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Synthetic biology in the UK-An outline of plans and progress

Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2016年第4期1卷 243-257页

作者： L.J.clarke R.I.Kitney UK Synthetic Biology Leadership Council UK Department of BioEngineering Imperial CollegeUK Faculty of Life Sciences University of ManchesterUK BionerG UK EPSRC National Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation UK Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology UK BioMedical Systems Engineering Imperial CollegeUK BioMedical Systems EngineeringImperial CollegeUK

Synthetic biology is capable of delivering new solutions to key challenges spanning the bioeconomy,both nationally and *** this significant potential and the associated need to facilitate its translation and commercialisation the UK government commissioned the production of a national Synthetic Biology Roadmap in 2011,and subsequently provided crucial support to assist its *** infrastructural investments have been made,and important strides made towards the development of an effectively connected community of practitioners and interest groups.A number of Synthetic Biology Research Centres,DNA Synthesis Foundries,a Centre for Doctoral Training,and an Innovation Knowledge Centre have been established,creating a nationally distributed and integrated network of complementary facilities and *** UK Synthetic Biology Leadership Council published a UK Synthetic Biology Strategic Plan in 2016,increasing focus on the processes of translation and *** 50 start-ups,SMEs and larger companies are actively engaged in synthetic biology in the UK,and inward investments are starting to *** these initiatives provide an important foundation for stimulating innovation,actively contributing to international research and development partnerships,and helping deliver useful benefits from synthetic biology in response to local and global needs and challenges.

关键词： Synthetic biology Engineering biology Biodesign Roadmap Responsible Research and Innovation(RRI) Innovation and Knowledge Centre(IKC) Synthetic Biology Leadership Council(SBLC) Bioeconomy

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From laboratory to the field: consistent effects of experience on host location by the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha kraussii (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 863-872页

作者： Ayad Masry John P.Cunningham Anthony R.clarke School of Earth Environmental and Biological SciencesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria Research AgilBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoriaAustralia

Associative learning is well documented in Hymenopteran parasitoids, where it is thought to be an adaptive mechanism for increasing successful host location in complex environments. Based on this learning capacity, it has been suggested that providing prerelease training to parasitoids reared for inundative release may lead to a subsequent increase in their efficacy as biological control agents. Using the fruit fly parasitoid Diachasmimorpha krausii we tested this hypothesis in a series of associative learning experiments which involved the parasitoid, two host fruits (tomatoes and nectarine), and one host fly (Bactrocera ttyoni). In sequential Y-tube olfactometer studies, large field-cage studies, and then open field studies, naive wasps showed a consistent preference for nectarines over tomatoes. The preference for nectarines was retained, but not significantly increased, for wasps which had prior training exposure to nectarines. However, and again consistently at all three spatial scales, prior experience on tomatoes led to significantly increased attraction to this fruit by tomato-trained wasps, including those liberated freely in the environment. These results, showing consistency of learning at multiple spatial scales, gives confidence to the many laboratory-based learning studies which are extrapolated to the field without testing. The experiment also provides direct experimental support for the proposed practice of enhancing the quality of inundatively released parasitoids through associative learning.

关键词： biological control inundative release learning mass rearing Opiinae Tephritidae

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Revisiting the death of geography in the era of Big Data:the friction of distance in cyberspace and real space

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第5期11卷 451-469页

作者： Su Yeon Han Ming-Hsiang Tsou Keith C.clarke Department of Geography San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Department of Geography University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCAUSA

Many scholars have argued that the importance of geographic proximity in human interactions has been diminished by the use of the Internet,while others disagree with this *** have noted the distance decay effect in both cyberspace and real space,showing that interactions occur with an inverse relationship between the number of interactions and the distance between the locations of the ***,these studies rarely provide strong evidence to show the influence of distance on interactions in cyberspace,nor do they quantify the differences in the amount of friction of distance between cyberspace and real *** fill this gap,this study used massive amounts of social media data(Twitter)to compare the influence of distance decay on human interactions between cyberspace and real space in a quantitative *** estimate the distance decay effect in both cyberspace and real space,the distance decay function of interactions in each space was *** the distance decay in cyberspace in this study can help predict the degree of information flow across space through social *** how far ideas can be diffused through social media is useful for users of location-based services,policy advocates,public health officials,and political campaigners.

关键词： First law of geography distance decay Big Data Twitter social media information diffusion

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Complexity of Injective Homomorphisms to Small Tournaments, and of Injective Oriented Colourings

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Open Journal of Discrete Mathematics 2023年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： Russell J. Campbell Nancy E. clarke Gary MacGillivray University of the Fraser Valley Abbotsford British Columbia Acadia University Wolfville Nova Scotia University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia

Several possible definitions of local injectivity for a homomorphism of an oriented graph G to an oriented graph H are considered. In each case, we determine the complexity of deciding whether there exists such a homomorphism when G is given and H is a fixed tournament on three or fewer vertices. Each possible definition leads to a locally-injective oriented colouring problem. A dichotomy theorem is proved in each case.

关键词： Injective Graph Homomorphism Oriented Colouring Complexity

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Discussion of ‘Prior-based Bayesian Information Criterion (PBIC)’

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Statistical Theory and Related Fields 2019年第1期3卷 26-29页

作者： Bertrand S.clarke Statistics Department University of Nebraska-Lincoln LincolnNEUSA

*** The authors have the basis for a reformulation of the BIC as we think of it *** problem is both hard and *** particular,to address it,the authors have put six incisive ideas in *** first is the separation of parameters that are common across models versus those that aren’*** second is the use of an orthogonal(why not orthonormal?)transformation of the Fisher information matrix to get diagonal entries di that summarise the parameter-by-parameter efficiency of *** third is using Laplace’s method only on the likelihood,i.e.

关键词： estimation. Criterion parameter

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Evaluation of a culturally adapted cognitive behavior therapy-based,third-wave therapy manual

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第1期13卷 15-35页

作者： Peter Phiri Isabel clarke Lydia Baxter Yu-Tian Zeng Jian-Qing Shi Xin-Yuan Tang Shanaya Rathod Mustafa G Soomro Gayathri Delanerolle Farooq Naeem Research&Innovation Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton SO303JBUnited Kingdom School of Psychology Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUnited Kingdom Department of Italk Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton SO509FHUnited Kingdom Department of Italk Step 3 Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton SO519FHUnited Kingdom Department of Statistics and Data Science Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055Guangdong ProvinceChina National Center for Applied Mathematics Shenzhen Shenzhen 518055Guangdong ProvinceChina Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Science University of OxfordOxford OX37JXUnited Kingdom Centre for Addition and Mental Health University of TorontoToronto ON M5SCanada

BACKGROUND Recommendations for psychotherapy have evolved over the years,with cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)taking precedence since its inception within clinical guidelines in the United Kingdom and United *** use of CBT for severe mental illness is now more common *** To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally adapted,CBT-based,third-wave therapy manual using the Comprehend,Cope,and Connect approach with individuals from a diverse population presenting to primary and secondary healthcare *** A pilot study was used to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the manualised *** measures were evaluated at baseline,post-intervention and 12 wk-follow up.32 participants with mental health conditions aged 20-53 years were *** were completed at three time points,using Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation(CORE),Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),Bradford Somatic Inventory and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0(WHODAS).The Patient Experience Questionnaire was completed *** Repeated measures of analysis of variance associated with HADS depression,F(2,36)=12.81,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.42 and HADS anxiety scores,F(2,26)=9.93,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.36;CORE total score and WHODAS both showed significant effect F(1.25,18.72)=14.98,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=*** F(1.29,14.18)=6.73,P<0.001,partialη^(2)=0.38 *** These results indicate the effectiveness and acceptability of the culturally adapted,CBT-based,third-wave therapy manual intervention among minoritized groups with moderate effect *** levels and acceptability were highly *** viability and cost-effectiveness of this approach should be explored further to support universal implementation across healthcare systems.

关键词： Cognitive behavioral therapy Comprehend Cope Connect Ethnicity Culture

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Molecular mechanisms of metastasis in prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第1期11卷 57-67页

作者： Noel W. clarke Claire A. Hart Mick D. Brown Genito-Urinary Cancer Research Group School of Cancer and lmaging Sciences Paterson Institute for Cancer ResearchChristie Hospital University of Manchester Manchester M20 4BX UK

Prostate cancer （PCa） preferentially metastasizes to the bone marrow stroma of the axial skeleton. This activity is the principal cause of PCa morbidity and mortality. The exact mechanism of PCa metastasis is currently unknown, although considerable progress has been made in determining the key players in this process. In this review, we present the current understanding of the molecular processes driving PCa metastasis to the bone.

关键词： bone bone marrow stroma metastasis prostate cancer

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作者： clarke Simon

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Rising incidence,progression and changing patterns of liver disease in Wales 1999-2019

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第1期15卷 89-106页

作者： Thomas Peter Ignatius Pembroke Gareth John Berry Puyk Keith Howkins Ruth clarke Fidan Yousuf Marek Czajkowski Andrew Godkin Jane Salmon Andrew Yeoman Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital of WalesCardiff CF144XNUnited Kingdom Division of Infection and Immunity Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF144XWUnited Kingdom Digital Health and Care Wales NHS WalesCardiff CF119ADUnited Kingdom Gwent Liver Unit Royal Gwent HospitalNewport NP202UBUnited Kingdom Public Health Wales NHS WalesCardiff CF104BZUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Liver disease incidence and hence demand on hepatology services is *** To describe trends in incidence and natural history of liver diseases in Wales to inform effective provision of hepatology *** The registry is populated by International Classification of Diseases-10(ICD-10)code diagnoses for residents derived from mortality data and inpatient/day case activity between ***-anonymised linkage of:(1)Causative diagnoses;(2)Cirrhosis;(3)Portal hypertension;(4)Decompensation;and(5)Liver cancer diagnoses enabled tracking liver disease *** The population of Wales in 2019 was 3.1 *** 1999 and 201973054 individuals were diagnosed with a hepatic disorder,including 18633 diagnosed with cirrhosis,10965 with liver decompensation and 2316 with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Over 21 years the incidence of liver diseases increased 3.6 fold,predominantly driven by a 10 fold increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD);the leading cause of liver disease from *** incidence of cirrhosis,decompensation,HCC,and allcause mortality ***-related mortality ***-related liver disease(ArLD),autoimmune liver disease and congestive hepatopathy were associated with the highest rates of decompensation and all-cause *** A 10 fold increase in NAFLD incidence is driving a 3.6 fold increase in liver disease in Wales over 21 ***-related morbidity and mortality rose more slowly reflecting the lower progression rate in *** of ArLD remained stable but was associated with the highest rates of liver-related and all-cause mortality.

关键词： Epidemiology Cirrhosis Liver failure Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease hepatitis Hepatocellular carcinoma

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Progress Toward Implementing the Sendai Framework, the Paris Agreement, and the Sustainable Development Goals: Policy from Aotearoa New Zealand

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第2期11卷 190-205页

作者： Wendy S.A.Saunders Scott Kelly Suzanne Paisley Larissa B.clarke GNS Science Lower Hutt 5010New Zealand

In 2015, Aotearoa New Zealand became a signatory to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(Sendai Framework), the Paris Climate Change Agreement(Paris Agreement), and the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). Since 2017 Aotearoa New Zealand has been undergoing governance reform to realign priorities and to improve the management of natural hazards and climate change. The aim of this article is to provide a review of how Aotearoa New Zealand is taking steps to improve consistency of planning across the legislative environment, thereby implementing its commitments to the Sendai Framework, the SDGs, and the Paris Agreement. It provides an overview of the national governance arrangements, with a focus on the key legislative tools;identifies how key terms are defined nationally;and provides an overview of the governance arrangements that contribute to the country’s international obligations. The discussion describes how obligations are applied, and considers two"disruptive and proactive" action examples. Four recommended actions are provided to further implement these international aspirations:(1) take into account these international agreements during the development and implementation of all legislation;(2) build awareness, capability,and capacity within central, regional, and local governments to support implementation;(3) actively evaluate the progress of implementing initiatives designed to reduce vulnerability and strengthen resilience;and(4) ensure that more weight and value are given to indigenous planning documents.

关键词： Disaster risk resilience Living standards framework Natural hazard vulnerability New Zealand Sustainable development goals National wellbeing

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