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Enhancement of mechanical properties of GTAW joints for ZC63 magnesium alloy by post-weld heat treatment

Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 251-263页

作者： Weiyang Zhou Qichi Le Ye Shi Qiyu Liao Tong Wang Qi Zou clodualdo aranas jr Key Lab of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Lightweight Structural Materials Liaoning ProvinceNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonE3B 5A3New BrunswickCanada

To further improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded(GTAW)welded joints for ZC63 magnesium alloy,post-weld heat treatment is carried out.It is found that the majority of the MgZnCu phase in the fusion zone(FZ)is dissolved in theα-Mg matrix under suitable heat treatment conditions.The remainder is diffusely distributed as rods or granules at the grain bound-aries.The excessive heat treatment temperature(460℃)leads to abnormal grain growth(AGG)in the FZ.The substructure gradient between the abnormally grown grains and the surrounding small grains pro-vides the driving force for AGG.Meanwhile,the dissolution of the MgZnCu phase weakens the hindering effect of the second phase on grain boundary migration,setting the stage for AGG.In addition,the detri-mental impact of the continuous MgZnCu phase on the mechanical properties of the welded joint is also lessened by its dissolution.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS),yield strength(YS)and elongation(EL)of the welded joints are 255 MPa,119 MPa and 27.0%,respectively,under the post-weld heat treatment process of 440℃×12 h.The welding coefficient of the welded joint reaches 97.0%,satisfying the service criteria set forth by the mechanical properties of the welded joints.

关键词： GTAW FZ Heat treatment AGG Mechanical properties

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Functionally graded structure of a nitride-strengthened Mg_(2)Si-based hybrid composite

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1239-1256页

作者： Jeongho Yang Woongbeom Heogh Hogi Ju Sukhyun Kang Tae-Sik Jang Hyun-Do Jung Mohammad Jahazi Seung Chul Han Seong Je Park Hyoung Seop Kim Susmita Bose Amit Bandyopadhyay Martin Byung-Guk Jun Young Won Kim Dae-kyeom Kim Rigoberto CAdvincula clodualdo aranas jr Sang Hoon Kim School of Mechanical Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Design Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Process Research 3 Team LG Display Co.Ltd.PajuGyeonggi-do 10845Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Institute of Well-Aging Medicare&Chosun University LAMP Center Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering École de Technologie SupérieureMontrealQuebec H3C 1K3Canada Material&Component Convergence R&D Center Korea Construction Equipment Technology InstituteGunsanJeollabuk-do 54002Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Graduate Institute of Ferrous&Eco Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangGyeongsangbuk-do 37673Republic of Korea Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWashington 99164USA School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA Research Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyIncheon 21999Republic of Korea Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio 44106USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee 37996USA Center for Nanophase Materials and Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37830USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew Brunswick E3B 5A3Cana

The ex-situ incorporation of the secondary SiC reinforcement,along with the in-situ incorporation of the tertiary and quaternary Mg_(3)N_(2) and Si_(3)N_(4) phases,in the primary matrix of Mg_(2)Si is employed in order to provide ultimate wear resistance based on the laser-irradiation-induced inclusion of N_(2) gas during laser powder bed fusion.This is substantialized based on both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reactionbased metallurgy of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid composite.This study also proposes a functional platform for systematically modulating a functionally graded structure and modeling build-direction-dependent architectonics during additive manufacturing.This strategy enables the development of a compositional gradient from the center to the edge of each melt pool of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid composite.Consequently,the coefficient of friction of the hybrid composite exhibits a 309.3%decrease to–1.67 compared to–0.54 for the conventional nonreinforced Mg_(2)Si structure,while the tensile strength exhibits a 171.3%increase to 831.5 MPa compared to 485.3 MPa for the conventional structure.This outstanding mechanical behavior is due to the(1)the complementary and synergistic reinforcement effects of the SiC and nitride compounds,each of which possesses an intrinsically high hardness,and(2)the strong adhesion of these compounds to the Mg_(2)Si matrix despite their small sizes and low concentrations.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Mg_(2)Si-SiC/nitride hybrid composite Both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reaction-based metallurgy Functionally graded structure Compositional gradient Wear resistance.

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Deformation‑Induced Strengthening Mechanism in a Newly Designed L‑40 Tool Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第1期36卷 21-34页

作者： Yuan Tian Kanwal Chadha clodualdo aranas jr Voestalpine Additive Manufacturing Centre Ltd MississaugaON L5N 7Y3Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada Planetary and Space Science Centre University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada

The microstructural and mechanical properties of a newly designed tool steel(L-40),specifcally designed to be employed in the laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technique,were examined.Melt pool boundaries with submicron dendritic structures and about 14%retained austenite phase were evident after printing.The grain orientation after high cooling rate solidifcation is mostlyα∥building direction(BD).Then,the heat treatment converted the microstructure into a conventional martensitic phase,reduced the retained austenite to about 1.5%,and increasedα∥BD texture.The heat-treated sample exhibits higher tensile strength(1720±14 MPa)compared to the as-printed sample(1540±26 MPa)along the building direction,mainly due to hardening caused by a lower volume fraction of retained austenite phase and precipitation of carbides.As a consequence of the strength-to-ductility trade-of,the heat-treated sample showed lower elongation(10%±2%)than that of the as-printed sample(18%±2%).It was observed that transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP)occurs in both the as-printed and heat-treated samples during tensile testing,which dynamically transforms the retained austenite into martensite,leading to improved ductility.The minimum driving force to initiate the displacive phase transformation is about 6000 J/mol,which was achieved during tensile testing.The strength and ductility of LPBF-produced L-40 were compared with the other LPBF-produced tool steels in literature;the data indicate that heat-treated L-40 has an excellent combination of strength and ductility complemented with high printability.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Laser powder bed fusion L-40 tool steel Phase transformation

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Precipitation Behaviour at the Interface of an Additively Manufactured M789-N709 Hybrid Alloy

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金属学报:英文版 2023年第8期36卷 1353-1370页

作者： Kudakwashe Nyamuchiwa Yuan Tian Kanwal Chadha Lu Jiang Thomas Dorin clodualdo aranas jr Mechanical Engineering Department University of New BrunswickFrederictonNBE3B 5A3Canada voestalpine Additive Manufacturing Centre Ltd. MississaugaONL5N 7Y3Canada Planetary and Space Science Centre University of New BrunswickFrederictonNBE3B 5A3Canada Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC3220Australia

A novel hybrid alloy, designed for plastic injection dies, was fabricated by depositing M789 steel on wrought N709 steel through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The M789-N709 interface (with a thickness of about 300 μm) is characterized by the variation of titanium content from 0 wt% in the N709 section to about 1 wt% near the M789 region. A thermodynamic and kinetic simulation after aging treatment was performed to reveal the precipitation behavior in the M789-N709 interface. Different sizes and amounts of ETA-Ni3(Ti,Al) strengthening precipitates exist, with a maximum volume fraction and radius of about 5% and 5 nm, respectively (near the M789 region). Moreover, the volume fraction of precipitates significantly increases with Ti additions of up to 0.6 wt% (i.e., 100 μm from the N709 region);however, beyond this threshold, the increase in the amount of precipitation becomes gradual. The thermodynamic and kinetic simulations performed in the interface are validated by electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS), electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and atomic probe tomography (APT) results;the measured precipitate size from the APT analysis is consistent with the simulation results. Two morphologies of precipitates were detected: elongated and spherical;both contribute to the robustness of the interface. The robust M789-N709 interface formed during the process shows good compatibility between the alloys, which is critical for extended tool life. These new insights about the precipitation at the interface of M789-N709 alloy are crucial in assessing the feasibility of N709 as a cost-effective base material to minimize the use of M789 when printing plastic injection dies.

关键词： Interface Direct aging Laser powder bed fusion Diffusion M789

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A flexible electromagnetic interference shielding film coated with a hybrid solder-magnetic powder mixture on a PET substrate

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Journal of Materiomics 2018年第4期4卷 390-401页

作者： Jae Hyang Lee Dong Seok Kang Sang Hoon Kim Min-Jung Son Jae Won Choi Dae Keun Choi Joon-Phil Choi clodualdo aranas jr Metal 3D Printing Convergence Research Team Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials156 Gajeongbuk-roYuseong-guDaejeon34103Republic of Korea Metal Powder Department Korea Institute of Materials Science797 Changwon-daeroSeongsan-guChangwon-siGyeongsangnam-do51508Republic of Korea Digital Manufacturing Process Group Korea Institute of Industrial Technology113e58 Seohaean-roSiheung-siGyeonggi-do15014Republic of Korea Department of Printed Electronics Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials156 Gajeongbuk-roYuseong-guDaejeon34103Republic of Korea Department of Mining and Materials Engineering McGill University3610 University StreetMontrealQuebecH3A 0C5Canada Mechanical Engineering University of New Brunswick15 Dineen DriveFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada

A flexible electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding film was innovatively fabricated using both low melting temperature solder arrays and amorphous soft magnet particulates consolidated on a polyethylene terephthalate(PET)substrate.First,the IneSneBi solder arrays presented a low melting point of 99.4C,which enabled attachment to the heat-sensitive plastic substrate without any thermal damage,and a low electrical resistivity of 14.1 mU cm,making them very effective at interrupting EM waves.Second,the solder arrays with a high thermal conductivity of 61.2 W/(m$K)at 298.15 K were also useful as a thermal conductor for a heat sink.Thus,the solder arrays provide efficient electrical and thermal channels for electron transport induced by abruptly or consistently created EM waves due to suddenly turning on and the long term operation of electronics,respectively.Third,the Fe-based magnetic particulates were added and resulted in effective saturation magnetization of 161.1 emu/g,remanence of 2.9 emu/g,and coercivity of 12.5 G,thus were able to disturb the EM pathway because of their soft magnetic properties.Consequently,the hybrid EMI shielding film with exceptionally high electrical and thermal conductivity and superior soft magnetic properties provided remarkable shielding effectiveness of 102.5 dB at 10.2 GHz.

关键词： Flexible EMI shielding film PET substrate Solder arrays Magnetic particulates

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Dynamic Transformation of Austenite to Ferrite During the Torsion Simulation of Strip Rolling

Dynamic Transformation of Austenite to Ferrite During the To...

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“第十届中国钢铁年会”暨“第六届宝钢学术年会”

作者： John J.Jonas clodualdo aranas jr. Materials Engineering Mc Gill University 3610 University St.Montreal

Torsion simulations of strip rolling were carried out on a 0.06%C-0.3%Mn-0.01%Si steel over the temperature range930 to 1000℃℃.Pass strains of 0.4 were applied at a strain rate of 1s-1.Interpass times of 0.5s,1s,1.5s and 3s were employed to determine the mean flow stresses（MFS’s）applicable to strip rolling.By means of double differentiation,critical strains of 0.04and 0.11 were established for the initiation of dynamic transformation and dynamic recrystallization,respectively.It is shown that the dynamic transformation of austenite to ferrite takes place above the Ae3temperature,resulting in significantly lower than expected MFS values.The nucleation of ferrite reduces the rolling load and modifies the microstructure.Shorter interpass times produce larger decreases in MFS than longer ones because of reduced recovery during short interpass intervals.

关键词： Strip mill simulation interpass time dynamic transformation

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Thermomechanical Behavior Modeling of a Cr-Ni-Mo-Mn-N Austenitic Stainless Steel

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2016年第12期7卷 803-822页

作者： Rafael P. Ferreira Eden S. Silva Carmem C. F. Nascimento Samuel F. Rodrigues clodualdo aranas jr. Valdemar S. Leal Gedeon S. Reis Graduate Program in Materials Engineering Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Maranh&atilde o—IFMA S&atilde o Luí s MA Brazil Engineering Coordination Universidade UNICEUMA S&atilde o Luí s MA Brazil Department of Materials Engineering McGill University Montreal Canada

The analytical approach and the thermomechanical behavior of a Cr-Ni-Mo-Mn-N austenitic stainless steel were characterized based on the parameters of work hardening (h), dynamic recovery (r) and dynamic recrystallization (n, t0.5), considering constitutive equations (σ, ε) and deformation conditions expressed according to the Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z). The results indicated that the curves were affected by the deformation conditions and that the stress levels increased with Z under high work hardening rates. The σc/σp ratio was relatively high in the first part of the curves, indicating that softening was promoted by intense dynamic recovery (DRV). This was corroborated by the high values of r and average stacking fault energy, γsfe = 66.86 mJ/m2, which facilitated the thermally activated mechanisms, increasing the effectiveness of DRV and delaying the onset of dynamic recrystallization (DRX). The second part of the curves indicates that there was a delay in the kinetics of dynamic softening, with a higher value of t0.5 and lower values of the Avrami exponent (n) due to the competing DRV-DRX mechanisms, and steady state stress (σss) was achieved under higher rates of deformation.

关键词： Austenitic Stainless Steel Dynamic Recovery Dynamic Recrystallization

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