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Natural heme oxygenase-1 inducers in hepatobiliary function

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第40期14卷 6122-6132页

作者： Giovanni Li Volti David Sacerdoti claudia di giacomo Maria Luisa Barcellona Antonio Scacco Paolo Murabito Antonio Biondi Francesco Basile diego Gazzolo Raul Abella Alessandro Frigiola Fabio Galvano Department of Biological Chemistry Medical Chemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Catania Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Padova Department of Surgery section of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Catania Department of Surgery Section of General and Oncological SurgeryUniversity of Catania Neonatal Intensive Care Unit "Cesare Arrigo" Children Hospital Department of Pediatrics G.Gaslini Children's University Hospital Perinatal Research Laboratory IRCSS San Donato Milanese

Many physiological effects of natural antioxidants, their extracts or their major active components, have been reported in recent decades. Most of these compounds are characterized by a phenolic structure, similar to that of o-tocopherol, and present antioxidant properties that have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Polyphenors may increase the capacity of endogenous antioxidant defences and modulate the cellular redox state. Changes in the cellular redox state may have wide-ranging consequences for cellular growth and differentiation. The majority of in vitro and in vivo studies conducted so far have attributed the protective effect of bioactive polyphenols to their chemical reactivity toward free radicals and their capacity to prevent the oxidation of important intracellular components. However, in recent years a possible novel aspect inthe mode of action of these compounds has been suggested; that is, the ultimate stimulation of the heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） pathway is likely to account for the established and powerful antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties of these polyphenols. The products of the HO-catalyzed reaction, particularly carbon mon- oxide （CO） and biliverdin/bilirubin have been shown to exert protective effects in several organs against oxidative and other noxious stimuli. In this context, it is interesting to note that induction of HO-1 expression by means of natural compounds contributes to protection against liver damage in various experimental models. The focus of this review is on the significance of targeted induction of HO-1 as a potential therapeutic strategy to protect the liver against various stressors in several pathological conditions.

关键词： Heme oxygenase Hepatobiliary function Natural inducers Carbon monoxide Oxidative stress

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The neural bases of vitality forms

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National Science Review 2020年第1期7卷 202-213页

作者： Giuseppe di Cesare Marzio Gerbella giacomo Rizzolatti Cognitive Architecture for Collaborative Technologies Unit Italian Institute of Technology 2. Department of Medicine and Surgery Neuroscience Unit University of Parma Istituto di Neuroscienze Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche

Unlike emotions, which are short-lasting events accompanied by viscero-motor responses, vitality forms are continuous internal states that modulate the motor behaviors of individuals and are devoid of the autonomic modifications that characterize real emotions. Despite the importance of vitality forms in social life, only recently have neurophysiological studies been devoted to this issue. The first part of this review describes f MRI experiments, showing that the dorso-central insula is activated during the execution, the perception and the imagination of arm actions endowed with different vitality forms as well as during the hearing and the production of speech conveying vitality forms. In the second part, we address the means by which the dorso-central insula modulates the networks for controlling action execution and how the sensory and interoceptive information is conveyed to this insular sector. Finally, we present behavioral data showing the importance of vitality forms in social interactions.

关键词： action observation social interactions emotions insula mirror mechanism

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Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport defects and protein aggregates in neurodegeneration

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2020年第3期9卷 354-369页

作者： giacomo Bitetto Alessio di Fonzo IRCCS Foundation Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Dino Ferrari CenterNeuroscience SectionDepartment of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversity of MilanVia Francesco Sforza 3520122 MilanItaly

In the ongoing process of uncovering molecular abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases characterized by toxic protein aggregates,nucleo-cytoplasmic transport defects have an emerging *** pieces of evidence suggest a link between neuronal protein inclusions and nuclear pore complex(NPC)*** processes lead to oxidative stress,inefficient transcription,and aberrant DNAVRNA *** clinical and neuropathological spectrum of NPC defects is broad,ranging from physiological aging to a suite of neurodegenerative diseases.A better understanding of the shared pathways among these conditions may represent a significant step toward dissecting their underlying molecular mechanisms,opening the way to a real possibility of identifying common therapeutic targets.

关键词： Aging Neurodegeneration Neurodegenerative disease Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport Nuclear pore complex Protein aggregate

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Emerging Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System in the Control of Shoot Apical Meristem Function

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第1期55卷 7-20页

作者： Elisabetta di giacomo Giovanna Serino Giovanna Frugis Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria UOS RomaConsiglio Nazionale delle RicercheMonterotondo Scalo dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin Sapienza Università The New York Botanical Garden Genomics Program NYBGBronx

The shoot apical meristem （SAM） is a population of undifferentiated cells at the tip of the shoot axis that establishes early during plant embryogenesis and gives rise to all shoot organs throughout the plant＇s life. A plethora of different families of transcription factors （TFs） play a key role in establishing the equilibrium between cell differentiation and stem cell maintenance in the SAM. Fine tuning of these regulatory proteins is crucial for a proper and fast SAM response to environmental and hormonal cues, and for development progression. One effective way to rapidly inactivate TFs involves regulated proteolysis by the ubiquitin/26S proteasome system （UPS）. However, a possible role of UPS-dependent protein degradation in the regulation of key SAM TFs has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we summarize recent evidence supporting a role for the UPS in SAM maintenance and function. We integrate this survey with an in silico analysis of publicly-available microarray databases which identified ubiquitin ligases that are expressed in specific areas within the SAM, suggesting that they may regulate or act downstream of meristem-specific factors.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell differentiation protein degradation shoot apical meristem ubiquitin/26S proteasome system.

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Antioxidant dietary approach in treatment of fatty liver: New insights and updates

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第23期23卷 4146-4157页

作者： Alessandra Ferramosca Mariangela di giacomo Vincenzo Zara dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali Università del Salento Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a common clinicopathological condition, encompassing a range of conditions caused by lipid deposition within liver cells. To date, no approved drugs are available for the treatment of NAFLD, despite the fact that it represents a serious and growing clinical problem in the Western world. Identification of the molecular mechanisms leading to NAFLD-related fat accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative balance impairment facilitates the development of specific interventions aimed at preventing the progression of hepatic steatosis. In this review, we focus our attention on the role of dysfunctions in mitochondrial bioenergetics in the pathogenesis of fatty liver. Major data from the literature about the mitochondrial targeting of some antioxidant molecules as a potential treatment for hepatic steatosis are described and critically analysed. There is ample evidence of the positive effects of several classes of antioxidants, such as polyphenols(i.e., resveratrol, quercetin, coumestrol, anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin), carotenoids(i.e., lycopene, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin) and glucosinolates(i.e., glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, sinigrin and allyl-isothiocyanate), on the reversion of fatty liver. Although the mechanism of action is not yet fully elucidated, in some cases an indirect interaction with mitochondrial metabolism is expected. We believe that such knowledge will eventually translate into the development of novel therapeutic approaches for fatty liver.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Fatty liver Lipogenesis Mitochondria Oxidative stress

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Surgery in biliary lithiasis: from the traditional “open” approach to laparoscopy and the“rendezvous” technique

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2017年第6期16卷 595-601页

作者： Giuseppe Tarantino Paolo Magistri Roberto Ballarin giacomo Assirati Antonio di Cataldo Fabrizio di Benedetto Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia 41124 ModenaItaly Department of General Surgery Sapienza-University of Rome 00189 Rome Italy Department of Surgical Sciences Organ Transplantation and Advanced Technologies University of Catania95124 Catania Italy

BACKGROUND:According to the current literature, biliary lithiasis is a worldwide-diffused condition that affects almost 20% of the general population. The rate of common bile duct stones(CBDS) in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis is estimated to be 10% to 33%, depending on patient’s *** to stones in the gallbladder, the natural history of secondary CBDS is still not completely understood. It is not clear whether an asymptomatic choledocholithiasis requires treatment or not. For many years, open cholecystectomy with choledochotomy and/or surgical sphincterotomy and cleaning of the bile duct were the gold standard to treat both pathologies. Development of both endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and laparoscopic surgery,together with improvements in diagnostic procedures, influenced new approaches to the management of CBDS in association with *** SOURCES:We decided to systematically review the literature in order to identify all the current therapeutic options for CBDS. A systematic literature search was performed independently by two authors using Pub Med, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library ***:The therapeutic approach nowadays varies greatly according to the availability of experience and expertise in each center, and includes open or laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, various combinations of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and ERCP and combined laparoendoscopic ***:Although ERCP followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently preferred in the majority of hospitals worldwide, the optimal treatment for concomitant gallstones and CBDS is still under debate, and greatly varies among different centers.

关键词： biliary obstruction bile duct stones gallstones endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography laparoscopic cholecystectomy

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Efficient light harvesting from flexible perovskite solar cells under indoor white light-emitting diode illumination

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Nano Research 2017年第6期10卷 2130-2145页

作者： Giulia Lucarelli Francesco di giacomo Valerio Zardetto Mariadriana creatore Thomas M. Brown Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy (CHOSE) Department of Electronic Engineering University of Rome Tor Vergata Via del Politecnico 100133 Rome Italy Hoist Centre/TNO - Solliance 5655AE Eindhoven the Netherlands Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven the Netherlands

This is the first report of an investigation on flexible perovskite solar cells for artificial light harvesting by using a white light-emitting diode （LED） lamp as a light source at 200 and 400 Ix, values typically found in indoor environments. Flexible cells were developed using either low-temperature sol-gel or atomic- layer-deposited compact layers over conducting polyethylene terephthalate （PET） substrates, together with ultraviolet （UV）-irradiated nanoparticle TiO2 scaffolds, a CH3NHBPbI3xClx perovskite semiconductor, and a spiro-MeOTAD hole transport layer. By guaranteeing high-quality carrier blocking （via the 10-40 nm-thick com- pact layer） and injection （via the nanocrystalline scaffold and perovskite layers） behavior, maximum power conversion efficiencies （PCE） and power densities of 10.8% and 7.2 pW-cm-2, respectively, at 200 lx, and 12.1% and 16.0 -tW＇cm-2, respectively, at 400 lx were achieved. These values are the state-of-the-art, comparable to and even exceeding those of flexible dye-sensitized solar cells under LED lighting, and significantly greater than those for flexible amorphous silicon, which are currently the main flexible photovoltaic technologies commercially considered for indoor applications. Furthermore, there are significant margins of improvement for reaching the best levels of efficiency for rigid glass-based counterparts, which we found was a high of PCE -24% at 400 lx. With respect to rigid devices, flexibility brings the advantages of being low cost, lightweight, very thin, and COlfformal, which is especially important for seamless integration in indoor environments.

关键词： flexible perovskite solar cells indoor light harvesting atomic layer deposition nanocrystalline scaffolds flexible photovoltaics energy harvesting

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Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer:Current evidence and future challenges

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第16期20卷 4516-4525页

作者： Rosalba Miceli Gianluca Tomasello giacomo Bregni Maria di Bartolomeo Filippo Pietrantonio Unit of Medical Statistics Biometry and BioinformaticsFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori20133 MilanItaly Medical Oncology division Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona26100 CremonaItaly Medical Oncology Department Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori20133 MilanItaly

Gastric cancer still represents one of the major causes of cancer mortality *** survival is mainly related to stage,with a high proportion of patients with metastatic disease at ***,the cure rate largely depend upon surgical *** the additional,albeit small,benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy has been clearly demonstrated,no general consensus has been reached on the best treatment ***,the narrow therapeutic index of adjuvant chemotherapy(i.e.,limited survival benefit with considerable toxicity)requires a careful assessment of expected risks and benefits for individual *** choices vary widely based on the different geographic areas,with chemotherapy alone more often preferred in Europe or Asia and chemoradiotherapy in the United *** the present review we discuss the current evidence and future challenges regarding adjuvant chemotherapy in curatively resected gastric cancer with particular emphasis on the recently completed landmark studies and *** most recent patient-level meta-analysis demonstrated the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy over curative surgery;the same Authors also showed that disease free survival may be used as a surrogate end-point for overall *** finally discuss future research issues such as the need of economic evaluations,development of prognostic or predictive biomarkers,and the unmet clinical need of trials comparing perioperative chemotherapy with adjuvant treatment.

关键词： Gastric cancer Adjuvant chemotherapy Radiotherapy Randomized trial

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Wilson disease:Histopathological correlations with treatment on follow-up liver biopsies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第12期16卷 1487-1494页

作者： Sandy Cope-Yokoyama Milton J Finegold giacomo Carlo Sturniolo Kyoungmi Kim claudia Mescoli Massimo Rugge Valentina Medici Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children's Medical Center Department of Pathology Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences University of Padua division of Biostatistics Department of Public Health ScienceUniversity of California DavisOne Shields Avenue Davis Department of diagnostic Medical Sciences and Special Therapies Pathology UnitUniversity of Padua division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of California Davis Medical Center

AIM:To investigate the progression of hepatic histopathology in serial liver biopsies from Wilson disease(WD)***:We report a group of 12 WD patients treated with zinc and/or penicillamine who underwent multiple follow-up liver ***,clinical and laboratory data were gathered and all patients underwent an initial biopsy and at least one repeat ***:Time to repeat biopsy ranged from 2 to 12 *** patients(non-progressors)showed stable hepatic histology or *** one case,we observed improvement of fibrosis from stage 2 to *** patients(progressors)had worsening of *** was no significant correlation between the histological findings and serum aminotransferases or copper me-tabolism *** hepatic copper concentration reached normal levels in only two patients:one from the non-progressors and one from the progressors *** estimated rate of progression of hepatic fibrosis in the entire group was 0 units per year in the time frame between the first and the second liver biopsy(4 years),and 0.25 between the second and the third(3 years).In the progressors group,the rate of progression of liver fibrosis was estimated at 0.11 fibrosis units per year between the first and second biopsy and,0.6 fibrosis units between the second and third ***:The inability of clinical tools to detect fibrosis progression in WD suggests that a liver biopsy with hepatic copper quantification every 3 years should be considered.

关键词： Wilson disease Copper Liver biopsy Histopathology

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Hepato-splenic lymphoma:a rare entity mimicking acute hepatitis:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第6期9卷 1381-1384页

作者： Federico Perfetto Roberto Tarquini Francesco Mancuso Simonetta di Lollo Silvia Tozzini Giampiero Bellesi giacomo Laffi Department of Internal Medicine University of FlorenceItaly Department of Human Pathology and Oncology University of FlorenceItaly Department of Hematology University of FlorenceItaly

We reported a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma where liver involvement was the predominant clinical manifestation.A 27-year old man presented wiht markedly elevated serum aspartate aminotrasferase,alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase,reduced prothrombin activity,thrombocytopenic purpura and hepato-splenomegaly without ***,toxic, autoimmune and metabolic liver diseases were excluded. Bone marrow biopsy showed an intracapillary infiltration of T-lymphocytes with no evidence of lipid storage disease. Because of a progressive spleen enlargement,splenectomy was *** examination showed lymphomatous intrasinuses invasion of the spleen. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed the T phenotype of the neoplastic cells:CD45+,CD45RO+, CD3+,CD4-,CD8-,TIAl-.About 50 % of the lymphoid cells expressed CD56 *** diagnosis of hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma was *** patient was treated with chemotherapy,which induced a complete *** months later,he had a first relapse with increased aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,lactate dehydrogenase, thrombocytopenic purpura and blast in the peripheral blood. In spite of autologous bone marrow transplantation,he died twenty months after the *** in the absence of a mass lesion or lymphoadenopathy,hepatosplenic T- cell lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient whose clinical course is atypical for acute hepatic dysfunction.

关键词： Acute disease Adult diagnosis, differential Hepatitis Humans Liver Neoplasms Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Male Splenic Neoplasms

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