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Physical and chemical changes of rapeseed meal proteins during toasting and their effects on in vitro digestibility

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 417-427页

作者： Sergio Salazar-Villanea Erik m.A.m.Bruininx Harry Gruppen Wouter H.Hendriks patrick Carré Alain Quinsac Antonius F.B.van der Poel Wageningen Livestock Research P.O.Box 3386700 AH WageningenThe Netherlands Animal Nutrition Group Wageningen University&ResearchP.O.Box 3386700 AH WageningenThe Netherlands Agfifirm Innovation Center Royal Dutch Agrifirm GroupP.O.Box 200187302 HA ApeldoornThe Netherlands Laboratory of Food Chemistry Wageningen University&ResearchP.O.Box 176700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands CREOL/OLEAD 11 rue MongeParc Industriel33600 PessacFrance Terres Inovia 11 rue MongeParc Industriel33600 PessacFrance

Background： Toasting during the production of rapeseed meal（RSm） decreases ileal crude protein（CP） and amino acid（AA） digestibility. The mechanisms that determine the decrease in digestibility have not been fully elucidated. A high protein quality, low-denatured, RSm was produced and toasted up to 120 min, with samples taken every 20 min. The aim of this study was to characterize secondary structure and chemical changes of proteins and glucosinolates occurring during toasting of RSm and the effects on its in vitro CP ***： The decrease in protein solubility and the increase of intermolecular β-sheets with increasing toasting time were indications of protein aggregation. The contents of NDF and ADIN increased with increasing toasting *** of arginine, lysine and O-methylisourea reactive lysine（OmIU-RL） linearly decreased with increasing toasting time, with a larger decrease of OmIU-RL than lysine. First-order reactions calculated from the measured parameters show that glucosinolates were degraded faster than lysine, OmIU-RL and arginine and that physical changes to proteins seem to occur before chemical changes during toasting. Despite the drastic physical and chemical changes noticed on the proteins, the coefficient of in vitro CP digestibility ranged from 0.776 to 0.750 and there were no effects on the extent of protein hydrolysis after 120 min. In contrast, the rate of protein hydrolysis linearly decreased with increasing toasting time, which was largely correlated to the decrease in protein solubility, lysine and OmIU-RL observed. Rate of protein hydrolysis was more than 2-fold higher for the untoasted RSm compared to the 120 min toasted ***： Increasing the toasting time for the production of RSm causes physical and chemical changes to the proteins that decrease the rate of protein hydrolysis. The observed decrease in the rate of protein hydrolysis could impact protein digestion and utilization.

关键词： Hydrolysis rate In vitro protein digestibility Rapeseed meal Reactive lysine Secondary structure

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Gas flow in rotary kilns

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 613-616页

作者： patrick R.Davies michael J.S.Norton D.Ian Wilson John F.Davidson David m.Scott Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePembroke StreetCambridgeCB2 3RAUK

This paper describes an experimental investigation on the flow characteristics within a rotating cylinder containing a rolling bed of sand. The axis of the cylinder was horizontal and there was no axial bulk flow of particles. The velocity field of the gas flowing through the cylinder was measured by hot-wire anemometry. The measurements indicate that the velocity field is asymmetric with respect to a diameter perpendicular to the granular bed. CFD calculations confirm this finding. The gas velocity profiles are crucial in determining heat transfer from gas to solid.

关键词： Rotating cylinderVelocity profile

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Dynamic magnetic resonance defecography in 10 asymptomatic volunteers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第46期18卷 6836-6842页

作者： Andreas G Schreyer Christian Paetzel Alois Fürst Lena m Dendl Elisabeth Hutzel René müller-Wille Philipp Wiggermann Stephan Schleder Christian Stroszczynski patrick Hoffstetter Department of Radiology University Medical Center Regensburg Department of Radiology Weiden Hospital Department of Surgery St. Josef Hospital

AIm: Evaluation of the wide range of normal findings in asymptomatic women undergoing dynamic magnetic resonance (mR) defecography. mETHODS: mR defecography of 10 healthy female volunteers (median age: 31 years) without previous pregnancies or history of surgery were evaluated. The rectum was filled with 180 mL gadolinium ultrasound gel mixture. mR defecography was performed in the supine position. The pelvic floor was visualized with a dynamic T2-weighted sagittal plane where all relevant pelvic floor organs were acquired during defecation. The volunteers were instructed to relax and then to perform straining maneuvers to empty the rectum. The pubococcygeal line (PCGL) was used as the line of reference. The movement of pelvic floor organs was measured as the vertical distance to this reference line. Data were recorded in the resting position as well as during the defecation process with maximal straining. Examinations were performed and evaluated by two experienced abdominal radiologists without knowledge of patient history. RESULTS: Average position of the anorectal junction was located at -5.3 mm at rest and -29.9 mm during straining. The anorectal angle widened significantly from 93° at rest to 109° during defecation. A rectocele was diagnosed in eight out of 10 volunteers showing an average diameter of 25.9 mm. The bladder base was located at a position of +23 mm at rest and descended to -8.1 mm during defecation in relation to the PCGL. The bladder base moved below the PCGL in six out of 10 volunteers, which was formally defined as a cystocele. The uterocervical junction was located at an average level of +43.1 mm at rest and at +7.9 mm during straining. The uterocervical junction of three volunteers fell below the PCGL; described formally as uterocervical prolapse. CONCLUSION: Based on the range of standard values in asymptomatic volunteers, mR defecography values for pathological changes have to be re-evaluated.

关键词： magnetic resonance imaging Defecography Standard values

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Integration of Indigenous Knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction: A Case Study from Baie martelli, Pentecost Island, Vanuatu

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2012年第4期3卷 185-194页

作者： Rory A.Walshe patrick D.Nunn Department of Geography Environment and Disaster ManagementCoventry UniversityCoventry CV15FBUnited Kingdom School of Behavioural Cognitive and Social SciencesUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South Wales 2351Australia

Despite reaching heights of >6 m and destroying a sizeable coastal settlement at the head of Baie martelli(Pentecost Island, Vanuatu, South Pacific), the 26 November 1999 tsunamis caused only five fatalities from a threatened population of about 300 persons, most of whom fled inland and upslope before the waves struck. This remarkable survival rate is attributed to both indigenous knowledge, largely in the form of kastom knowledge, and information obtained from a video about tsunamis that was shown in the area three weeks earlier. Interviews with 55 persons who experienced this tsunami suggest that indigenous knowledge about tsunami risk and response in Baie martelli was well known among key members of the community and was probably largely responsible for the appropriate response. Future strategies for disaster risk reduction should involve maintaining such indigenous knowledge in such communities and supplementing this where needed with scientific knowledge filtered through indigenous culture and language.

关键词： Island cost inland

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Environmental and energy requirements for different production biomass of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)in recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS)in Kenya

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第6期6卷 593-600页

作者： Daniel mwendwa Wambua patrick G.Home James m.Raude Stephen Ondimu Department of Soil Water and Environmental EngineeringJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyP.O.BOX 62000-00200NairobiKenya Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and TechnologyP.O.BOX 62000-00200NairobiKenya

Recirculating Aquaculture Systems(RAS)offers a better option to increase aquaculture production with limited land and water resources while minimizing water *** biggest challenges in RAS is to maintain favorable water quality for the fish to *** practice of RAS in Kenya is minimal with the improper matching of RAS components and production densities for the existing few and in most cases,leading to a system *** study aimed at evaluating environmental and energy requirements for different production biomass of Nile tilapia in a RAS established in a controlled *** production densities and water flow rates were varied while at the same time,the water quality parameters(dissolved oxygen,ammonia,pH,electrical conductivity and temperature)were *** energy consumed for pumping and aeration was also *** stocking biomass varied from 2.3 kg/m^(3) to 10 kg/m^(3) while flow rate was varied from 2.0 L/min and increased at intervals of 1.0 L/min to the maximum attainable flow rate of 10.0 L/*** pumice rock packed in a 1000 L tank and equipped with a bell siphon was used as the *** removal reduced with increasing flow rate with removal rates of 75%at 2.0-3.0 L/min to 9%at 8.0-10.0 L/*** water pH increased with increasing flow rate with R^(2) ranging from 0.4 to *** conductivity increased with flow rate from 112 mg/L to as high as 209 mg/*** oxygen increased with flow rate and ranged from 1.0 mg/L to 7.0 mg/*** consumption increased with flow rate and raged from 0.4 kW h at 2.3 kg/m^(3) stocking biomass to 2.4 kW h at 10 kg/m^(3)stocking *** stocking densities and flow rates resulted to lower purification efficiencies and higher power consumptions than low stocking densities and flow *** order to maintain good RAS water quality,increased production and profits among farmers using RAS in Kenya,there is need to give proper advice on the right combination of st

关键词： Biofilter Flow rate Purification efficiency Stocking biomass Water quality

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Growth and form of Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior respond distinctly different to initial growing space: results from 24-year-old Nelder experiments

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 1-14页

作者： Christian Kuehne patrick Pyttel Edgar Kublin Jürgen Bauhus Institute of Silviculture University of FreiburgD-79085 Freiburg i.Br.Germany. Faculty of Forests and Forestry University of Applied Sciences Wei- henstephan-TriesdorfHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 3D-85354 FreisingGermany Department of Biometry and Informatics Forest Research Station Baden-WürttembergPostfach 708D-79007 FreiburgGermany

Initial growing space is of critical importance to growth and quality development of individual trees. We investigated how mortality, growth （diameter at breast height, total height）, natural pruning （height to first dead and first live branch and branchiness） and stem and crown form of 24-year-old pedunculate oak （Quercus robur [L.]） and European ash （Fraxinus excelsior [L.]） were affected by initial spacing. Data were recorded from two replicate single-species Nelder wheels located in southern Germany with eight initial stocking regimes varying from 1,020 to 30,780 seedlings·ha？1. mortality substantially decreased with increasing initial growing space but significantly differed among the two species, averaging 59% and 15% for oak and ash plots, respectively. In contrast to oak, the low self-thinning rate found in the ash plots over the investigated study period resulted in a high number of smaller intermediate or suppressed trees, eventually retarding individual tree as well as overall stand development. As a result, oak gained greater stem dimensions throughout all initial spacing regimes and the average height of ash significantly increased with initial growing space. The survival of lower crown class ashes also appeared to accelerate self-pruning dynamics. In comparison to oak, we observed less dead and live primary branches as well as a smaller number of epicormic shoots along the first 6 m of the lower stem of dominant and co-dominant ashes in all spacing regimes. Whereas stem form of both species was hardly affected by initial growing space, the percentage of brushy crowns significantly increased with initial spacing in oak and ash. Our findings suggest that initial stockings of ca. 12,000 seedlings per hectare in oak and 2,500 seedlings per hectare in ash will guarantee a sufficient number of at least 300 potential crop trees per hectare in pure oak and ash plantations at the end of the self-thinning phase, respectively. If the problem of epicormic shoots a

关键词： spacing trial stocking self-thinning intraspecific competition qualification spatially explicit modelling generalized additive model

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Effective depth-of-penetration range due to hardness variation for different lots of nominally identical target material

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 171-176页

作者： patrick FRUEH Andreas HEINE Karl Ernst WEBER matthias WICKERT fraunhofer EmI Eckerstrasse 479104 FreiburgGermany

The effect of small variations of target hardness on the depth of penetration for nominally identical target material has not been addressed systematically in publications yet and is often neglected. An investigation of this issue for laboratory-scale long rod projectiles penetrating into semi-infinite rolled-homogeneous-armor steel targets was conducted. The tungsten-heavy-alloy penetrators were of length 90 mm and diameter6 mm. Five lots of armor steel with a nominal hardness range of 280–330 BHN provided material for the targets. The pursued approach consisted of hardness testing of the targets, in total 17 ballistic experiments at velocities in between 1250 m/s and 1780 m/s and data analysis.A linear regression analysis of penetration vs. hardness shows that a target hardness increase within the given range of 280–330 BHN may result in a reduction of penetration depth of about 5.8 mm at constant velocity. This is equal to a change of-12% at an impact velocity of 1250 m/s. A multiple linear regression analysis included also the influence of yaw angle and impact velocity. It shows that small yaw angles and slight variations of impact velocities provide a smaller variation of the semi-infinite penetration depths than a variation of target hardness within a typical specification span of 50 BHN. For such a span a change in penetration of approximately-4.8 mm due to hardness variation is found, whereas 1°of yaw angle or-10 m/s of velocity variation gives a change of about-1.0 mm respectively-0.9 mm. For the given example, the overwhelming part of the variation is to be attributed to hardness effects – 4.8 mm out of 5.8 mm(83%). For nominally identical target material the target hardness thus influences the ballistic test results more severely than the typical scatter in impact conditions.

关键词：硬度变化渗透深度靶材料一元线性回归分析多元线性回归分析地段穿透深度冲击速度

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Azoximer bromide and hydroxyapatite:promising immune adjuvants in cancer

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Cancer Biology & medicine 2023年第12期20卷 1021-1034页

作者： Jean-François Rossi patrick Frayssinet maksim matciyak Nikolai Tupitsyn Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence Sainte Catherine–Department of Hematology-BiotherapyAvignon 84918France University of montpellier UFR MédecineMontpellier 34090France HASTIm Inc. Rue de CauletToulouse 31300France Petrovax NPO Pharm Moscow 123112Russia Laboratory of Immunology of Hematopoiesis N.N.Blokhin Cancer Research Center(RCRC)Moscow 123112Russia

Immune adjuvants are immune modulators that have been developed in the context of infectious *** is currently a growing interest in immune adjuvants due to the development of immunotherapy against *** adjuvant mechanisms of action are focused on the initiation and amplification of the inflammatory response leading to the innate immune response,followed by the adaptive immune *** main activity lies in the support of antigen presentation and the maturation and functions of dendritic *** immune adjuvants are associated with a vaccine or incorporated into the new generation of m RNA *** immune adjuvants are used as ***(HA)ceramics and azoximer bromide(AZB)are overlooked molecules that were used in early clinical trials,which demonstrated clinical efficacy and excellent tolerance *** combined in an autologous vaccine was previously developed in the veterinary field for use in canine spontaneous ***,an original immune modulator derived from a class of heterochain aliphatic polyamines that is licensed in Russia,the Commonwealth of Independent States,and Slovakia for infectious and inflammatory diseases,is and now being developed for use in cancer with promising *** two immune adjuvants can be combined in various immunotherapy strategies.

关键词： Immune adjuvants cancer azoximer bromide hydroxyapatite Toll receptor agonists immunotherapy

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The effects of Spirulina on anemia and immune function in senior citizens

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 248-254页

作者： Carlo Selmi patrick SC Leung Laura Fischer Bruce German Chen-Yen Yang Thomas P Kenny Gerry R Cysewski m Eric Gershwin Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of California at DavisDavisCAUSA Department of medicine IRCCS Istituto Clinico HumanitasRozzanoMilanItaly Department of Food Science and Technology University of California at DavisDavisCAUSA Cyanotech Kailua-KonaHIUSA

Anemia and immunological dysfunction(***)are commonly found in older subjects and nutritional approaches are sought to counteract these *** is a filamentous and multicellular bule-green alga capable of reducing inflammation and also manifesting antioxidant *** hypothesized that Spirulina may ameliorate anemia and immunosenescence in senior citizens with a history of *** enrolled 40 volunteers of both sexes with an age of 50 years or older who had no history of major chronic *** took a Spirulina supplementation for 12 weeks and were administered comprehensive dietary questionnaires to determine their nutritional regimen during the *** cell count(CCC)and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)enzyme activity,as a sign of immune function,were determined at baseline and weeks 6 and 12 of *** study participants completed the entire study and the data obtained were *** the 12-week study period,there was a steady increase in average values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin in subjects of both *** addition,mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration also increased in male *** women appeared to benefit more rapidly from Spirulina ***,the majority of subjects manifested increased IDO activity and white blood cell count at 6 and 12 weeks of Spirulina *** may ameliorate anemia and immunosenescence in older *** encourage large human studies to determine whether this safe supplement could prove beneficial in randomized clinical trials.

关键词： functional food immunosenescence red blood cell IDO

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Treatment with a JAK1/2 inhibitor ameliorates murine autoimmune cholangitis induced by IFN overexpression

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2022年第10期19卷 1130-1140页

作者： Tihong Shao patrick S.C.Leung Weici Zhang Koichi Tsuneyama William m.Ridgway Howard A.Young Zongwen Shuai Aftab A.Ansari m.Eric Gershwi Department of Rheumatology and Immunology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina Division of Rheumatology Allergyand Clinical ImmunologySchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine Institute of Biomedical SciencesTokushima University Graduate SchoolTokushimaJapan Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute-FrederickFrederickMDUSA

The interferon(IFN)signaling pathways are major immunological checkpoints with clinical significance in the pathogenesis of *** have generated a unique murine model named ARE-Del,with chronic overexpression of IFNγ,by altering IFNγ***,these mice develop an immunologic and clinical profile similar to patients with primary biliary cholangitis,including high titers of autoantibodies and portal *** hypothesized that the downregulation of IFN signaling pathways with a JAK1/2 inhibitor would inhibit the development and progression of *** study this hypothesis,ARE-Del^(+/−)mice were treated with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib and serially *** inhibition resulted in a significant reduction in portal inflammation and bile duct damage,associated with a significant reduction in splenic and hepatic CD4^(+)T cells and CD8^(+)T ***,ruxolitinib inhibited the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IFNγand TNF from splenic CD4^(+)T ***,ruxolitinib treatment also decreased the frequencies of germinal center B(GC B)cells and T follicular helper(Tfh)cells and led to lower serological AmA *** note,liver and peritoneal macrophages were sharply decreased and polarized from m1 to m2 with a higher level of IRF4 expression after ruxolitinib ***,ruxolitinib inhibited the secretion of IL-6,TNF and mCP1 and the expression of STAT1 but promoted the expression of STAT6 in macrophages in vitro,indicating that m1 macrophage polarization to m2 occurred through activation of the STAT6-IRF4 *** data highlight the significance,both immunologically and clinically,of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in autoimmune cholangitis.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis Autoimmunity Interferons Janus Kinase Inhibitors Ruxolitinib

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