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Therapeutic options for the management of pancreatic cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11142-11159页

作者： Maria L Rossi Azeem A Rehman Christopher s Gondi Department of Medicine University of Illinois College of MedicinePeoria Peoria IL 61656-1649 United States

since its initial characterization, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has remained one of the most devastating and difficult cancers to treat. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in the United states, resulting in an estimated 38460 deaths annually. With few screening tools available to detect this disease at an early stage, 94% of patients will die within five years of diagnosis. Despite decades of research that have led to a better understanding of the molecular and cellular signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells, few effective therapies have been developed to target these pathways. Other treatment options have included more sophisticated pancreatic cancer surgeries and combination therapies. While outcomes have improved modestly for these patients, more effective treatments are desperately needed. One of the greatest challenges in the future of treating this malignancy will be to develop therapies that target the tumor microenvironment and surrounding pancreatic cancer stem cells in addition to pancreatic cancer cells. Recent advances in targeting pancreatic stellate cells and the stroma have encouraged researchers to shift their focus to the role of desmoplasia in pancreatic cancer pathobiology in the hopes of developing newer-generation therapies. By combining novel agents with current cytotoxic chemotherapies and radiation therapy and personalizing them to each patient based on specific biomarkers, the goal of prolonging a patient’s life could be achieved. Here we review the most effective therapies that have been used for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and discuss the future potential of therapeutic options.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Pancreatic cancer stem cells Microenvironment surgical resection Neoadjuvant therapy Adjuvant therapy Chemotherapy Radiation Personalized therapy

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Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application on phosphorus fractions in different organs of Cordia trichotoma

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 725-732页

作者： Matheus s.s.Kulmann Lincon O.s.stefanello RaíA.schwalbert Álvaro L.P.Berghetti Maristela M.Araujo Rogerio Piccin Luciano C.Gatiboni Tales Tiecher Paulo A.A.Ferreira Gustavo Brunetto Department of soil science Federal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaRio Grande do SulBrazil Department of Rural Engineering Federal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaRio Grande do SulBrazil Department of Forest Engineering Federal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaRio Grande do Sul 97105-900Brazil Agroveterinary science Center State University of Santa CatarinaLagesSanta Catarina88520-000Brazil Department of soil science Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRio Grande do Sul 91540-000Brazil

The application of phosphorus(P)to soil can increase its availability to plants and alter P fractions in annual and perennial organs of Cordia *** a portion of P accumulates in perennial organs in organic fractions it can be used in the next growth season,possibly decreasing plant dependence on P derived from soil ***,if P is preferentially accumulated in inorganic fractions in annual organs,plants will be more dependent on phosphate *** study aimed to evaluate the distribution of P fractions in organs of *** grown on sandy soil treated with 120 and 360 kg P2O5 ha^(−1).The control was a zero *** 24 months following fertilization,*** seedlings were cut and separated into leaves,branches,stems and roots,dried,ground and subjected to chemical fractionation of P,which estimates fractions of total soluble P,soluble inorganic and organic P,lipid P,P associated ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid,and residual P.P in annual organs,as leaves,accumulated preferentially in the soluble inorganic fraction in both *** perennial organs such as stems and branches,P accumulated preferentially in the soluble organic *** application of 300%of the recommended dosage(360 kg P2O5 ha^(−1))promoted the accumulation of P in soluble organic fractions which may contribute to annual growth the following season and be a strategy to reduce the dependence of 2-year-old stands on soil-derived P and on fertilizers.

关键词： Chemical fractionation Phosphorus Phosphate fertilization Plant phosphorus

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A portfolio approach to managing ecological risks of global change

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Ecosystem Health and sustainability 2017年第2期3卷 1-16页

作者： Gregory H.Aplet Peter s.McKinley The Wilderness society 1660 Wynkoop StreetSuite 850DenverColorado 80202 USA The Wilderness society 9 Union StreetSecond FloorHallowellMaine 04347 USA

The stressors of global environmental change make it impossible over the long term for natural systems to maintain their historical ***’s new objective must be to maintain the building blocks of future systems(e.g.,species,genes,soil types,and landforms)as they continuously *** of the certainty of change,some biologists and managers question continued use of retrospective conservation strategies(e.g.,reserves and restoration)informed by the historical range of *** strategies that manage toward anticipated conditions have joined the conservation toolbox alongside retrospective *** argue that high uncertainty around the rates and trajectories of climate and ecological change dictate the need to spread ecological risk using prospective and retrospective strategies across conservation networks in a systematic and adaptively managed *** term this a portfolio approach drawing comparisons to financial portfolio risk management as a means to maximize conservation benefit and *** with a financial portfolio,the portfolio approach requires that management allocations receive minimum temporal commitments to realize longer-term *** approach requires segregation of the strategies into three landscape zones to avoid counterproductive *** zones will be managed to(1)observe change,(2)resist change,and(3)facilitate *** offer guidelines for zone allocation based on ecological *** zones should follow principles of conservation design traditionally applied to *** to financial portfolios,zone performance is monitored to facilitate learning and potential reallocation for long-term net minimization of risk to the building blocks of future ecosystems.

关键词： adaptive management biodiversity connectivity global change gradients portfolio reserve restoration risk spreading transformation

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Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第41期21卷 11502-11521页

作者： Luís Ruíz-del-árbol Regina serradilla Hepatic Hemodynamic Unit Gastroenterology Department Hospital Ramón y Cajal University of Alcalá

During the course of cirrhosis, there is a progressive deterioration of cardiac function manifested by the disappearance of the hyperdynamic circulation due to afailure in heart function with decreased cardiac output. This is due to a deterioration in inotropic and chronotropic function which takes place in parallel with a diastolic dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy in the absence of other known cardiac disease. Other findings of this specific cardiomyopathy include impaired contractile responsiveness to stress stimuli and electrophysiological abnormalities with prolonged QT interval. The pathogenic mechanisms of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy include impairment of the b-adrenergic receptor signalling, abnormal cardiomyocyte membrane lipid composition and biophysical properties, ion channel defects and overactivity of humoral cardiodepressant factors. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy may be difficult to determine due to the lack of a specific diagnosis test. However, an echocardiogram allows the detection of the diastolic dysfunction and the E/e′ ratio may be used in the followup progression of the illness. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the impairment of effective arterial blood volume and correlates with the degree of liver failure. A clinical consequence of cardiac dysfunction is an inadequate cardiac response in the setting of vascular stress that may result in renal hypoperfusion leading to renal failure. The prognosis is difficult to establish but the severity of diastolic dysfunction may be a marker of mortality risk. Treatment is non-specific and liver transplantation may normalize the cardiac function.

关键词： Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy Inotropic heart dysfuncti

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Thermodynamic second law analysis of magneto-micropolar fluid flow past nonlinear porous media with non-uniform heat source

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Propulsion and Power Research 2020年第3期9卷 281-288页

作者： E.O.Fatunmbi s.O.salawu Department of Mathematics and statistics Federal PolytechnicIlaroNigeria Department of Mathematics Landmark UniversityOmu-AranNigeria

This study analyzes the second law of thermodynamic for entropy generation in an irreversible hydromagneto-micropolar flow system with non-homogenous heat *** non-symmetric microstructure fluid flow past a stretching sheet with saturated porous nonlinear media under magnetic field *** the fluid particle deformation,the microstructure is assumed rigid with the viscous suspended *** reduced dimensionless nonlinear formulated model is computationally coded and solved to obtain solutions for the entropy volumetric production,Bejan number and heat transfer magneto-micropolar *** parameter dependent solutions for the flow characteristics and irreversibility processes are plotted and *** is revealed from the study that minimization of entropy generation in a magneto-micropolar flow system is possible by improving the thermodynamic equilibrium with low material variables,viscosity and hysteresis ***,it is seen that the terms that encourage internal heat generation reduces the micropolar fluid viscosity in the system.

关键词： Micropolar Non-Newtonian fluid Entropy generation stretching sheet Thermodynamic law

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Mechanical Behavior of Panels Reinforced with Orthogonal Plant Fabrics: Experimental and Numerical Assessment

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第10期12卷 1791-1810页

作者： Martha L.sánchez G.Capote Universidad Militar Nueva Granada Programa de Ingeniería CivilBogotá110111Colombia Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de FísicaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá111321Colombia

The construction sector is one of the main sources of pollution,due to high energy consumption and the toxic substances generated during the processing and use of traditional *** production of cement,steel,and other conventional materials impacts both ecosystems and human health,increasing the demand for ecological and biodegradable *** this paper,we analyze the properties of panels made from a combination of plant fibers and castor oil resin,analyzing the viability of their use as construction *** the research,orthogonal fabrics made with waste plant fibers supplied by a company that deals with the manufacture of furniture and craft products were *** fabrics were made with strips of plant fibers of the Calamus rotang,Bambusa vulgaris,Heteropsis flexuosa,and salix viminalis *** improve their compatibility with the castor oil resin,a cold argon plasma treatment was *** effect of the treatment on the properties of the fibers and the panels was *** density,water absorption capacity,and swelling percentage were ***,compression,static bending,and linear buckling tests were carried *** study found that panels made with treated fiber fabrics exhibited a reduction of approximately 10%in absorption capacity and up to 35%in swelling percentage *** made with Bambusa vulgaris fabrics exhibited the highest strength and stiffness *** models were constructed using commercial finite element *** comparing the numerical results with the experimental ones,differences of less than 15%were seen,demonstrating that the models allow adequately predicting the analyzed *** comparing the values obtained with the characteristic values of oriented strand board,the results suggest that panels made with unconventional materials could replace commercial panels traditionally made with wood-based fibers and particles and other composite materials in several applications in the c

关键词： Unconventional materials nonstructural panels plantfibers surface treatment physical properties mechanical properties

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Optimal Routing with spatial-Temporal Dependencies for Traffic Flow Control in Intelligent Transportation systems

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Intelligent Automation & soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 2071-2084页

作者： R.B.sarooraj s.Prayla shyry school of Computing Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai600119India

In Intelligent Transportation systems(ITs),controlling the trafﬁcﬂow of a region in a city is the major ***,allocation of the trafﬁc-free route to the taxi drivers during peak hours is one of the challenges to control the trafﬁcﬂ***,in this paper,the route between the taxi driver and pickup location or hotspot with the spatial-temporal dependencies is ***,the hotspots in a region are clustered using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBsCAN)algorithm toﬁnd the hot spots at the peak hours in an urban ***,the optimal route is allocated to the taxi driver to pick up the customer in the *** allocating the optimal route,each route between the taxi driver and the hot spot is mapped to the number of taxi *** the map function,the optimal map is selected using the rain opti-mization algorithm(ROA).If more than one map function is obtained as the opti-mal solution,the map between the route and the taxi driver who has done the least number of trips in the day is chosen as theﬁnal solution This optimal route selec-tion leads to control of the trafﬁcﬂow at peak *** of the approach depicts that the proposed trafﬁcﬂow control scheme reduces traveling time,wait-ing time,fuel consumption,and emission.

关键词： Intelligent transportation system(ITs) DBsCAN rain optimization algorithm(ROA) trafﬁcﬂow control

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On the electron-beam (EB) irradiation and grafting of acrylic monomers onto EVA copolymers

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Chinese science Bulletin 1997年第18期42卷 1549-1554页

作者： Zhang, s Wang, JQ Xie, LQ Wen, CL BEIJING INsT TECHNOL SCH CHEM ENGN & MAT SCISTATE KEY LAB FLAME RETARDANT MATBEIJING 100081PEOPLES R CHINA

IN an ordinary way the grafting induced by electron and gamma preirradiations widely used for improving the compatibility of polymers in composites gives rise to an enhancement of their mechanical properties. However, very few have been reported in the flame retardancy of polymers using these sorts of techniques. Wilkie investigated the flame retardancy of photo-initiation grafted polymers. An attempt is made in this paper to try to use the EB preirradiation on EVA copolymers with different VA contents and the subsequent grafting with saponification under atmosphere and to expedite the charring of polymers upon heating. Characterization of the flammability of the preirradiated EVA copolymers grafted with acrylic monomers indicates that this approach turns out to be a promising way and worthy of doing.

关键词： electron-beam irradiation grafting flame retardancy EVA copolymers.

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Molecular cloning of rice cDNAs related to pollen development using the subtraction hybridization technique

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Chinese science Bulletin 1999年第20期44卷 1898-1903页

作者： Zee s.Y Yau C.P. The Botany Department University of Hong Kong Hong Kong ChinaThe Botany Department University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

The meiotic stage of pollen mother cell is a very important stage in controlling the development and formation of pollen. In order to clone the rice cDNA(s) of this stage, a normal rice, Annong N and its thermosensitive mutant, Annong s-1 were used as the plant material. The mRNA has been extracted from the young panicle at the meiotic stage. By using the cDNA subtraction hybridization technique, three cDNA fragments, RP-1, RP-2 and RP-3 have

关键词： cDNA subtraction hybridization pollen development rice.

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Realities,scope,challenges,and facilitators for implementation of nurse practitioner's role in India:A review

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International Journal of Nursing sciences 2021年第2期8卷 237-242,247页

作者： Malar Kodi s suresh K.sharma Department of Nursing All India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikeshUttarakhandIndia Department of Nursing All India Institute of Medical SciencesJodhpurRajasthanIndia

India is in dire need of an alternative to general medical practitioners to overcome a severe shortage of doctors,especially in rural and underprivileged *** nurses through nurse practitioner(NP)role is the superlative solution to provide quality health care in primary care *** on conceptions and research findings of the NP's role,we analyzed and examined the realities,scope,and barriers for implementing the NP's role in India and propose future strategies to create a NP cadre.

关键词： Advanced nursing practice Nursing care Nurse practitioners Role India

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