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从符号转换到文化互释——论翻译人才培养中的母语能力与母语文化素养问题

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徐州工程学院学报（社会科学版） 2024年第2期39卷 94-101页

作者：刘雪瑽北京大学外国语学院北京100871

应重视译者母语能力及文化素养的问题在学界并非新论,但在翻译教学实践中却始终未能获得足够的重视,有必要进行重新阐述。首先从语言与思维的关系来看,由于外语的习得充分依赖母语及母语文化所参与搭建、塑造的思维框架,因此母语能力直... 详细信息

应重视译者母语能力及文化素养的问题在学界并非新论,但在翻译教学实践中却始终未能获得足够的重视,有必要进行重新阐述。首先从语言与思维的关系来看,由于外语的习得充分依赖母语及母语文化所参与搭建、塑造的思维框架,因此母语能力直接决定了外语水平的上限。其次从翻译运作机制和译者能力构成来看,不同语言、文化的不对等性使得“完美的翻译”并不存在,但在译者不断努力接近这一目标的过程中,某种程度上正是母语能力及母语文化素养决定了译文的高度。为适应人工智能翻译技术飞速发展的当下形势,翻译人才培养过程中学生自身的母语水平及文化素养更是亟待提高。为解决这一问题,或可尝试对翻译硕士、博士的课程设置进行相应的调整。

关键词：母语能力文化素养翻译学翻译硕士课程设置

Efficacy of the hypoxia-activated prodrug evofosfamide (TH-302) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo

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Cancer Communications 2018年第1期38卷 179-187页

作者： Yan Huang Ying Tian Yuanyuan Zhao cong xue Jianhua Zhan Lin Liu Xiaobo He Li Zhang State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and TherapySun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060GuangdongP.R.China Department of Medical Oncology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060GuangdongP.R.China Department of Experimental Research Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060GuangdongP.R.China Department of Medical Oncology The Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519000GuangdongP.R.China Department of Radiation Oncology The Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519000GuangdongP.R.China

Background:Tumor hypoxia is considered an important factor in metastasis and disease relapse.Evofosfamide is a hypoxia-activated prodrug that selectively targets the hypoxic regions of solid tumors.As hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)is overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)tissues,we performed the present study to evaluate the efficacy profile of evofosfamide in NPC.Methods:We evaluated the efficacy of evofosfamide as a single agent or combined with cisplatin(DDP)in the NPC cell lines CNE-2,HONE-1 and HNE-1,and in nude mouse xenograft tumor models.Results:Evofosfamide exhibited hypoxia-selective cytotoxicity in NPC cell lines,with 50%inhibition concentration(IC50)values of 8.33±0.75,7.62±0.67,and 0.31±0.07μmol/L under hypoxia in CNE-2,HONE-1 and HNE-1 cells,respectively.The sensitization ranged from ninefold to greater than 300-fold under hypoxia compared with normoxia controls.The combination of evofosfamide with DDP had a synergistic effect on cytotoxicity in the NPC cell lines by combination index values assessment.Cell cycle G2 phase was arrested after treated with 0.05μmol/L evofosfamide under hypoxia.Histone H2AX phosphorylation(γH2AX)(a marker of DNA damage)expression increased while HIF-1αexpression suppressed after evofosfamide treatment under hypoxic conditions.In the HNE-1 NPC xenograft models,evofosfamide exhibited antitumor activity both as a single agent and combined with DDP.Hypoxic regions in xeno-graft tissue were reduced after both evofosfamide monotherapy and combined therapy with DDP.Conclusions:Our results present preclinical evidence for targeting the selective hypoxic portion of NPC by evofosfa-mide as a single agent and combined with DDP and provide rationale for the potential clinical application of evofosfa-mide for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

关键词： Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) Hypoxia-induced factor-1α(HIF-1α) Hypoxia-activated prodrug Chemotherapy Xenograft tumor models

Acute and Chronic Changes and Predictive Value of Tpeak-Tend for Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Patients

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2016年第18期129卷 2204-2211页

作者： cong xue Wei Hua Chi Cai Li-Gang Ding Zhi-Min Liu Xiao-Han Fan Yun-Zi Zhao Shu Zhang Cardiac Arrhythmia Center State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College

Background:Prolongation of the Tpeak-Tend（TpTe）interval as a measurement of transmural dispersion of repolarization（TDR）is an independent risk factor for chronic heart failure mortality.However,the cardiac resynchronization therapy's（CRT）effect on TDR is controversial.Therefore,this study aimed to evaluate CRTs acute and chronic effects on repolarization dispersion.Furthermore,we aimed to investigate the relationship between TpTe changes and ventricular arrhythmia.Methods:The study group consisted of 101 patients treated with CRT-defibrillator（CRT-D）.According to whether TpTe was shortened,patients were grouped at immediate and 1-year follow-up after CRT,respectively.The echocardiogram index and ventricular arrhythmia were observed and compared in these subgroups.Results:For all patients,TpTe slightly increased immediately after CRT-D implantation,and then decreased at the 1-year follow-up（from107±23 to 110±21 ms within 24 h,to 94±24 ms at 1-year follow-up,F=19.366,P<0.001）.No significant difference in the left ventricular reverse remodeling and ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation（VT/VF）episodes between the TpTe immediately shortened and TpTe immediately nonshortened groups.However,patients in the TpTe at 1-year shorten had a higher rate of the left ventricular（LV）reverse remodeling（65%vs.44%,X2=4.495,P=0.038）and less VT/VF episodes（log-rank test,X2=10.207,P=0.001）compared with TpTe 1-year nonshortened group.TpTe immediately after CRT-D independently predicted VT/VF episodes at 1-year follow-up（hazard ratio[HR],1.030;P=0.001）.Conclusions:Patients with TpTe shortened at 1-year after CRT had a higher rate of LV reverse remodeling and less VT/VF episodes.The acute changes of TpTe after CRT have minimal value on mechanical reverse remodeling and ventricular arrhythmia.

关键词： Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Dispersion of Repolarization Tpeak-Tend Interval

我国726所医疗机构消化内镜中心清洗消毒人员相关调查与分析

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临床和实验医学杂志 2024年第3期23卷 333-336,F0003页

作者：韦键丛雪首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院护理部北京100050 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化分中心北京100050

目的了解全国范围内的消化内镜中心清洗消毒人员组成与培训的现况,加强对消化内镜清洗消毒人员的管理,促进我国内镜清洗消毒人员培训体系的形成,提高消化内镜清洗消毒质量。方法2020年10月至2022年2月,采用便利抽样的方式,选取全国744... 详细信息

目的了解全国范围内的消化内镜中心清洗消毒人员组成与培训的现况,加强对消化内镜清洗消毒人员的管理,促进我国内镜清洗消毒人员培训体系的形成,提高消化内镜清洗消毒质量。方法2020年10月至2022年2月,采用便利抽样的方式,选取全国744所医疗机构,针对消化内镜清洗消毒人员结构组成与培训现状进行问卷调查。结果共计纳入26个省市的726所医疗机构(其中三级医院460家,二级医院266家)。消化内镜清洗消毒人员结构与培训现状:(1)清洗消毒专职人员结构:有清洗消毒技术人员的189所(26.03%),轮岗护士的193所(26.58%),护士固定岗的195所(26.86%),轮岗护士+清洗消毒专职人员的81所(11.16%);(2)岗前培训:474所(65.29%)的医疗机构有统一的洗消上岗培训规范,但375所(51.65%)的医疗机构没有消化内镜洗消专业上岗证;(3)内镜清洗消毒人员的培训:为内镜清洗消毒人员提供培训占比最高的是本单位内镜中心内部组织培训,共有435所(59.92%),为洗消人员提供培训最多的是本单位固定负责洗消质控护士,共有447所(61.57%),培训模式最多采用的是“手把手”教学,共有527所(72.59%);(4)内镜清洗消毒人员考核:536所(73.83%)的医疗机构会对洗消人员工作质量进行定期考核。结论我国消化内镜的开展仍处于上升期,各医疗机构内镜再处理过程中的清洗剂、消毒剂的选择和相关设备投入差异较大。应重视对消化内镜清洗消毒专职人员的培训与继续教育,并落实消化内镜清洗消毒专职人员的管理,如人员准入制度、上岗前、后的规范培训与考核。

关键词：消化内镜清洗消毒人员培训横断面调查

Chimeric Newcastle Disease Virus-like Particles Containing DC-Binding Peptide-Fused Haemagglutinin Protect Chickens from Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus and H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Challenge

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第4期35卷 455-467页

作者： Xiaohong Xu Jing Qian Lingsong Qin Jindou Li cong xue Jiaxin Ding Weiqi Wang Wei Ding Renfu Yin Ningyi Jin Zhuang Ding Laboratory of Infectious Diseases College of Veterinary MedicineKey Laboratory of Zoonosis ResearchMinistry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchun 130062China College of Basic Medical Science Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021China Institute of Veterinary Medicine Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Veterinary Bio-Product EngineeringMinistry of AgricultureNanjing 210014China College of Agriculture and Forestry Science Linyi UniversityLinyi 276000China

Newcastle disease virus(NDV)and H9N2 subtype Avian influenza virus(AIV)are two notorious avian respiratory pathogens that cause great losses in the poultry industry.Current inactivated commercial vaccines against NDV and AIV have the disadvantages of inadequate mucosal responses,while an attenuated live vaccine bears the risk of mutation.Dendritic cell(DC)targeting strategies are attractive for their potent mucosal and adaptive immune-stimulating ability against respiratory pathogens.In this study,DC-binding peptide(DCpep)-decorated chimeric virus-like particles(cVLPs),containing NDV haemagglutinin–neuraminidase(HN)and AIV haemagglutinin(HA),were developed as a DC-targeting mucosal vaccine candidate.DCpep-decorated cVLPs activated DCs in vitro,and induced potent immune stimulation in chickens,with enhanced secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA)secretion and splenic T cell differentiation.40μg cVLPs can provide full protection against the challenge with homologous,heterologous NDV strains,and AIV H9N2.In addition,DCpep-decorated cVLPs could induce a better immune response when administered intranasally than intramuscularly,as indicated by robust s IgA secretion and a reduced virus shedding period.Taken together,this chimericVLPs are a promising vaccine candidate to control NDV and AIV H9N2 and a useful platform bearing multivalent antigens.

关键词： Newcastle disease virus-like particles DC-binding peptide H9N2 Secretory immunoglobulin A(sIgA) Candidate vaccine

Predictors of super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy： the significance of heart failure medication, pre-implant left ventricular geometry and high percentage of biventricular pacing

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第12期14卷 737-742页

作者： Han JIN Min GU Wei HUA Xiao-Han FAN Hong-Xia NIU Li-Gang DING Jing WANG cong xue Shu ZHANG The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China

BackgroundSuper 应答者(SR ) 被定义为在心脏的再同步治疗(CRT ) 以后显示出关键心脏的功能改进的病人。这研究的目的是在 CRT.MethodsThis 学习注册了从 2010 ～ 2014 在时期期间经历了 CRT 的 201 个病人以后，识别并且验证 SR 的预... 详细信息

BackgroundSuper 应答者(SR ) 被定义为在心脏的再同步治疗(CRT ) 以后显示出关键心脏的功能改进的病人。这研究的目的是在 CRT.MethodsThis 学习注册了从 2010 ～ 2014 在时期期间经历了 CRT 的 201 个病人以后，识别并且验证 SR 的预言者。临床并且 echocardiographic 评估在 CRT 和 6 个月前被进行在以后。有在纽约心协会(NYHA ) 的减少的病人功能的班 1，在左室的结束收缩的体积(LVESV ) 的减少 15% ，并且最后的左室的喷射部分(LVEF ) 当经历了 CRT 的 201 个病人的 SRs.Results29% 作为 SR 被识别， 45% 被分类。在基线， SR 有显著地更小的左 atrial 直径(男孩) ， LVESV，左室的结束心脏舒张的体积(LVEDV ) 和比 non-super-responders (non-SRs ) 的更高的 LVEF。用变换血管收缩素的酶禁止者或血管收缩素受体 blockers (ACEI/ARB ) 的病人的百分比比 non-SRs 在 SR 是更高的。大多数 SR 有 Biventricular (BiV ) 在 CRT 以后在比 98% 六个月大的百分比上踱步。在 multivariate 逻辑回归分析， SR 的独立预言者是更低的 LVEDV [奇怪的比率(或) ：0.93；信心间隔(CI ) ：0.90-0.97 ] ， ACEI/ARB 的使用(或：0.33；CI：0.13-0.82 ) 并且比 98% 大的 BiV 踱步百分比(或：0.29；CI：0.16-0.87 ) 有 ACEI/ARB 和更少 ectatic 的更好的依从的 .ConclusionPatients 在 CRT 前的室的几何学趋于有成为 SR 的更大的可能性。BiV 踱步的更高的百分比为成为 SR 是必要的。

关键词：几何学心脏预言治疗再同步反应植入血管收缩

Cardiac resynchronization therapy improved the clinical outcomes in pacemaker patients upgraded to biventricular device

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第10期14卷 649-651页

作者： Han JIN Wei HUA Li-Gang DING Jing WANG Hong-Xia NIU Min GU cong xue Shu ZHANG The Cardiac Arrhythmia Center Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China

The right ventricular pacing (RVP) is the standard treatment for patients with severe bradyarrhythmias; however, it may cause and exacerbate heart failure symptoms in a long run under some circumstances. In fact, significant left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and symptomatic heart failure (HF) is commonly found in patient population with pacemaker implantations.

关键词：心脏的再同步治疗长期的权利室的踱步心失败升级

A multicenter,retrospective.epidemiologic survey of the clinical features and management of bone metastatic disease in China

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2016年第5期35卷 223-228页

作者： Yunpeng Yang Yuxiang Ma Jin Sheng Yan Huang Yuanyuan Zhao Wenfeng Fang Shaodong Hong Ying Tian cong xue Li Zhang Department of Medical Oncology Sun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine

Background:Bone metastases are common in patients with advanced cancer.Bisphosphonates(BPs) could prevent or delay the development of skeleton-related events(SREs).The present study aimed to identify the clinical features of and treatment strategies for Chinese patients with bone metastases.Methods:Consecutive cancer patients who had bone metastases and received BP treatment were enrolled.A questionnaire was developed to collect the patients' clinical data,as well as information on the diagnosis and management of bone metastases.Physicians' awareness of the guidelines and knowledge of the application of BP were also assessed.Results:A total of 3223 patients with lung cancer(36.5%),breast cancer(30.9%),prostate cancer(8.5%),and gastrointestinal cancer(5.7%) were included in this study.The sites of bone metastases were the thoracic spine(56.0%),lumbar spine(47.1%),ribs(32.6%),and pelvis(23.2%).The SRE frequency was the highest in patients with multiple myeloma(36.6%),followed by those with lung cancer(25.9%),breast cancer(20.2%),prostate cancer(18.2%),and gastrointestinal cancer(17.3%).Irradiation to the bone was the most frequent SRE(58%in lung cancer patients,45%in breast cancer patients,and 48%in prostate cancer patients).Our survey also showed that 45.5%of patients received BP within 3 months after their diagnosis of bone metastases,whereas the remaining 54.5%of patients did not receive BP treatment until at least 3 months after their diagnosis of bone metastases.The SRE frequency in the former group was significantly lower than that in the latter group(4.0%vs.42.3%,P < 0.05).In patients with more than 6 months of continuous BP treatment,the mean time to the first SRE was significantly longer than that in patients with less than 6 months of continuous BP treatment(7.2 vs.3.4 months,P < 0.05).In addition,12.2%of the physicians were not aware of the efficacy of BP in preventing and delaying SRE.Only half(52.3%) of the physicians agreed that the BP treatment should persist for at least 6 months unless it was intol

关键词： Bisphosphonates, Bone metastases, Skeleton-related events, Chinese cancer patients

Clinical outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy in dilated-phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第4期14卷 238-244页

作者： Min GU Han JIN Wei HUA Xiao-Han FAN Hong-Xia NIU Tao TIAN Li-Gang DING Jing WANG cong xue Shu ZHANG Cardiac Arrhythmia Center State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China

sClinical 试用证明了那心脏的再同步治疗(CRT ) 在有 non-ischemic 心肌症的病人是有效的。然而，有扩大阶段的 hypertrophic 心肌症(DHCM ) 的病人通常从如此的试用被排除了。我们试图在病人把 CRT 的临床的结果与 DHCM，自发的扩大... 详细信息

sClinical 试用证明了那心脏的再同步治疗(CRT ) 在有 non-ischemic 心肌症的病人是有效的。然而，有扩大阶段的 hypertrophic 心肌症(DHCM ) 的病人通常从如此的试用被排除了。我们试图在病人把 CRT 的临床的结果与 DHCM，自发的扩大心肌症(IDCM ) ，或 312 个连续病人的 ischemic 心肌症(ICM ).MethodsA 总数作比较(DHCM：n = 16；IDCM：n = 231；ICM：n = 65 ) 在 Fuwai 医院里经历 CRT 分别地被学习。对 CRT 的反应在左室的结束收缩的体积(LVESV ) 被定义为减小 15% 在有 DHCM 的 6 月的 follow-up.ResultsCompared， IDCM 与更低的全部的死亡被联系(HR：0.35， 95% CI：0.13-0.90 ) ，心脏的死亡(HR：0.29；95% CI：0.11-0.77 ) ，并且全部的死亡或心失败(HF ) 住院(HR：0.34， 95% CI：0.17-0.69 ) ，独立于已知的 confounders。与 DHCM，全部的死亡，心脏的死亡和总数相比，死亡或 HF 住院赞成了 ICM，但是不是统计上重要的(HR：0.59， 95% CI：0.22-1.61；HR：0.59， 95% CI：0.21-1.63；HR：0.54， 95% CI：0.26-1.15；分别地) 。尽管，到 CRT 的反应率比另外的二个组在 DHCM 组是更低的差别 didnt 活动范围有 IDCM 的统计 significance.ConclusionsCompared， DHCM 在 CRT 以后与更坏的结果被联系。收到 CRT 的 DHCM 病人的临床的结果类似于或比 ICM 病人的甚至更坏。这些显示 DHCM 很不同地表现在 CRT 以后。

关键词：临床疗效心肌病心脏病厚型治疗同步化临床试验 CRT