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A Comparison between the Metric Dimension and Zero Forcing Number of Trees and Unicyclic Graphs

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2017年第6期33卷 731-747页

作者： Linda EROH cong x.kang Eunjeong YI University of Wisconsin Oshkosh Oshkosh WI 54901 USA Texas A & M University at Galveston Galveston TX 77553 USA

The metric dimension dim（G） of a graph G is the minimum number of vertices such that every vertex of G is uniquely determined by its vector of distances to the chosen vertices. The zero forcing number Z（G） of a graph G is the minimum eardinality of a set S of black vertices （whereas vertices in V（G）／S are colored white） such that V（G） is turned black after finitely many applications of ＂the color-change rule＂： a white vertex is converted black if it is the only white neighbor of a black vertex. We show that dim（T） ≤Z（T） for a tree T, and that dim（G）≤Z（G）＋I if G is a unicyclic graph; along the way, we characterize trees T attaining dim（T） = Z（T）. For a general graph G, we introduce the ＂cycle rank conjecture＂. We conclude with a proof of dim（T） - 2 ≤ dim（T ＋ e） ≤dim（T）＋ 1 for e∈ E（T）.

关键词： Distance resolving set metric dimension zero forcing set zero forcing number tree,unicyclic graph cycle rank

Breaking Solvation Dominance Effect Enabled by Ion-Dipole Interaction Toward Long-Spanlife Silicon Oxide Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第4期17卷 367-380页

作者： Shengwei Dong Lingfeng Shi Shenglu Geng Yanbin Ning cong kang Yan Zhang Ziwei Liu Jiaming Zhu Zhuomin Qiang Lin Zhou Geping Yin Dalong Li Tiansheng Mu Shuaifeng Lou State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China School of Marine Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology at WeihaiWeihai 264200People’s Republic of China Chongqing Research Institute of HIT Chongqing 401135People’s Republic of China

Micrometer-sized silicon oxide(SiO)anodes encounter challenges in large-scale applications due to significant volume expansion during the alloy/de-alloy ***,an innovative deep eutectic electrolyte derived from succinonitrile is introduced to enhance the cycling stability of SiO *** functional theory calculations validate a robust ion-dipole interaction between lithium ions(Li^(+))and succinonitrile(SN).The cosolvent fluoroethylene carbonate(FEC)optimizes the Li^(+)solvation structure in the SN-based electrolyte with its weakly solvating *** dynamics simulations investigate the regulating mechanism of ion-dipole and cation-anion *** unique Li^(+)solvation structure,enriched with FEC and TFSI^(-),facilitates the formation of an inorganic-organic composite solid electrolyte interphase on SiO ***-CT further detects the inhibiting effect on the SiO volume *** a result,the SiO|LiCoO_(2) full cells exhibit excellent electrochemical performance in deep eutectic-based *** work presents an effective strategy for extending the cycle life of SiO anodes by designing a new SN-based deep eutectic electrolyte.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Micrometer-sized silicon oxide Ion-dipole interaction Long-term cycling

Advancements in Passive Wireless Sensing Systems in Monitoring Harsh Environment and Healthcare Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第5期17卷 145-192页

作者： Wei Yue Yunjian Guo Jong‐Chul Lee Enkhzaya Ganbold Jia-kang Wu Yang Li cong Wang Hyun Soo Kim Young-Kee Shin Jun-Ge Liang Eun-Seong Kim Nam-Young Kim RFIC Bio Centre Kwangwoon UniversitySeoul 01897South Korea Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering Kwangwoon UniversitySeoul 01897South Korea Department of Electronic Engineering Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122People’s Republic of China School of Microelectronics Shandong UniversityJinan 250101People’s Republic of China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001People’s Republic of China Department of Electronics Engineering Kwangwoon UniversitySeoul 01897South Korea Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical SciencesGraduate School of Convergence Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea

Recent advancements in passive wireless sensor technology have significantly extended the application scope of sensing,particularly in challenging environments for monitoring industry and healthcare *** systems are equipped with battery-free operation,wireless connectivity,and are designed to be both miniaturized and *** features enable the safe,real-time monitoring of industrial environments and support high-precision physiological measurements in confined internal body spaces and on wearable epidermal *** the exploration into diverse application environments,the development of a systematic and comprehensive research framework for system architecture remains elusive,which hampers further optimization of these *** review,therefore,begins with an examination of application scenarios,progresses to evaluate current system architectures,and discusses the function of each component—specifically,the passive sensor module,the wireless communication model,and the readout module—within the context of key implementations in target sensing ***,we present case studies that demonstrate the feasibility of proposed classified components for sensing scenarios,derived from this systematic *** outlining a research trajectory for the application of passive wireless systems in sensing technologies,this paper aims to establish a foundation for more advanced,user-friendly applications.

关键词： Wireless sensing Passive detection Harsh environment Biomedical monitoring Flexible sensors

Nickel-copper alloying arrays realizing efficient co-electrosynthesis of adipic acid and hydrogen

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第02期101卷 7-15页

作者： xuhui Ren Qianyu Zhang Yun Tong Guorong Zhou cong Lin Yanying Zhao Pengzuo Chen School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Sci-Tech University

Constructing electrocatalytic overall reaction technology to couple the electrosynthesis of adipic acid with energy-saving hydrogen production is of significant for sustainable energy ***,the development of highly-active bifunctional electrocatalysts remains a ***,3D hierarchical nickel-copper alloying arrays with dendritic morphology are manufactured by a simple electrodeposition process,standing for the excellent bifunctional electrocatalyst towards the co-production of adipic acid and H2from cyclohexanone and *** membrane-free flow electrolyzer of Cu0.81Ni0.19/NF shows the superior electrooxidation performance of ketone-alcohol（KA） oil with high faradaic efficiencies of over 90% for adipic acid and H2,robust stability over 200 h as well as a high yield of 0.6 mmol h-1for adipic acid at 100 mA ***-situ spectroscopy indicates the Cu0.81Ni0.19alloy contributes to forming more active NiOOH species to involve in the conversion of cyclohexanone to adipic acid,while the proposed reaction pathway undergoes the 2-hydroxycyclohexanone and 2,7-oxepanedione ***,the theoretical calculations confirm that the optimal electronic interaction,boosted reaction kinetics as well as improved adsorption free energy of reaction intermediates,synergistically endows Cu0.81Ni0.19alloy with superior bifunctional performance.

关键词： Adipic acid Cu0.81Ni0.19 alloy Cyclohexanone oxidation reaction Hydrogen evolution reaction Hydrogen fuel

Overview of in-situ oxygen production technologies for lunar resources

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 233-255页

作者： Youpeng xu Sheng Pang Liangwei cong Guoyu Qian Dong Wang Laishi Li Yusheng Wu Zhi Wang College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyang 110870China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering National Engineering Research Center for Green Recycling of Strategic Metal ResourcesInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The rich resources and unique environment of the Moon make it an ideal location for human expansion and the utilization of extraterrestrial ***,crucial for supporting human life on the Moon,can be extracted from lunar regolith,which is highly rich in oxygen and contains polymetallic *** oxygen and metal extraction can be achieved using existing metallurgical ***,the ample reserves of water ice on the Moon offer another means for oxygen *** paper offers a detailed overview of the leading technologies for achieving oxygen production on the Moon,drawing from an analysis of lunar resources and environmental *** delves into the principles,processes,advantages,and drawbacks of water-ice electrolysis,two-step oxygen production from lunar regolith,and one-step oxygen production from lunar *** two-step methods involve hydrogen reduction,carbothermal reduction,and hydrometallurgy,while the one-step methods encompass fluorination/chlorination,high-temperature decomposition,molten salt electrolysis,and molten regolith electrolysis(MOE).Following a thorough comparison of raw materials,equipment,technology,and economic viability,MOE is identified as the most promising approach for future in-situ oxygen production on the *** the corrosion characteristics of molten lunar regolith at high temperatures,along with the Moon's low-gravity environment,the development of inexpensive and stable inert anodes and electrolysis devices that can easily collect oxygen is critical for promoting MOE technology on the *** review significantly contributes to our understanding of in-situ oxygen production technologies on the Moon and supports upcoming lunar exploration initiatives.

关键词： lunar resources in-situ oxygen production space metallurgy molten lunar regolith electrolysis

Thermal effects on wear behavior of additively manufactured NiTi shape memory alloys

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 147-164页

作者： xianghui HUANG Nan kang Pei WANG Mohamed EL MANSORI Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology MSMPHESAM UniversitéChâlons-en-Champagne 51006France Henan Key Laboratory of High-Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites Institute of Carbon Matrix CompositesHenan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station Institute for Manufacturing SystemsCollege StationTX 77843USA

NiTi alloys fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)additive manufacturing technology not only address the compositional instability resulting from complex processes but also solve the challenges of difficult machining of intricate aerospace ***,there are very few reports on the wear behavior of LPBF-NiTi *** the present work,the effects of microstructure and thermal treatment,including heat treatment and frictional heat,on the wear behavior of LPBF-NiTi alloy and 100Cr6 ball were analyzed through a series of tribological experiments with different sliding *** the average sliding speed increases(0.079–0.216 m/s),the wear rate of the as-built and heat-treated samples tends to decrease in the range of 2.69×10^(-3)–0.97×10^(-3)mm^(3)/*** the heat-treated LPBF-NiTi alloy is 46%harder than the as-built alloy is,the latter has a higher toughness(505 MJ/m^(3))and greater transformation strain of SIM(0.097).This leads to a coupling effect of heat treatment and sliding speed on the wear *** addition,the wear track morphologies under different sliding speeds are asymmetric due to the 24% greater acceleration at the far end from the motor and the 2.15 mm deviation between the maximum speed position and the geometric center of the *** wear modes of the as-built and heat-treated samples included adhesive,abrasive and delamination ***,the wear morphologies and dominant wear modes change with the frictionally caused heat release induced by the sliding speed.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Laser powder bed fusion NiTi alloys Wear resistance Sliding speed

Introducing strong metal–oxygen bonds to suppress the Jahn-Teller effect and enhance the structural stability of Ni/Co-free Mn-based layered oxide cathodes for potassium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 713-722页

作者： Yicheng Lin Shaohua Luo Pengyu Li Jun cong Wei Zhao Lixiong Qian Qi Sun Shengxue Yan School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University School of Resources and Materials Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province

Mn-based layered oxides（KMO） have emerged as one of the promising low-cost cathodes for potassiumion batteries（PIBs）.However,due to the multiple-phase transitions and the distortion in the MnO6structure induced by the Jahn-Teller（JT） effect associated with Mn-ion,the cathode exhibits poor structural ***,we propose a strategy to enhance structural stability by introducing robust metal-oxygen（M-O） bonds,which can realize the pinning effect to constrain the distortion in the transition metal（TM） ***,all the elements employed have exceptionally high crustal *** a proof of concept,the designed K0.5Mn0.9Mg0.025Ti0.025Al0.05O2cathode exhibited a discharge capacity of approximately 100 mA h g-1at 20 mA g-1with 79% capacity retention over 50 cycles,and 73% capacity retention over 200 cycles at 200 mA g-1,showcased much better battery performance than the designed cathode with less robust M-O *** properties of the formed M-O bonds were investigated using theoretical *** enhanced dynamics,mitigated JT effect,and improved structural stability were elucidated through the in-situ x-ray diffractometer（xRD）,in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）(and distribution of relaxation times（DRT） method),and ex-situ x-ray absorption fine structure（xAFS） *** study holds substantial reference value for the future design of costeffective Mn-based layered cathodes for PIBs.

关键词： Jahn-Teller effect Layered oxide cathodes Low-cost Potassium-ion batteries Robust M–O bonds

Stabilizing water and regulating interfacial electrostatic interaction with economical supporting salt for stable Zn metal anode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 429-436页

作者： Yiqun Du Rongkai kang Boya Zhang Han Wang Jianxin Zhang School of Material Science & Engineering University of Jinan Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University

Developing rechargeable aqueous Zn batteries for large-scale energy storage is impeded by inadequate reversibility and stability of the Zn anode,primarily caused by parasitic reactions and heterogeneous *** study proposes an economical electrolyte strategy to address these Zn-related *** addition of a supporting salt enhances the thermodynamic stability of water,reduces the number of highly reactive water molecules,and modulates the interfacial electrostatic *** approach effectively suppresses hydrogen evolution reaction and uncontrolled ***,the rationally proportioned electrolyte allows a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.93% for 1000 cycles in a Zn‖Cu battery and a prolonged lifespan exceeding 4800 h in Zn‖Zn *** knock-on effect is that Zn‖MnO2pouch cells deliver stable cycling performance,demonstrating the viability of this approach for practical applications.

关键词： Aqueous electrolyte Hydrogen bond Sodium citrate Solvation structure Zn anode

A Multi-faceted View of the x-Ray Spectral Variability in Seyfert Galaxy Ark 120

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2025年第1期25卷 228-239页

作者： Lu-xin Ren Jun-xian Wang Jia-Lai kang CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of AstronomyUniversity of Science and Technology of China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China

Utilizing a range of techniques including multi-band light curves,softness ratio analysis,structure functions,rms spectra,cross-correlation functions,and ratios of spectra from different intervals,we present a comprehensive study of the complex x-ray spectral variability in Seyfert 1 galaxy Ark 120,through re-analyzing its six xMM-Newton observations taken between 2003 and *** find a clear“softer-when-brighter”trend in the 2–10 ke V power-law component over long timescales,with this trend being timescale dependent,as it is much weaker on shorter timescales,similar to that previously detected in NGC ***,a rare“harder-when-brighter”trend is observed during one exposure,indicating dynamic changes in the spectral variability behavior of the power-law *** exceptional exposure,with the spectral variability indeed marked by a power-law pivoting at an unusually low energy of～2 ke V,suggests intricate variations in the thermal Comptonization processes within the ***,when the data below 2 ke V are included,we identify that the soft excess component adds significant complexity to the spectral variability,such as evidenced by a transition from“harder-when-brighter”to“softer-when-brighter”during another single *** extra complexity arises because the variability of the soft excess sometimes follows and sometimes does not follow the changes in the power-law *** findings underscore the necessity of applying multiple analytic techniques to fully capture the multifaceted spectral variability of AGNs.

关键词： galaxies: active galaxies: Seyfert x-rays: galaxies