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Gain in polycrystalline Nd-doped alumina: leveraging length scales to create a new class of high-energy, short pulse, tunable laser materials

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light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 783-794页

作者： Elias H.Penilla luis F.Devia-Cruz Matthew A.Duarte corey l.hardin Yasuhiro Kodera Javier E.Garay Advanced Materials Processing and Synthesis(AMPS)laboratory UC San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA Materials Science&Engineering and Mechanical&Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Traditionally accepted design paradigms dictate that only optically isotropic(cubic)crystal structures with high equilibrium solubilities of optically active ions are suitable for polycrystalline laser gain *** restriction of symmetry is due to light scattering caused by randomly oriented anisotropic crystals,whereas the solubility problem arises from the need for sufficient active dopants in the *** criteria limit material choices and exclude materials that have superior thermo-mechanical properties than state-of-the-art laser ***(Al_(2)O_(3))is an ideal example;it has a higher fracture strength and thermal conductivity than today’s gain materials,which could lead to revolutionary laser ***,alumina has uniaxial optical proprieties,and the solubility of rare earths(REs)is two-to-three orders of magnitude lower than the dopant concentrations in typical RE-based gain *** present new strategies to overcome these obstacles and demonstrate gain in a RE-doped alumina(Nd:Al_(2)O_(3))for the first *** key insight relies on tailoring the crystallite size to other important length scales—the wavelength of light and interatomic dopant distances,which minimize optical losses and allow successful Nd *** result is a laser gain medium with a thermo-mechanical figure of merit of R_(s)~19,500 Wm^(−1) a 24-fold and 19,500-fold improvements over the high-energy-laser leaders Nd:YAG(R_(s)~800Wm^(−1))and Nd:Glass(R_(s)~1Wm^(−1)),***,the emission bandwidth of Nd:Al_(2)O_(3) is broad:~13 *** successful demonstration of gain and high bandwidth in a medium with superior R_(s) can lead to the development of lasers with previously unobtainable highpeak powers,short pulses,tunability,and high-duty cycles.

关键词： dopant tunable high

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Methods for the development and assessment of atrial fibrillation and heart failure dog models

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2011年第3期8卷 133-140页

作者： Jon F Urban Renee l Gerhart Jason R Krzeszak corey R leet linnea R lentz Carolyn B McClay Medtronic Inc. 710 Medtronic Parkway MS C200 Minneapolis MN 55432-5604 USA

Objective To report Medtronic experiences with the development of animal models for atrial fibrillation （AF） and chronic heart failure （CHF） using high-rate pacing for AF and microemboli for CHF. Methods For the AF model, an atrial lead was attached to a Medtronic SynergyTM neurostimulator, which was programmed to stimulate at 50 Hz in an on-off duty cycle. Atrial natfiuretic peptide （ANP）, brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） and N-terminal pro brain nalriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） were assayed at select time points. For CHF model, a serial injection of 90 μm polystyrene microspheres at 62,400 beads/ml （Polybead, Polysciences, Inc.） was performed to induce global ischemia, either with weekly monitoring and embolization schedule （group 1, n = 25） or with biweekly monitoring and emboliation schedule （group 2, n = 36 ）. Echocardiograms were used along with ventriculograms and magnetic resonance imaging scans weekly to assess cardiac function and ANP, BNP and NT-proBNP were monitored. Results For the AF model, the days to sustained AF for four animals following surgery were 7, 25, 21 and 19, respectively; For the CHF model, the days to meet CHF endpoints were 116 in group 1 and 89 in group 2. For both AF and CHF models, NT-proBNP correlated well with the development of disease states. Conclusion Our experience for the development and assessment of AF and CHF dog models may help researchers who are in search for animal model for assessing the safety and efficacy of a device-based therapy.

关键词： atrial fibrillation congestive heart failure biological markers dog models microembolism

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Systemic evidence of acute seizureassociated elevation in serum neuronal injury biomarker in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

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Acta Epileptologica 2019年第1期1卷 3-17页

作者： Shailaja Kunda Reghann G.laFrance-corey Fatemeh Khadjevand Gregory A.Worrell Charles l.Howe Department of Neurology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA. Translational Neuroimmunology lab Mayo ClinicGuggenheim 15-42C200 First St SWRochesterMN 55905USA. Epilepsy and Neurophysiology lab Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA. Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA. Center for Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA.

Background:Patients with drug refractory temporal lobe epilepsy frequently accumulate cognitive impairment over time,suggesting loss of neurons induced by *** objective was to determine whether there is a temporal association between changes in serum levels of neural injury markers and electroencephalographic(EEG)evidence of seizures and interictal ***:We measured serum levels of neuron-specific enolase(NSE),a neuronal injury marker,relative to levels of S100β,a marker of glial injury,at 6 AM,9 AM,noon,3 PM,and 6 PM over the course of several days in 7 epilepsy patients undergoing continuous video-EEG monitoring and in 4 healthy ***:All epilepsy patients exhibited significant deviations in NSE levels through time,and 4 of the epilepsy patients exhibited large sample entropy values and large signal variation metrics for NSE relative to S100β.Controls did not exhibit such *** analysis revealed that NSE levels were significantly elevated after *** was also a highly significant relationship between increased EEG spike frequency and an increase in serum NSE levels measured 24 h ***:The detection of large but transient post-ictal increases in NSE suggests that even self-limited seizures may cause an injury to neurons that underlies cognitive decline in some *** this study used a small patient population,the pilot findings suggest that post-ictal assessment of serum NSE may serve as a biomarker for measuring the efficacy of future acute neuroprotective strategies in epilepsy patients.

关键词： Neuroprotection Neuron-specific enolase Biomarker Temporal lobe epilepsy Entropy Spike frequency

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Influence of harvest date on seed yield and quality in forage kochia

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2018年第1期5卷 71-79页

作者： Cody F.CREECH Blair l.WAlDRON corey V.RANSOM Dale R.ZOBEll Joseph Earl CREECH Department of Plants Soils and Climate Utah State University USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Laboratory Department of Animal Dairy and Veterinary Sciences Utah State University

Forage kochia(Bassia prostrata) is used for rangeland reclamation and livestock and wildlife forage,but limited research has been conducted on its seed production. Therefore, this research evaluated the effect of harvest date on seed weight, germination, and seed yield of forage kochia subspecies virescens and grisea. Seed was harvested from individual plants for 3 years during October, November, and December. October harvest had the lightest 100-seed weights, with the November harvest slightly heavier than December, for most *** Snowstorm and breeding line Sahsel, both subsp. grisea, had the greatest 100-seed weights in November, 155 and 143 mg, respectively, whereas, ***(subsp. virescens), the standard for forage kochia, ranked among the least for 100-seed weight. For most accessions, germination was lowest from the October harvest(11%–43%), with greater germination with November and December harvested seeds(43%–64%).Viable seed yields were greatest in November with the exception of two accessions, which peaked in October,indicating earlier maturity. Results indicate that forage kochia usually reaches optimum seed maturity by early November, after plants are exposed to freezing temperatures; however, earlier maturing accessions exist in both subspecies virescens and grisea.

关键词： forage rangeland seed germination seed quality

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Optimizing Eastern Gamagrass Forage Harvests Using Growing Degree Days

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第10期7卷 710-715页

作者： Tim l. Springer Stacey A. Gunter Jason J. Goldman corey A. Moffet Southern Plains Range Research Station USDA-Agricultural Research Service Woodward OK USA

Tripsacum dactyloides (l.) l., commonly known as eastern gamagrass, is useful for grazing, stored forage, soil amelioration and conservation, and as a biofuel feedstock. Our goal was to calculate accumulated growing degree days (GDD) from existing datasets collected for eastern gamagrass forage production experiments in northwestern Oklahoma, and discuss the use of GDD, instead of calendar harvest dates, in the production of eastern gamagrass forage. Growing degree days were calculated from 1 January each year using the “optimum day method”. For 10 harvest years, the first eastern gamagrass harvest required 690 ± 26 cumulative GDD. Based on long-term weather data from Woodward, Oklahoma, this would place the first harvest on or near 1 June. The second harvest required 635 ± 27 cumulative GDD which would place the second harvest on or near 15 July and the third harvest required 690 ± 23 cumulative GDD placing it on or near 30 August. Each of the 30 harvest required an average of 670 ± 15 cumulative GDD. Using GDD to predict harvest events is a useful tool that forage producer can use in the production of eastern gamagrass forage in the USA and possibly elsewhere.

关键词： Eastern Gamagrass Tripsacum dactyloides Growing Degree Days

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Use of light-emitting diode(lED)lamps in combination with metal halide(MH)lamps reduce fuel consumption in the Vietnamese purse seine fishery

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第4期6卷 432-440页

作者： Khanh Q.Nguyen Phu D.Tran luong T.Nguyen Phuong V.To corey J.Morris Nha Trang University 2 Nguyen Dinh ChieuNha TrangViet Nam Fisheries and Oceans Canada St.John’sNL A1C 5X1Canada

The use of high-power lights during night-time purse seining is common in ***,metal halide(MH)lamps are used in the commercial fishery to attract fish,however these lights require more energy,have a shorter lifespan,and lower chromatic performance than light emitting diode(lED)*** study examined catch efficiency and fuel consumption when using lED lamps in combination with reduced numbers of MH lamps(10.24 kW),compared to conventional lighting(28.6 kW),used during purse seining off the coast of Ninh Thuan province,*** economic performance associated with using lED lamps in this fishery was also *** found no significant differences in catch rates between the different light treatments,however fuel consumption was significantly *** consumption per nightly trip using lED with MH lamps was 70.8 l(11.1 l/h)compared to114 l(17.45 l/hr)using MH lamps alone,an estimated 37.9%reduction in fuel *** investment in lED lamps by a fishing enterprise will require additional initial costs,however our analysis revealed the financial break-event point can be reached after approximately 101 nightly trips when the fuel price is at the 2015 level of USD$0.74 per *** enterprises can increase their profitability,and reduce CO2 emissions,by using lED lamps in the Vietnamese purse seine fishery.

关键词： lED light Purse seine fishery Fuel consumption Catch comparison Economic efficiency

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STING negatively regulates allogeneic T-cell responses by constraining antigen-presenting cell function

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第3期18卷 632-643页

作者： Hee-Jin ChoiTaylor Ticer Yongxia Wu Chih-Hang Anthony Tang corey Mealer David Bastian M.Hanief Sofi linlu Tian Steven Schutt Hee-Jin Choi Taylor Ticer Mengmeng Zhang Xiaohui Sui lei Huang Andrew l.Mellor Chih-Chi Andrew Hu Xue-Zhong Yu Microbiology&Immunology Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Immunology Microenvironment&Metastasis ProgramThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPAUSA Translational and Clinical Research Institute Faculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Medicine Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA Hollings Cancer Center Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA

Stimulator of interferon genes(STING)-mediated innate immune activation plays a key role in tumor-and self-DNA-elicited antitumor immunity and ***,STING can also suppress tumor immunity and *** signaling In host nonhematopoietic cells was reported to either protect against or promote graft-versus-host disease(GVHD),a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation(allo-HCT).Host hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells(APCs)play key roles in donor T-cell priming during GVHD ***,how STING regulates host hematopoietic APCs after allo-HCT remains *** utilized murine models of allo-HCT to assess the role of STING in hematopoietic ***-deficient recipients developed more severe GVHD after major histocompatibility complex-mismatched *** bone marrow chimeras,we found that STING deficiency in host hematopoietic cells was primarily responsible for exacerbating the ***,STING on host CD11c+cells played a dominant role in suppressing allogeneic T-cell ***,STING deficiency resulted in increased survival,activation,and function of APCs,including macrophages and dendritic ***,constitutive activation of STING attenuated the survival,activation,and function of APCs isolated from STING V154M knock-in ***-deficient APCs augmented donor T-cell expansion,chemokine receptor expression,and migration into intestinal tissues,resulting in accelerated/exacerbated *** pharmacologic approaches,we demonstrated that systemic administration of a STING agonist(bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate)to recipient mice before transplantation significantly reduced GVHD *** conclusion,we revealed a novel role of STING in APC activity that dictates T-cell allogeneic responses and validated STING as a potential therapeutic target for controlling GVHD after allo-HCT.

关键词： Stimulator of interferon genes antigen-presenting cells allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation graft-versushost diseases hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation T cells

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Applications of Vortex Gas Models to Tornadogenesis and Maintenance

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2017年第4期7卷 596-622页

作者： Pavel Bělík Douglas P. Dokken corey K. Potvin Kurt Scholz Mikhail M. Shvartsman Department of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science Augsburg University Minneapolis MN USA Department of Mathematics University of St. Thomas St. Paul MN USA Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma NOAA/OAR/National Severe Storms Laboratory Norman OK USA

Processes related to the production of vorticity in the forward and rear flank downdrafts and their interaction with the boundary layer are thought to play a role in tornadogenesis. We argue that an inverse energy cascade is a plausible mechanism for tornadogenesis and tornado maintenance and provides supporting evidence which is both numerical and observational. We apply a three-dimensional vortex gas model to supercritical vortices produced at the surface boundary layer possibly due to interactions of vortices brought to the surface by the rear flank downdraft and also to those related to the forward flank downdraft. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional vortex gas models are discussed, and the three-dimensional vortex gas model of Chorin, developed further by Flandoli and Gubinelli, is proposed as a model for intense small-scale subvortices found in tornadoes and in recent numerical studies by Orf et al. In this paper, the smaller scales are represented by intense, supercritical vortices, which transfer energy to the larger-scale tornadic flows (inverse energy cascade). We address the formation of these vortices as a result of the interaction of the flow with the surface and a boundary layer.

关键词： Vortex Gas Negative Temperature Supercritical Vortices Inverse Energy Cascade Tornadogenesis Tornado Maintenance

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Direct laser writing of volumetric gradient index lenses and waveguides

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light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 89-102页

作者： Christian R.Ocier corey A.Richards Daniel A.Bacon-Brown Qing Ding Raman Kumar Tanner J.Garcia Jorik van de Groep Jung-Hwan Song Austin J.Cyphersmith Andrew Rhode Andrea N.Perry Alexander J.littlefield Jinlong Zhu Dajie Xie Haibo Gao Jonah F.Messinger Mark l.Brongersma Kimani C.Toussaint Jr lynford l.Goddard Paul V.Braun Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Materials Research laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Carl R.Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaILUSA

Direct laser writing(DlW)has been shown to render 3D polymeric optical components,including lenses,beam expanders,and mirrors,with submicrometer ***,these printed structures are limited to the refractive index and dispersive properties of the ***,we present the subsurface controllable refractive index via beam exposure(SCRIBE)method,a lithographic approach that enables the tuning of the refractive index over a range of greater than 0.3 by performing DlW inside photoresist-filled nanoporous silicon and silica *** the laser exposure during printing enables 3D submicron control of the polymer infilling and thus the refractive index and chromatic *** SCRIBE’s unprecedented index range and 3D writing accuracy has realized the world’s smallest(15μm diameter)spherical luneburg lens operating at visible ***’s ability to tune the chromatic dispersion alongside the refractive index was leveraged to render achromatic doublets in a single printing step,eliminating the need for multiple photoresins and writing *** also has the potential to form multicomponent optics by cascading optical elements within a *** a demonstration,stacked focusing structures that generate photonic nanojets were fabricated inside porous ***,an all-pass ring resonator was coupled to a subsurface 3D *** measured quality factor of 4600 at 1550 nm suggests the possibility of compact photonic systems with optical interconnects that traverse multiple *** is uniquely suited for constructing such photonic integrated circuits due to its ability to integrate multiple optical components,including lenses and waveguides,without additional printed supports.

关键词： index refractive render

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Molecular regulation of calcium-sensing receptor(CaSR)-mediated signaling

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第3期10卷 167-194页

作者： li Tian corey Andrews Qiuyun Yan Jenny J.Yang Department of Chemistry Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsAdvanced Translational Imaging FacilityGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

Calcium-sensing receptor(CaSR),a family C G-protein-coupled receptor,plays a crucial role in regulating calcium homeostasis by sensing small concentration changes of extracellular Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),amino acids(e.g.,l-Trp and l-Phe),small peptides,anions(e.g.,HCO_(3)^(-)and PO_(4)^(3-)),and ***-mediated intracellular Ca^(2+)signaling regulates a diverse set of cellular processes including gene transcription,cell proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,muscle contraction,and neuronal *** of CaSR with mutations results in diseases such as autosomal dominant hypocalcemia,familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia,and neonatal severe *** also influences calciotropic disorders,such as osteoporosis,and noncalciotropic disorders,such as cancer,Alzheimer's disease,and pulmonary arterial *** study first reviews recent advances in biochemical and structural determination of the framework of CaSR and its interaction sites with natural ligands,as well as exogenous positive allosteric modulators and negative allosteric *** establishment of the first CaSR protein-protein interactome network revealed 94 novel players involved in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,trafficking,cell surface expression,endocytosis,degradation,and signaling *** roles of these proteins in Ca^(2+)-dependent cellular physiological processes and in CaSR-dependent cellular signaling provide new insights into the molecular basis of diseases caused by CaSR mutations and dysregulated CaSR activity caused by its protein interactors and facilitate the design of therapeutic agents that target CaSR and other family C G-protein-coupled receptors.

关键词： calcium signaling calcium-sensing receptor G-protein-coupled receptors structure trafficking

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