions available to reverse the progression of ALD,it is currently the leading indication for liver transplantation(4).Advancements within the field are needed to identify diagnostic biomarkers for early detection and to develop therapeutics to ameliorate hepatic dysfunction and pathologies associated with ALD.

关键词： hepatic liver mortality

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A novel approach for removal of an inflatable penile prosthesis reservoir using laparoscopic instruments

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第1期19卷 132-134页

作者： Angie L Staller courtney m Chang Gavin N Wagenheim Run Wang Division of Urology University of Texas McGovern Medical School Houston Texas 77030USA Department of Urology University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center HoustonTexas 77030 USA.

In the setting of an infected inflatable penile prosthesis （IPP）, removal of the reservoir is a surgical challenge. We describe a novel technique for IPP reservoir removal at the time of IPP explantation utilizing laparoscopic instruments. We present two cases of infected IPPs requiring complete removal of all components of the implant. The corporal cylinders and scrotal pump were removed via a single penoscrotal incision.

关键词： infected inflatable penile

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Short-term effect of supplemental yeast extract without or with feed enzymes on growth performance, immune status and gut structure of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 378-390页

作者： Samuel m.Waititu Fugui Yin Rob patterson Juan C.Rodriguez-Lecompte Charles m.Nyachoti Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba201-12 Dafoe RoadWinnipegM6 R3T 2N2Canada Canadian Bio-systems Inc. CalgaryAB T2C OJTCanada Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPE C1A 4P3Canada

Background： This study investigated the response of piglets receiving a yeast extract without or with a multi-enzyme mixture compared with an antimicrobial growth promoter（AGP） on performance, immune status and gut structure after an E. coli lipopolysaccharide（LPS） challenge. Thirty-six pigs were allotted to six treatments including： a non-challenged control（NCC）; LPS-challenged control（CC）; CC ＋ AGP; CC ＋ yeast extract; CC ＋ enzymes; and CC ＋ enzymes ＋ yeast extract. On d 7, pigs were bled and thereafter injected with LPS or sterile saline. Blood samples were collected at 6, 48, and 96 h post-challenge. After 96 h post-challenge, pigs were euthanized to obtain duodenal, jejunal and ileal samples.Results： Overall（d 1 to 11）, compared with CC pigs, AGP attenuated the LPS-induced reduction in ADG（P = 0.004）,ADFI（P = 0.03） and gain/feed ratio（P = 0.01）. At 6 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower plasma urea N（PUN; P = 0.02）and serum TNF-α concentration（P = 0.07）, and higher platelet count（P = 0.04） and serum IL-10 concentration（P = 0.02） than CC pigs. At 48 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower PUN（P = 0.02） than CC pigs, whereas enzymes ＋ yeast extract interacted non-additively（P = 0.001） to reduce PUN. At 96 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower PUN（P = 0.02）and higher duodenal（P = 0.03）, jejunal（P = 0.01） and ileal（P = 0.07） villus height than CC pigs. In addition, enzymes ＋yeast extract interacted additively and non-additively to reduce ileal IFN-γ（P 0.10） were observed between AGP and enzymes ＋ yeast extract pigs on other measured parameters except for the downregulation of ileal IFN-γ（P ＆lt; 0.0001） and TNF-α（P = 0.003） in enzymes ＋ yeast extract pigs at 96 h post-challenge.Conclusions： The LPS challenged piglets receiving enzymes ＋ yeast extract showed beneficial responses in gut structure and immunity commensurate with those receiving antibiotics, though the latter had better overall growth performance.

关键词： Antimicrobial growth promoter Feed enzymes Growth performance Immunity Nucleotides Piglets

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Dose-response effects of in-feed antibiotics on growth performance and nutrient utilization in weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with yeast-based nucleotides

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 166-169页

作者： Samuel m.Waititu Jung m.Heo Rob patterson Charles m.Nyachoti Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology Chungnam National University Canadian Bio-systems Inc.

Dietary nucleotides are bioactive compounds with the potential to mitigate weaning-associated challenges in piglets. An experiment was conducted to determine the interaction effect of antimicrobial growth promoters(AGP) and a nucleotide-rich yeast extract(NRYE) on growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD) of dry matter(Dm), crude protein(CP) and gross energy(GE),and to establish whether NRYE supplementation may completely or partially replace AGP in diets for weaned pigs. In phase 1 and 2, corn, wheat, canola meal and soybean meal based diets, which were formulated to contain 0.0 or 0.1% NRYE with 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100% of the recommended AGP dosage, were fed to 108 twenty-one day old piglets(initial body weight 7.11 ± 0.9 kg; mean ±SD) from d 1 to 14 and15 to 28, respectively. Overall, increasing AGP level in NRYE supplemented diets linearly decreased average daily gain(ADG)(P = 0.002) and gain-to-feed ratio(G:F)(P = 0.007); and quadratically decreased ATTD of Dm(P = 0.001), CP(P =0.003) and G:F(P = 0.017) during phase 2. Compared with control and pigs fed NRYE with 100% of recommended AGP dosage, pigs fed 0.1% NRYE without AGP had greater(P menting 0.1% NRYE improved growth performance of pigs but this beneficial effect was reduced by increasing dietary AGP dosage.

关键词： Antimicrobial growth promoters Digestibility Growth performance Piglet Nucleotide-rich yeast extract

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Effect of hybrid rice varieties on growth and development of broilers and ducks

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 127-133页

作者： Frederick m.Lemieux courtney P.Villemarette Eddie K.Lyons Thomas H.Shields Norman German School of Agricultural Sciences McNeese State UniversityLake CharlesLA70609United States

Three experiments(Exp.1,n=144 broilers[Ross×Ross];Exp.2,n=118 mallard ducklings[Anas platyrhynchos];and Exp.3,n=75 mature mallard ducks)were conducted to determine the effects of 3 levels of unmilled hybrid rice on growth performance and organ and gastrointestinal tract develop-ment.The dietary treatments were 1)corn-soybean meal(basal),2)basal+5%hybrid rice,and 3)basal+10%hybrid rice for Exp.1 to 3,respectively.One bird from each pen in Exp.1(n=24)and all the birds in Exp.2(n=118)and Exp.3(n=75)were randomly selected and euthanized to determine linear measurements and organ and gastrointestinal tract weight.In Exp.1 and 2,birds fed 10%rice experi-enced slower growth(Pmance.Rice addition did not affect organ length or weight(P>0.05)in Exp.1.However,birds fed 5%rice had significantly increased(Pm,and jejunum weights in Exp.2,and 10%rice significantly increased(Pmilled rice to broiler and duck diets may reduce growth performance.

关键词： Hybrid rice Broiler mallard duckling mallard duck

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multilayer 3D Chiral Folding Polymers and Their Asymmetric Catalytic Assembly

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Research 2022年第2期2022卷 307-314页

作者： Yao Tang Shengzhou Jin Sai Zhang Guan-Zhao Wu Jia-Yin Wang Ting Xu Yu Wang Daniel Unruh Kazimierz Surowiec Yanzhang ma Shiren Wang courtney Katz Hongjun Liang Yunze Li Wellong Cong Guigen Li Department of Chemistry and Bochemistry Texas Tech UiniversityLubockTexas 79409-1061USA Institute of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences School of Chermistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UnivrsityNanjing 210093China Department of mechanical Engineering Texas Tech UniversilyLubockTexas 79409-1061USA Deparment of Indusrtrial。Systems Enginering Texas ACM UniversiyCollege StationTexas 77843USA Deparment of Cell Plhysiology and molecular Biophysics School of MedicineTexas Tech University Heath Sciemces CenterLubbockTX 79430-6551.USA Department of Indiustrial Engineering Texas Tech UniversityLubookTexas 79409.3061USA

A novel class of polymers and oligomers of chiral folding chirality has been designed and synthesized,showing structurally compacted triple.column/multiple layer frameworks.Both uniformed and diferentiated aromatic chromophoric units were successfully constructed between naphthy!piers of this framework.Screening monomers,catalysts,and catalytic systems led 1o the success of asymmetric catalytic Suzuki-miyaura polycouplings Enantio-and diastereochemistry were unambiguously determined by X-ray structural analysis and concurrently by comparison with a similar asymmetric induction by the same catalyst in the asymmetric synthesis of a chiral three layered product.The resuling chiral polymers exhibit intense fluorescence activity in a solid form and solution under speci fic wavelength irradiation.

关键词： chiral asymmetric Catalytic

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