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Increased susceptibility of aging gastric mucosa to injury:The mechanisms and clinical implications

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第16期20卷 4467-4482页

作者： Andrzej S Tarnawski Amrita Ahluwalia Michael K jones University of California Irvine and the Veterans Administration Long Beach Healthcare System 5901 E. 7~(th) StreetLong BeachCA 90822-5201United States

This review updates the current views on aging gastric mucosa and the mechanisms of its increased susceptibility to injury. Experimental and clinical studies indicate that gastric mucosa of aging individuals-“aging gastropathy”-has prominent structural and functional abnormalities vs young gastric mucosa. Some of these abnormalities include a partial atrophy of gastric glands, impaired mucosal defense (reduced bicarbonate and prostaglandin generation, decreased sensory innervation), increased susceptibility to injury by a variety of damaging agents such as ethanol, aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), impaired healing of injury and reduced therapeutic efficacy of ulcer-healing drugs. Detailed analysis of the above changes indicates that the following events occur in aging gastric mucosa: reduced mucosal blood flow and impaired oxygen delivery cause hypoxia, which leads to activation of the early growth response-1 (egr-1) transcription factor. Activation of egr-1, in turn, upregulates the dual specificity phosphatase, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) resulting in activation of pro-apoptotic caspase-3 and caspase-9 and reduced expression of the anti-apoptosis protein, survivin. The imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptosis mediators results in increased apoptosis and increased susceptibility to injury. This paradigm has human relevance since increased expression of PTEN and reduced expression of survivin were demonstrated in gastric mucosa of aging individuals. Other potential mechanisms operating in aging gastric mucosa include reduced telomerase activity, increase in replicative cellular senescence, and reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and importin-α-a nuclear transport protein essential for transport of transcription factors to nucleus. Aging gastropathy is an important and clinically relevant issue because of: (1) an aging world population due to prolonged

关键词： Aging gastric mucosa Injury Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten-PTEN Survivin Apoptosis Hypoxia

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ALPHA SPACE-WHErE PLANTS FLY BEYOND THE VErTICAL GArDEN

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Journal of Green Building 2015年第2期10卷 1-23页

作者： Lloyd Godman John Power Stuart jones Grant Harris 不详 Hyder Consulting in Melbourne

In 1996,my interests as a passionate gardener and photo-based artist,that both dated from the 1970s,collided when I made the connection that plants are actually a form of photography;(photography from the Greek-meaning light drawing).Both photography and plants use the magical,mysterious ingredient that is LIGHT and the essential force that drives life on the *** fact,the largest photosensitive emulsion we know of is the planet earth.I draw inspiration and endless fascination from the awareness that the earth rotates in space and orbits the sun at a precise distance for the sun’s radiation to affect the elegant process of photosynthesis through the myriad of plants that have evolved and grow on the *** earth is a three dimensional living *** atmosphere and biosphere are also key factors that mediate the harshness of radiation bombarding the earth and nurture life on the planet that we know and depend *** process is an amazing thing and something we should revere and *** the earth as a basket ball,wrapped in the thinnest paper you could *** thickness of this delicate paper is equivalent to the atmosphere,and the depth of the paper’s texture is thicker than the tallest trees,even thicker than the tallest high rise buildings!Image sequences from NASSA shows how vegetation grows,dies back,changes colour with the seasons,how the“photographic image”that is our planet *** human intervention plays a larger role in transforming the image of the globe we *** foliated land as a photo-sensor(like in a digital camera).

关键词： Environmental Art Green Urban Spaces roof and Vertical Gardening Air Plants Plants as Weather Shields and Screens Extreme Gardening

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Adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第40期20卷 14733-14746页

作者： Owain Peris jones James Daniel Melling Paula Ghaneh Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine University of Liverpool 5th Floor UCD Building Daulby Street Liverpool L69 3GA United Kingdom

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer related death worldwide with an overall five-year survival of less than 5%. Potentially curative surgery, which alone can improve 5-year survival to 10%, is an option for only 10%-20% of patients at presentation owing to local invasion of the tumour or metastatic disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve 5-year survival to 20%-25% but conflicting evidence remains with regards to chemoradiation. In this article we review the current evidence available from published randomised trials and discuss ongoing phase III trials in relation to adjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Adjuvant Gemcitabine Chemotherapy Chemoradiotherapy Phase III

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Advances in active fire detection using a multi-temporal method for next-generation geostationary satellite data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2019年第9期12卷 1030-1045页

作者： Bryan Hally Luke Wallace Karin reinke Simon jones Andrew Skidmore School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia Bushfire and Natural Hazards Cooperative research Centre MelbourneAustralia Faculty for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation(ITC) University of TwenteEnschedeNetherlands Department of Environmental Science Macquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia

A vital component of fire detection from remote sensors is the accurateestimation of the background temperature of an area in fire’s absence,assisting in identification and attribution of fire activity. Newgeostationary sensors increase the data available to describebackground temperature in the temporal domain. Broad area methodsto extract the expected diurnal cycle of a pixel using this temporally richdata have shown potential for use in fire detection. This paper describesan application of a method for priming diurnal temperature fitting ofimagery from the Advanced Himawari Imager. The BAT method is usedto provide training data for temperature fitting of target pixels, to whichthresholds are applied to detect thermal anomalies in 4 μm imageryover part of Australia. results show the method detects positive thermalanomalies with respect to the diurnal model in up to 99% of caseswhere fires are also detected by Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellite activefire products. In absence of LEO active fire detection, but where aburned area product recorded fire-induced change, this method alsodetected anomalous activity in up to 75% of cases. Potentialimprovements in detection time of up to 6 h over LEO products are alsodemonstrated.

关键词： Fire detection diurnal variation geostationary sensors broad area training advanced himawari imager

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Cell transmission model based traffic signal timing in oversaturated conditions

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Journal of Central South University 2013年第4期20卷 1129-1136页

作者：王屏 L. S. jones 杨群 S. Gurupackiam Key Laboratory of road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education (Tongji University) Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering the University of Alabama

In order to investigate enhancements to cell transmission model (CTM) as a tool for traffic signal timing in oversaturated conditions, randomly distributed saturation flow rates and arrival rates were used instead of constant values to simulate traffic flow movement, estimate the average delay of the network and search for an optimal traffic signal timing plan. A case study was given to demonstrate that the proposed methodology can capture unique phenomena in oversaturated conditions such as forward wave, spillback and lane entrance blockage. The results show that CTM underestimates travel time by 25% when compared to Simtraffic, while the enhanced CTM underestimates by only 3%. A second case study shows that a dynamic signal timing plan is superior to a fixed signal timing plan in the term of average delay.

关键词： oversaturated flow conditional cell transmission model traffic signal timing spillback blockage

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Steel slag carbonation in a flow-through reactor system:The role of fluid-flux

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 266-275页

作者： Eleanor J.Berryman Anthony E.Williams-jones Artashes A.Migdisov Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences McGill University Technische Universitat Berlin Los Alamos National Laboratory

Steel production is currently the largest industrial source of atmospheric CO2. As annual steel production continues to grow, the need for effective methods of reducing its carbon footprint increases correspondingly. The carbonation of the calcium-bearing phases in steel slag generated during basic oxygen furnace（BOF） steel production, in particular its major constituent, larnite {Ca2SiO4}, which is a structural analogue of olivine {（MgFe）2SiO4}, the main mineral subjected to natural carbonation in peridotites, offers the potential to offset some of these emissions. However, the controls on the nature and efficiency of steel slag carbonation are yet to be completely understood. Experiments were conducted exposing steel slag grains to a CO2–H2O mixture in both batch and flow-through reactors to investigate the impact of temperature, fluid flux, and reaction gradient on the dissolution and carbonation of steel slag. The results of these experiments show that dissolution and carbonation of BOF steel slag are more efficient in a flow-through reactor than in the batch reactors used in most previous studies. Moreover, they show that fluid flux needs to be optimized in addition to grain size, pressure, and temperature, in order to maximize the efficiency of carbonation. Based on these results, a two-stage reactor consisting of a high and a low fluid-flux chamber is proposed for CO2 sequestration by steel slag carbonation,allowing dissolution of the slag and precipitation of calcium carbonate to occur within a single flow-through system.

关键词： CO2sequestration Steel slag carbonation Flow-through reactor Fluid flux

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Further-Adjusted Long-Term Temperature Series in China Based on MASH

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第8期35卷 13-21页

作者： Zhen LI Zhongwei YAN Lijuan CAO Phil D. jones Key Laboratory of regional Climate-Environment in Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Beijing 100029 China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China National Meteorological Information Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Climatic research Unit University of East Anglia Norwich Norfolk NR4 7TJ United Kingdom Center of Excellence for Climate Change research/Department of Meteorology King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia

A set of homogenized monthly mean surface air temperature （SAT） series at 32 stations in China back to the 19th century had previously been developed based on the rHtest method by Cao et al., but some inhomogeneities remained in the dataset. The present study produces a further-adjusted and updated dataset based on the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization （MASH） method. The MASH procedure detects 33 monthly temperature records as erroneous outliers and 152 meaningful break points in the monthly SAT series since 1924 at 28 stations. The inhomogeneous parts are then adjusted relative to the latest homogeneous part of the series. The new data show significant warming trends during 1924-2016 at all the stations, ranging from 0.48 to 3.57℃ （100 yr）^-1, with a regional mean trend of 1.65℃ （100 yr）^-1 ; whereas, the previous results ranged from a slight cooling at two stations to considerable warming, up to 4.5℃ （100 yr）^-1. It is suggested that the further-adjusted data are a better representation of the large-scale pattern of climate change in the region for the past century. The new data axe available online at http：//***/10.11922/sciencedb.516.

关键词： homogenization Multiple Analysis of series for homogenization (MASH) monthly temperature series long-term trend China

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reservoir quality of fluvial sandstone reservoirs in salt-walled mini- basins： an example from the Seagull field, Central Graben, North Sea, UK

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Petroleum Science 2018年第1期15卷 1-27页

作者： Stephan Stricker Stuart J.jones Neil Meadows Leon Bowen Department of Earth Sciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK redrock Associates International Limited 38 Queens DrivePrenton Wirral CH43 0RP UK Department of Physics Durham University South RoadDurham DH1 3LE UK

The Triassic fluvial sandstones of the Skagerrak Formation were deposited in a series of salt-walled mini-basins and act as important hydrocarbon reservoirs for several high-pressure, high-temperature（HPHT） fields in the Central Graben, North Sea. The HPHT reservoirs exhibit excellent reservoir quality considering their depth of burial and hence have been of high interest for hydrocarbon exploration. This research uses a multidisciplinary approach to assess the Skagerrak Formation fluvial reservoir quality from the Seagull field incorporating core analysis, petrography, electron microscopy, XrD analysis, fluid inclusion appraisal and burial history modelling. Halokinesis and salt withdrawal at the margin of the saltwalled mini-basin induced early disaggregation bands and fractures at shallow burial and led to increased influx of meteoric water and clay mineral infiltration from overlying sedimentation. The density of disaggregation bands correlates with the occurrence and magnitude of pore-filling authigenic clay minerals, concentrated along the margin of the saltwalled mini-basin. The fluvial channel sandstones of the Skagerrak Formation are subject to strong intra-basinal spatial reservoir quality variations despite diagenesis and low vertical effective stress having played a favourable role in arresting porosity loss.

关键词： reservoir quality Halokinesis - Diagenesis Clay minerals Porosity Disaggregation bands Salt-walled mini-basin

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Predictors of dominance rank and agonistic interactions in captive Livingstone's fruit bats

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Current Zoology 2023年第6期69卷 694-702页

作者： Sarah richdon Eluned Price Dominic Wormell Gareth jones Grainne McCabe School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS81TQUK Bristol Zoological Society CliftonBristoiBS83HAUK Jersey Zoo La Profonde RueJerseyJE35BPUK

Male dominance hierarchies have been studied in many animals but rarely in bats(Chiroptera).The dominance rank of social animals may dictate access to resources and mates;therefore,it has important implications for an individual's fitness and is crucial for successful captive *** January and December 2018,at both Bristoi Zoo Gardens(Bristol,UK)and Jersey Zoo(Jersey,British Isles),we observed 19 male Livingstone's fruit bats Pteropus livingstonii using focal follows for 345 h overall,noting the outcome of all agonistic *** recorded instigators of interactions,along with winners and losers,and analyzed these data using the r-package"Elorating"to create Elo-rating temporal plots of dominance *** used generalized linear mixed models and multiple linear regression to analyze interaction data and test hypotheses regarding predictors of dominance rank,frequency of agonistic interaction,and choice of interaction *** was positively correlated with dominance rank up to around year 9,when an asymptote was *** ranked bats instigated the most agonistic interac-tions,and largely directed these interactions at bats with much lower rankings than *** were extremely stable throughout the data collection period at both *** conclude that Livingstone's fruit bats have a stable linear dominance hierarchy,with high-ranking,typ-ically older males instigating the most interactions with lowest ranking males to secure dominance *** study adds to the limited discourse on Pteropus social behaviors,indicating that some bat species may have social systems similar in complexity to some nonhuman primates.

关键词： bats Chiroptera captive Elo-rating social hierarchy

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A qualitative study on the pulsatile flow phenomenon in a dense fly ash pneumatic conveyor

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Particuology 2014年第6期12卷 81-91页

作者： Wei Chen Kenneth C.Williams Isabel Jabs Mark G.jones Centre for Bulk Solids and Particulate Technologies Newcastle Institute for Energy and ResourcesThe University of Newcastle Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Leibniz University of Hanover

Understanding of the dynamic particulate flow structures within a dense gas-fly ash pneumatic conveyor must be improved in order to better aid its design *** complex pulsatile movement of the gas-fly ash mixture dominates the flow performance within the pipeline,and historically,non-invasive measurement devices such as the electrical capacitance tomography（ECT） were often used to sufficiently capture the flow ***,inadequate studies have been conducted on the pulsatile flow phenomenon,which directly relate to the gas-fly ash two-phase flow *** paper aims to investigate the pulsatile flows using an ECT ***,pulsatile flow patterns under various experimental conditions were obtained through *** within a flow were then characterised into pulse growth and decay segments,which represent the superficial fluidisation and deaeration processes during ***,structural and statistical analyses were performed on the pulse growth and decay *** suggested that the increasing air mass flow rate led to the decrease of the superficial fluidisation/deaeration magnitude,however,the increase of the superficial fluidisation/deaeration ***,the air mass flow rate was indicated as the dominant factor in determining the pulsing statistical *** research provides fundamental insights for further modelling the dense fly ash pneumatic flows.

关键词： Pneumatic conveying Electrical capacitance tomography Fly ash Pulsatile flows Flow pattern analysis

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