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d.scriminative pred.tion： Simultaneous and.sequential encounter experiments

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 649-657页

作者： C. d. BEATTY d. W. franks d.partment of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara California USA cbeatty@ scu.ed. York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis and Department of Biology and Department of Computer Science University ofYork York YO10 5YW UK

There are many situations in which the ability of animals to d.stinguish between two similar looking objects can have significant selective consequences. For example, the objects that require d.scrimination may be ed.ble versus d.fend.d.prey, pred.tors versus non-pred.tors, or mates of varying quality. Working from the premise that there are situations in which d.scrimi- nation may be more or less successful, we hypothesized.that ind.vid.als find.it more d.fficult to d.stinguish between stimuli when they encounter them sequentially rather than simultaneously. Our stud. has wid. biological and.psychological implications from the perspective of signal perception, signal evolution, and.d.scrimination, and.could.apply to any system where ind.vid.als are making relative jud.ments or choices between two or more stimuli or signals. While this is a general principle that might seem intuitive, it has not been experimentally tested.in this context, and.is often not consid.red.in the d.sign of mod.ls or experiments, or in the interpretation of a wid. range of stud.es. Our stud. is d.fferent from previous stud.es in psychology in that a） the level of similarity of stimuli are grad.ally varied.to obtain selection grad.ents, and.b） we d.scuss the implications of our stud. for specific areas in ecology, such as the level of perfection of mimicry in pred.tor-prey systems. Our experiments provid. evid.nce that it is ind.ed.more d.fficult to d.stinguish between stimuli - and.to learn to d.stinguish between stimuli - when they are encountered.sequentially rather than simultaneously, even if the intervening time interval is short .

关键词： Receiver psychology Stimulus selection d.scrimination Imperfect mimicry Pred.tion

Irreversibility analysis of unstead. couette flow with variable viscosity

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Journal of Hyd.od.namics 2015年第2期27卷 304-310页

作者： EEGUNJOBI A.S. MAKINd. O.d. TSHEHLA M.S. franks O. d.partment of Mathematics and.Statistics Namibia University of Science and Technology Faculty of Military Science Stellenbosch University Faculty of Engineering Built Environment and.Information Technology Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Faculty of Military Science Stellenbosch University

This paper investigates numerically the inherent irreversibility in unstead. generalized.Couette flow between two parallel plates with variable viscosity. The nonlinear governing equations are d.rived.from the Navier-Stokes equations and.solved.numerically using a semi-d.scretization finite d.fference method.together with the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg integration scheme. The profiles of velocity and.the temperature obtained.are used.to compute the entropy generation number, Bejan number, skin friction and.Nusselt number. The effects of embed.ed.parameters on entire flow structure are presented.graphically and.d.scussed.quantitatively.

关键词： parallel plates variable viscosity heat transfer Couette flow entropy generation

Large-Scale Co-generation of Electricity and.Hyd.ogen by Uranium, Thorium and.Solar High Temperature Energy

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Journal of Energy and.Power Engineering 2019年第8期13卷 312-325页

作者： Urban cleve Consultant High Temperature Technology Krupp Reaktorbau GmbHHohenfriedbergerstr.4DortmundD-44141Germany

Hyd.ogen prod.ction is one of the most important tasks for d.veloping world.id. non-ind.strial regions. The evaporation of sea/wastewater and.following cond.nsing will be the very best technology but with the highest costs for heating up. HTR-power stations are the utmost technology to solve the cost factor d.e to prod.cing high temperature heat together with electric power for all second.ry processes by minimizing costs for every second.ry prod.ction line. The ad.itional use of sun power may enlarge the profitability of HTR-power plants with combined.generation of electricity and.hyd.ogen and.or d.inking water.

关键词： Nuclear uranium thorium sun power hyd.ogen d.inking water.

Conversion of ergosterol into vitamin d. and.other photoisomers in Agaricus bisporus mushrooms und.r UV-C irrad.ation

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Food.Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 1625-1633页

作者： Yue Sun franks Kamgang Nzekoue Sauro Vittori Gianni Sagratini Giovanni Caprioli Chemistry Interd.sciplinary Project (CHip) School of PharmacyUniversity of CamerinoVia Madonna delle Carceri62032CamerinoItaly

Agaricus bisporus mushrooms contain high levels of ergosterol(3–8 mg/g d.),which can be converted.into vitamin d.(Vd.)und.r ultraviolet irrad.ation(UV).However,the photoconversion of ergosterol can also lead.to the prod.ction of inactive photoisomers d.creasing the prod.ction yield.of *** stud. assesses the impact of UV irrad.ation cond.tions on the conversion of ergosterol into vitamin *** effects of various parameters were tested.includ.ng the mushroom form(powd.r,extract,suspension),irrad.ation time(0–240 min),temperature(20–40°C),intensity(0.16–0.48 mW/cm2),and.agitation d.ring UV-C *** mushroom extract was the most suitable mushroom form for Vd. *** Vd.,other photoisomers(tachysterol and.lumisterol),were d.tected.through HPLC-APCI-MS and.their levels increased.with d.ep and.prolonged.*** highest Vd. levels(0.95–1.03 mg/g d.)were obtained.by irrad.ating mushroom extracts with an intensity of 0.31 mW/cm2 for 10 *** results highlight the potential of mushrooms for Vd. prod.ction through UV-C irrad.ation,which is accompanied.by the formation of biologically-active photo-isomers.

关键词： Mushrooms Vitamin d. Ergosterol Tachysterol Lumisterol UV-C irrad.ation Photo-conversion Champignons HPLC-APCI-MS Mushroom wastes

Nutrient changes in potting mix and.Eucalyptus nitens leaf tissue und.r macad.mia biochar amend.ents

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第2期29卷 379-389页

作者： A.Wrobel-Tobiszewska M.Boersma J.Sargison P.Ad.ms B.Singh S.franks C.J.Birch d.C.Close CREPS Centre for Renewable Energy and Power SystemsSchool of Engineering and ICTUniversity of TasmaniaEngineering BuildingDobson RoadSandy Bay CampusHobartAustralia Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture University of Tasmania16-20 Mooreville RoadPO Box 3523Burnie 7320Australia JSA Consulting Engineers Pty Ltd Ellerslie HouseLevel 1119 Sandy Bay RoadSandy BayTAS 7005Australia Forestry Tasmania 79 Melville StreetHobartTAS 7000Australia Faculty of Agriculture and.Environment Center for CarbonWater and FoodBiomedical BuildingUniversity of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia

The effect of macad.mia nut shell biochar on nitrogen,potassium,phosphorus,magnesium,calcium and.sod.um concentrations in potting mix used.to grow Eucalyptus nitens seed.ings was investigated.in a glasshouse *** treatments combined.two fertiliser rates（50 and.100% rate of the commercial mix commonly used.in forestry nurseries） with eight biochar rates(0,2,5,10,20,50,80 and.100 t ha;) arranged.in a rand.mised.complete block with three replicates of four sample *** were quantified.in the potting mix and.seed.ing leaves at four d.structive harvests 135,177,219 and.69 d.ys after *** significantly increased.nitrate-N,Colwell P,Colwell K and.exchangeable Na and.ed.ced.ammonium-N,Mg and.Ca concentrations in the potting *** leaf concentrations of P,K and.Na were increased.by biochar application,while N remained.d.pend.nt on fertiliser rate *** and.Ca leaf concentrations d.creased.in response to increasing biochar *** nitrate-N and.d.creased.ammonium-N concentrations suggest that biochar might have increased.nitrification in the potting *** presumed.that biochar med.ated.processes that red.ced.uptake of P and.K when high d.ses of biochar were combined.with full *** in potting mix K,Na,Mg and.Ca were consistent with selective ad.orption of ions to biochar surfaces.

关键词： Charcoal Forest plantation Plant nutrition Seed.ings Soil chemistry

Vitamin d.d.ficiency in critically ill patients with traumatic injuries

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第4期4卷 307-315页

作者： Roland.N.d.ckerson Jonathan R.Van cleve Joseph M.Swanson George O.Maish III Gayle Minard.Martin A.Croce Rex O.Brown d.partment of Clinical Pharmacy University of Tennessee Health Science Center881 Madison AvenueSuite 345Memphis 38163TNUSA d.partment of Surgery University of Tennessee Health Science Center910 Madison Avenue2nd FloorMemphis 38163TNUSA

Background.Vitamin d.d.pletion has been associated.with increased.rate of infections,lengthened.hospital stay,and.worsened.mortality for critically ill *** purpose of this stud. was to evaluate the prevalence and.variables associated.with vitamin d.d.ficiency in critically ill patients with severe traumatic ***:Critically ill ad.lt patients ad.itted.to the trauma intensive care unit(ICU)between June 2013 and.June 2014,referred.to the nutrition support service for enteral or parenteral nutrition,and.had.a serum 25-hyd.oxyvitamin d.25-OH vitamin d.concentration d.termination were retrospectively *** were stratified.as vitamin d.sufficient,insufficient,d.ficient,or severely d.ficient based.on a 25-OH vitamin d.concentration of 30–80,20–29.9,13.1–19.9,and.13 ng/mL,***:One hund.ed.and.twenty-one patients out of 158(76%)patients were vitamin d.d.ficient or severely ***-one patients(20%)were insufficient and.6(4%)had.a normal 25-OH vitamin d.concentration.25-OH vitamin d.was d.termined.7.5±5.1 d.ys after ICU ***-Americans had.a greater proportion of patients with d.ficiency or severe d.ficiency compared.to other races(91 versus 64%,P=0.02).Penetrating gunshot or knife stab injury,African-American race,and.obesity(elevated.bod. mass ind.x)were significantly associated.with vitamin d.d.ficiency or severe d.ficiency:OR 9.23(1.13,75.40),4.0(1.4,11.58),and.1.12(1.03,1.23),Pd.d.ficiency or severe *** injuries,African-American race,and.obesity are significant risk factors for *** of injury,extent of inflammation(elevated.C-reactive protein concentration),or hospital ad.ission d.ring the winter season d.d.not significantly influence the prevalence of vitamin d.d.ficiency.

关键词： Vitamin d d.ficiency d.pletion Trauma Injury Parenteral nutrition Enteral nutrition African-American Obesity

Origin and.migration of brines from Paleozoic strata in Central Tarim,China:constraints from 87Sr/86Sr,δd.δ18O and.water chemistry

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Origin and migration of brines from Paleozoic strata in Cent...

以电池供电PWM应用为目标的FET偏置方法

中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所2001学术年会

作者： Stephen G.franks Per Aagaard Rock Fluid.Systems Inc.2200 Old Orchard DrivePlanoTX 75023USA d.partment of Geology University of Oslo

Chemistry of major and.minor elements,Sr/Sr,δd.and.O of oilfield.waters,and.Sr/Sr of whole rock were measured.from Paleozoic strata in the Central Tarim basin,NW *** aim is to elucid.te the origin and.migration of formation water and.its relation to petroleum *** salinity oilfield.waters in Carboniferous,Silurian and.Ord.vician reservoirs have maintained.the same Na/Cl ratio as seawater,ind.cative of subaerially evaporated.*** possible sources of evaporitic water are Carboniferous(C) and.Cambrian,both of which contain evaporitic *** and.stratigraphic trend. in water chemistry suggest that most of the high salinity water is from the ***,H and.O isotopes as well as ion chemistry ind.cate at least 3 end.member waters in the ***-salinity Cambrian evaporitic water was expelled.upward.into Ord.vician,Silurian and.Carboniferous reservoirs along faults and.fractures d.ring compaction and.*** water has likely invad.d.the section throughout its history as uplift created.subaerial *** water certainly infiltrated.Silurian and.old.r strata d.ring d.velopment of the Cunconformity and.again in recent *** meteoric water enters Carboniferous strata from the west and.flows eastward.mixing with the high salinity Cambrian water and.to a lesser d.gree with paleometeoric *** third.end.member is highly rad.ogenic,shale-d.rived.water which has migrated.eastward.from the Awati d.pression to the *** of Ca and.Sr and.d.pletion of K,Mg,and.SO relative to the seawater evaporation trajectory suggest waters were affected.by albitization of feld.pars,d.lomitization,illitization of smectite,and.SO *** mixing of meteoric water occurred.subsequently to seawater evaporation,main water-rock interactions,and.brine *** d.rection of brine migration is consistent with that of petroleum migration,suggesting water and.petroleum have followed.the same migration pathwa

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电子设计技术 Ed. CHINA 2006年第2期13卷 91-92页

作者： Steve franks franks d.velopment LLC Tucson AZ

d.音频放大器等很多PWM（脉宽调制）应用都需要对称的驱动电路。图1中的CMOS对由互补的N沟道和P沟道FET器件组成，连接了栅极和源极，提供了通向正电源或负电源的低阻抗路径，并能直接驱动逻辑电平N沟道FET。CMOS对和逻辑电路驱动器的... 详细信息

d.音频放大器等很多PWM（脉宽调制）应用都需要对称的驱动电路。图1中的CMOS对由互补的N沟道和P沟道FET器件组成，连接了栅极和源极，提供了通向正电源或负电源的低阻抗路径，并能直接驱动逻辑电平N沟道FET。CMOS对和逻辑电路驱动器的直接耦合在PWM系统中工作得很好，

关键词： PWM系统 FET 电池供电应用 d.音频放大器偏置 CMOS 驱动电路脉宽调制

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核磁共振陀螺：发展回顾

战术导弹控制技术 2013年第1期20卷 53-62页

作者： K.F. Wood.an P.W. franks M.d. Richard. 王文辉英国海军研究院北京自动化控制设备研究所

本文对作为一种旋转速率传感器的核磁共振陀螺（NMRG）进行了回顾。近年来，核磁共振陀螺的大多数研究活动起源于美国，并主要集中在应用光泵浦技术形式的核磁共振陀螺。

关键词：核磁共振陀螺速率传感器研究活动光泵浦