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Cardiovascular injuries and SARS-COV-2 infection:focus on elderly people

Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2021年第7期18卷 534-548页

作者： Claudia Colombo Laura Garatti Giulia Ferrante Francesca Casadei Claudio Montalto Gabriele Crimi Chiara Cogliati Enrico Ammirati Stefano Savonitto Nuccia Morici Department of Cardiology De Gasperis Cardio Center ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano NiguardaMilanItaly School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano BicoccaItaly Division of Cardiology Heart and Lung DepartmentSan Paolo HospitalASST Santi Paolo and CarloUniversity of MilanItaly Division of Cardiology University of PaviaPaviaLombardiaItaly Interventional Cardiology Unit Cardio Thoraco Vascular Department(DICATOV)IR-CCS Policlinico San MartinoGenovaItaly Internal Medicine Department of Medicine and RiabilitationASST Fatebenefratelli-SaccoLuigi Sacco HospitalMilanItaly De Gasperis Cardio Center and Transplant Center Niguarda HospitalMilanItaly Division of Cardiology Ospedale ManzoniLeccoItaly

The novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)has hit the healthcare system worldwide.The risk of severe infection and mortality increases with advancing age,especially in subjects with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease,hypertension,diabetes,obesity and cancer.Moreover,cardiovascular complications such as myocardial injury,heart failure and thromboembolism are frequently observed in COVID-19 cases,and several biomarkers(troponin,NTpro BNP and D-Dimer)have been identified as prognostic indicators of disease severity and worst outcome.Currently,there is no specific therapy against SARS-Co V-2,although many medications are under investigation.The aim of this review will be to explore the intertwined relationship between COVID-19 disease and the cardiovascular system,focusing on elderly population.The available supportive treatments along with the related concerns in elderly patients,due to their comorbidities and polypharmacotherapy,will be explored.

关键词： injuries cardiovascular infection

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Correlation between expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the presence of inflammatory cells in human primary hepatocellular carcinoma: Possible role in tumor promotion and angiogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第30期11卷 4638-4643页

作者： Melchiorre Cervello Daniela Foderà Ada Maria Florena Maurizio Soresi claudio Tripodo Natale D'Alessandro Giuseppe montalto Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy" Institute of Pathologic Anatomy Department of Clinical Medicine Department of Pharmacological Science

AIM: To investigate the association of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) expression with angiogenesis and the number and type of inflammatory cells (macrophages/Kupffer cells;mast cells) within primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)tissues and adjacent non-tumorous (MT) tissues.METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for COX-2, CD34,CD68 and mast cell tryptase (MCT) was performed on 14 well-characterized series of liver-cirrhosis-associated HCC patients. COX-2 expression and the number of inflammatory cells in tumor lesions and surrounding liver tissues of each specimen were compared. Moreover,COX-2, CD34 staining and the number of inflammatory cells in areas with different histological degrees within each tumor sample were comparatively analyzed.RESULTS: The percentage of COX-2 positive cells was significantly higher in NT tissues than in tumors. COX-2 expression was higher in well-differentiated HCC than in poorly-differentiated tissues. Few mast cells were observed within the tumor mass, whereas a higher number was observed in the surrounding tissue, especially in peri-portal spaces of NT tissues. Abundant macrophages/Kupffer cells were observed in NT tissues, whereas the number of cells was significantly lower in the tumor mass.However, a higher cell number was observed in the well-differentiated tumor and progressively decreased in relation to the differentiation grade. Within the tumor, a positive correlation was found between COX-2 expression and the number of macrophages/Kupffer cells and mast cells. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between CD34 and COX-2 expression in tumor tissues. Comparison between well- and poorly-differentiated HCC showed that the number of CD34-positive cells decreased with dedifferentiation. However, COX-2 was the only independent variable showing a positive correlation with CD34 in a multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION: The presence of inflammatory cells and COX-2 expression in liver tumor suggests a possible relationship with tumor angiogenesis. COX-2 expressing cells and the number of macro

关键词：三氧化酶-2 基因表达炎性细胞原发性肝细胞癌肿瘤转移病理机制

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Cyclooxygenases in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第32期12卷 5113-5121页

作者： Melchiorre Cervello Giuseppe montalto Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "Alberto Monroy" National Research Council PalermoItaly Department of Clinical Medicine University of Palermo PalermoItaly

许多流行病学的研究与反煽动性的药(NSAID ) 减少的 non-steroidal 表明那治疗某些恶意的发生和死亡，特别胃肠的癌症。cyclooxygenase (艇长) 酶是 NSAID 的著名目标。然而，常规 NSAID 非有选择地禁止组成的形式 COX-1，和可诱导的形... 详细信息

许多流行病学的研究与反煽动性的药(NSAID ) 减少的 non-steroidal 表明那治疗某些恶意的发生和死亡，特别胃肠的癌症。cyclooxygenase (艇长) 酶是 NSAID 的著名目标。然而，常规 NSAID 非有选择地禁止组成的形式 COX-1，和可诱导的形式 COX-2。最近的证据显示 COX-2 是为反癌症治疗的一个重要分子的目标。它的表示在很正常的纸巾是无法发现的，并且被支持 inflammatory cytokines， mitogens，肿瘤倡导者和生长因素高度导致。COX-2 是，现在是生长得很好的长期地在上在许多恶化前表示了，恶意，并且 metastastic 癌症，包括肝细胞癌(HCC ) 。在有 HCC 的病人的 COX-2 的 Overexpression 与区分更少的 HCC 或组织学地正常的肝相比在区分得好的 HCC 通常是更高的，建议 COX-2 可以涉及 hepatocarcinogenesis 的早阶段，并且在非癌的肝织物增加了 COX-2 的表示显著地与 HCC 在病人与更短的没有疾病的幸存被联系了。在肿瘤，在层次，它影响许多机制在致癌作用包含了的前列腺素(PG ) 在 COX-2 的表示上导致增加，例如血管生成， apoptosis 的抑制，房间生长的刺激以及侵略海角和肿瘤房间的变形潜力。有选择地禁止 COX-2 (COXIB ) 的新奇代理人的可获得性，贡献了使这个分子的角色清楚些。肝癌症的动物模型上的试验性的研究证明了包括选择、非选择的 COX-2 禁止者， NSAID 象治疗学的效果一样施加 chemopreventive。然而， COX-2 禁止者由影响 HCC 细胞生长的关键机制不充分迄今为止被理解。增加的证据在 COX-2 选择禁止者的 anti-proliferative 效果建议除 COX-2 以外的分子的目标的参与。因此，艇长禁止者可以使用 COX-2-dependent 和 COX-2-independent 机制调停他们的反肿瘤性质，尽管他们向在活体内效果的相对贡献留下，更少变清。这里，我们考察艇长酶的特征，在他们可以由贡献 HCC 生长的 hepatocarcinogenesis 和机制的艇长 isoforms 的表示的角色， COX-2 选择禁止者的药理学性质，艇长禁止者的反肿瘤效果，并且为 HCC 的治疗的 COX-2 禁止者的基本原理和可行性。

关键词：环加氧酶肝细胞癌抗炎治疗临床

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Interleukin 1βreceptor and synaptic dysfunction in recurrent brain infection with Herpes simplex virus type-1

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 416-423页

作者： Roberto Piacentini claudio Grassi Department of Neuroscience UniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRomeItaly Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCSRomeItaly

Several experimental evidence suggests a link between brain Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are not completely understood.Among the molecular mediators of synaptic and cognitive dysfunction occurring after Herpes simplex virus type-1 infection and reactivation in the brain neuroinflammatory cytokines seem to occupy a central role.Here,we specifically reviewed literature reports dealing with the impact of neuroinflammation on synaptic dysfunction observed after recurrent Herpes simplex virus type-1 reactivation in the brain,highlighting the role of interleukins and,in particular,interleukin 1βas a possible target against Herpes simplex virus type-1-induced neuronal dysfunctions.

关键词： herpes simplex virus type 1 interleukin 1β microglia neuroinflammation synaptic dysfunction

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Non invasive tools for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第48期20卷 18131-18150页

作者： Maurizio Soresi Lydia Giannitrapani Melchiorre Cervello Anna Licata Giuseppe montalto Unit of Internal Medicine Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties Di Bi MIS University of Palermo 90127 Palermo Italy Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" National Research Council (CNR) 90146 Palermo Italy

Liver cirrhosis(LC),the end stage of many forms of chronic hepatitis of different etiologies is a diffuse process characterized by fibrosis and the conversion of normal liver architecture into structurally abnormal nodules surrounded by annular fibrosis.This chronic progressive clinical condition,leads to liver cell failure and portal hypertension,which can favour the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma.Defining the phase of the natural history is crucial for therapeutic choice and prognosis.Liver biopsy is currently considered the best available standard of reference but it has some limits,so alternative tools have been developed to substitute liver biopsy when assessing liver fibrosis.Serum markers offer a cost-effective alternative to liver biopsy being less invasive and theoretically without complications.They can be classified into direct and indirect markers which may be used alone or in combination to produce composite scores.Diagnostic imaging includes a number of instruments and techniques to estimate liver fibrosis and cirrhosis like ultrasound(US),US Doppler,contrast enhanced US andElastography.US could be used for the diagnosis of advanced LC while is not able to evaluate progression of fibrosis,in this case Elastography is more reliable.This review aims to revise the most recent data from the literature about non invasive methods useful in defining liver fibrosis.

关键词： Liver fibrosis Liver biopsy Ultrasound Elastograph

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Dual role of brain-derived extracellular vesicles in dementia-related neurodegenerative disorders: cargo of disease spreading signals and diagnostic-therapeutic molecules

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 161-177页

作者： Francesca Natale Salvatore Fusco claudio Grassi Department of Neuroscience UniversitàCattolica del Sacro Cuore00168 RomeItaly Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS 00168 RomeItaly.

Neurodegenerative disorders are one of the most common causes of disability and represent 6.3%of the global burden of disease.Among them,Alzheimer’s,Parkinson’s,and Huntington’s diseases cause cognitive decline,representing the most disabling symptom on both personal and social levels.The molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of dementia are still poorly understood,and include secretory factors potentially affecting differentiated neurons,glial cells and neural stem cell niche.In the last decade,much attention has been devoted to exosomes as novel carriers of information exchanged among both neighbouring and distant cells.These vesicles can be generated and internalized by different brain cells including neurons,neural stem cells,astrocytes,and microglia,thereby affecting neural plasticity and cognitive functions in physiological and pathological conditions.Here,we review data on the roles of exosomes as carriers of bioactive molecules potentially involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and detectable in biological fluids as biomarkers of dementia.We also discuss the experimental evidence of the therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived vesicles in experimental models of neurodegeneration-dependent cognitive decline.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles Neurodegenerative diseases Stem cells Biomarkers Cognitive decline

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Psychophysics in the ophthalmological practice—I.visual acuity

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Annals of Eye Science 2022年第4期7卷 50-64页

作者： Carlo Aleci claudio Rosa Department of Ophthalmology University of TurinMolinette HospitalTurinItaly

Perception is the ability to see,hear,or become aware of external stimuli through the senses.Visual stimuli are electromagnetic waves that interact with the eye and elicit a sensation.Sensations,indeed,imply the detection,resolution,and recognition of objects and images,and their accuracy depends on the integrity of the visual system.In clinical practice,evaluating the integrity of the visual system relies greatly on the assessment of visual acuity,that is to say on the capacity to identify a signal.Visual acuity,indeed,is of utmost importance for diagnosing and monitoring ophthalmological diseases.Visual acuity is a function that detects the presence of a stimulation(a signal)and resolves its detail(s).This is the case of a symbol like“E”:the stimulus is detected,then it is resolved as three horizontal bars and a vertical bar.In fact,within the clinical setting visual acuity is usually measured with alphanumeric symbols and is a three-step process that involves not only detection and resolution,but,due to the semantic content of letters and numbers,their recognition.Along with subjective(psychophysical)procedures,objective methods that do not require the active participation of the observer have been proposed to estimate visual acuity in non-collaborating subjects,malingerers,or toddlers.This paper aims to explain the psychophysical rationale underlying the measurement of visual acuity and revise the most common procedures used for its assessment.

关键词： Visual acuity(VA) Landolt ETDRS preferential looking Oktotype

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Proapoptotic RECS1: a requisite gateway to lysosomal dysfunction and death

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2695-2696页

作者： Philippe Pihán Mateus Milani claudio Hetz Biomedical Neuroscience Institute Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile Center for Geroscience Brain Health and Metabolism(GERO)SantiagoChile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCAUSA

For a long time since their discovery by Christian de Duve in the 1950s,lysosomes have been referred to almost exclusively as passive garbage bags;the endpoint in the degradation of intra-and extracellular cargo.The catabolic function of lysosomes is accomplished by an array of more than 60 acid hydrolases,which together break down a wide variety of biological macromolecules,including proteins,lipids,carbohydrates,and nucleic acids,for reutilization in the metabolic processes of the cell.For their optimal function,these enzymes require an acidic intraluminal pH of~4.5,which is maintained by the joint action of a proton pump,the vacuolar H+-ATPase,and several ion channels embedded in the lysosomal limiting membrane.

关键词： maintained limiting function

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Localization and shock waves in curved manifolds

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Science Bulletin 2016年第7期61卷 570-575页

作者： claudio Conti Institute for Complex Systems National Research Council(ISC-CNR)Via dei Taurini 1900185 Rome ITItaly Department of Physics University SapienzaPiazzale AldoMoro 500185 Rome ITItaly

The investigation of the interplay between geometry and nonlinearity may open the road to the control of extreme waves. We study three-dimensional localization and dispersive shocks in a bent cigar shaped potential by the nonlinear Schro¨ dinger equation. At high bending and high nonlinearity, topological trapping is frustrated by the generation of curved wave-breaking. Four-dimensional parallel simulations confirm the theoretical model. This work may contribute to novel devices based on geometrically constrained highly nonlinear dynamics and tests and analogs of fundamental physical theories in curved space.

关键词：三维定位弯曲波非线性薛定谔方程冲击波流形动力学试验相互作用并行模拟

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Potential therapeutic effects of polyphenols in Parkinson's disease:in vivo and in vitro pre-clinical studies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 234-241页

作者： claudio Giuliano Silvia Cerri Fabio Blandini Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology IRCCS Mondino FoundationPaviaItaly

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a combination of severe motor and non-motor symptoms.Over the years,several factors have been discovered to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease,in particular,neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.To date,the pharmacological treatments used in Parkinson's disease are exclusively symptomatic.For this reason,in recent years,the research has been directed towards the discovery and study of new natural molecules to develop potential neuroprotective therapies against Parkinson's disease.In this context,natural polyphenols have raised much attention for their important anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,but also for their ability to modulate protein misfolding.In this review,we propose to summarize the relevant in vivo and in vitro studies concerning the potential therapeutic role of natural polyphenols in Parkinson's disease.

关键词： alpha-synuclein anti-inflammatory antioxidants natural molecules neuroprotection Parkinson's disease polyphenols syntomatic effect

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