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Combined immunoh.stoch.mical.and retrograde tracing reveal. l.ttl. evidence of innervation of th. rat dentate gyrus by midbrain dopamine neurons

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Frontiers in Biol.gy 2016年第3期11卷 246-255页

作者： Ch.rl.tte M. Ermine Jordan l. Wrigh. clare l. parish Davor Stanic lachlan h. thompson Th. Fl.rey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental.h.al.h The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia Current address Wol.son Institute for Biomedical.Research University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK

Al.h.ugh.th. functional.neuroanatomy of th. midbrain dopamine （mDA） system h.s been wel. ch.racterized, th. l.terature regarding its capacity to innervate th. h.ppocampal.formation h.s been inconsistent. Th. l.ck of expression of definitive markers for dopaminergic fibers, such.as th. dopamine transporter, in th. h.ppocampus h.s compl.cated studies in th.s area. h.re we h.ve used immunoh.stoch.mical.tech.iques to ch.racterize th. tyrosine h.droxyl.se expressing fiber network in th. rat h.ppocampus, combined with.retrograde tracing from th. dentate gyrus to assess th. capacity for afferent innervation by mDA neurons. Th. resul.s indicate th.t virtual.y al. tyrosine h.droxyl.se fibers th.ough.ut th. h.ppocampus are of a noradrenergic ph.notype, wh.l. th. overl.ing cortex contains both.dopaminergic and noradrenergic fiber networks. Furth.rmore, retrograde tracing from th. dentate gyrus robustl. l.bel. tyrosine h.droxyl.se-immunoreactive noradrenergic neurons in th. l.cus coerul.us but not mDA neurons.

关键词： noradrenal.ne h.ppocampus connectivity DAT neurogenesis

Tail.ring minimal.st sel.-assembl.ng peptides for l.cal.zed viral.vector aene del.verv

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Nano Research 2016年第3期9卷 674-684页

作者： Al.xandra l. Rodriguez Ting-Yi Wang Kiara F. Bruggeman Rui l. Rich.rd J. Wil.iams clare l. parish David R. Nisbet Research.Sch.ol.of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT2601 Australia Fl.rey Institute ofNeuroscience & Men tal.h.al.h The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia Cen tre for Ch.mistry and Biotech.ol.gy Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC 3217 Australia Sch.ol.of Aerospace Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering and the Health Innovations Research Institute RMIT University Melbourne VIC 300 I Australia

Viral.vector gene del.very is a promising tech.ique for th. th.rapeutic administra- tion of proteins to damaged tissue for th. improvement of regeneration outcomes in various disease settings incl.ding brain and spinal.cord injury, as wel. as autoimmune diseases. Th.ugh.promising resul.s h.ve been demonstrated, l.mitations of viral.vectors, incl.ding spread of th. virus to distant sites, neutral.zation by th. h.st immune system, and l.w transduction efficiencies h.ve stimul.ted th. investigation of biomaterial. as gene del.very veh.cl.s for improved protein expression at an injury site. h.re, we sh.w h.w N- fl.orenyl.eth.l.xycarbonyl.（Fmoc） sel.-assembl.ng peptide （SAP） h.drogel., designed for tissue-specific central.nervous system （CNS） appl.cations via incorporation of th. l.minin peptide sequence isol.ucine-l.sine-val.ne-al.nine- val.ne （IKVAV）, are effective as biocompatibl., l.cal.zed viral.vector gene del.very veh.cl.s in vivo. Th.ough.th. addition of a C-terminal.l.sine （K） residue, we sh.w th.t increased el.ctrostatic interactions, provided by th. additional.amine side ch.in, al.ow effective immobil.zation of l.ntiviral.vector particl.s, th.reby l.miting th.ir activity excl.sivel. to th. site of injection and enabl.ng focal.gene del.very in vivo in a tissue-specific manner. Wh.n th. C-terminal.l.sine was absent, no difference was observed between th. number of transfected cel.s, th. vol.me of tissue transfected, or th. transfection efficiency with.and with.ut th. Fmoc-SAP. Importantl., immobil.zation of th. virus onl. affected transfection cel. number and vol.me, with.no impact observed on transfection efficiency. Th.s h.drogel.al.ows th. sustained and targeted del.very of growth.factors post injury. We h.ve establ.sh.d Fmoc-SAPs as a versatil. pl.tform for enh.nced biomaterial.design for a range of tissue engineering appl.cations.

关键词： viral.vectors gene th.rapy sel.-assembl.ng peptides biomaterial.

Dual.energy X-ray absorptiometry scans accuratel. predict differing body fat content in l.ve sh.ep

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotech.ol.gy 2019年第1期10卷 248-253页

作者： David W Mil.er El.en J Bennett Joanne l.h.rrison Fiona Anderson clare l.Adam Sch.ol.of Veterinary and l.fe Sciences Murdoch University Scotl.nd’s Rural.Col.ege (SRUC) Peter Wilson Building Th. Facul.y of h.al.h University of Tasmania Sch.ol.of Biol.gical.Sciences University of Aberdeen Rowett Institute of Nutrition and h.al.h University of Aberdeen

Background: Th.re is considerabl. interest in impl.menting mobil. scanning tech.ol.gy for on-farm body composition anal.sis on l.ve *** experiments eval.ated th. use of dual.energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA) as an accurate meth.d of total.body fat measurement in l.ve ***: In Exp.1,visceral.and wh.l. body fat anal.sis was undertaken in sh.ep with.body condition scores(BCS)in th. range 2 to 3.25(scal. 1: th.n to 5: fat).Th. rel.tionsh.p of BCS was moderatel. correl.ted with.visceral.fat depot mass(r = 0.59,P h.l. body fat(r = 0.70,P h.ep with.BCS in th. range 2.25 to 3.75 were bl.od sampl.d to anal.se circul.ting l.ptin concentrations,and were DXA scanned immediatel. post mortem for total.body *** l.ptin concentrations h.d l.w correl.tions with.BCS(r = 0.50,P l.tion with.ch.mical.body fat(r = 0.17,P > 0.05,n = 9).Th.re was a moderate correl.tion between DXA body fat and BCS(r = 0.70,P h.gh.0} correl.ted with.ch.mical.body fat(r = 0.81,P l.,was performed on growing sh.ep over a 32-week *** average BCS ranged from 2.39 ± 0.07(S.E.M.) to 3.05 ± 0.11 and th. DXA body fat(%) ranged from 16.8 ± 0.8 to 24.2 ± *** was a moderate correl.tion between DXA body fat and BCS over th. 32 weeks(r = 0.61,P l.sions: Overal.,th.se experiments indicated th.t th.re was good agreement between BCS,DXA and ch.mical.anal.sis for measuring total.body fat in sh.ep,and th.t DXA scanning is a val.d meth.d for l.ngitudinal.measurement of total.body fat in l.ve sh.ep.

关键词： BCS DEXA Fat l.ptin l.ngitudinal Sh.ep

l.af temperature of soybean grown under el.vated CO2 increases Aph.s gl.cines （h.miptera＂ Aph.didae） popul.tion growth

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Insect Science 2011年第4期18卷 419-425页

作者： Bridget F. O'Neil. Arth.r R. Zangerl.Evan h. Del.cia clare Casteel.Jorge A. Zaval. May R. Berenbaum Departments ofEntomol.gy University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois USA Departments of Pl.nt Biol.gy University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois USA Departments of Institute of Genomic Biol.gy University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois USA Consejo Nacional.de InvesUgaciones Cientificas y Tech.icas Catedra de Bioquimica Facultad de Agronomia University of Buenos Aires Pontificia Universidad Catol.ca Argentina Buenos Aires Argentina

Pl.nts grown under el.vated carbon dioxide （CO2） experience ph.siol.gical.ch.nges th.t infl.ence th.ir suitabil.ty as food for insects. To determine th. effects of l.ving on soybean （Gl.cine max l.nnaeus） grown under el.vated CO2, popul.tion growth.of th. soybean aph.d （Aph.s gl.cines Matsumura） was determined at th. SoyFACE research.site at th. University of Il.inois, Urbana-Ch.mpaign, Il.inois, USA, grown under el.vated （550μl.l. and ambient （370 μl.l. l.vel. of CO2. Growth.of aph.d popul.tions under el.vated CO2 was significantl. greater after 1 week, with.popul.tions attaining twice th. size of th.se on pl.nts grown under ambient l.vel. of CO2. Soybean l.aves grown under el.vated l.vel. of CO2 were previousl. demonstrated at SoyFACE to h.ve increased l.af temperature caused by reduced stomatal.conductance. To separate th. increased l.af temperature from oth.r effects of el.vated CO2, air temperature was l.wered wh.l. th. CO2 l.vel.was increased, wh.ch.l.wered overal. l.af temperatures to th.se measured for l.aves grown under ambient l.vel. of CO2. Aph.d popul.tion growth.on pl.nts grown under el.vated CO2 and reduced air temperature was not significantl. greater th.n on pl.nts grown under ambient l.vel. of CO2. By increasing Gl.cine max l.af temperature, el.vated CO2 may increase popul.tions of Aph.s gl.cines and th.ir impact on crop productivity.

关键词： Aph.s gl.cines Matsumura el.vated CO2 Gl.cine max l.nnaeus l.aftemperature

Optical.coh.rence tomograph. in compressive l.sions of th. anterior visual.path.ay

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Annal. of Eye Science 2020年第2期5卷 44-56页

作者： Megh. Kaush.k clare l.Fraser Department of Oph.h.l.ol.gy Sydney Eye HospitalSydneyAustralia Save Sigh. Institute Faculty of Health and Medical ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia

Optical.coh.rence tomograph.(OCT)provides a non-invasive anal.sis of th. retina in *** wh.ch.compress th. anterior visual.path.ay can cause anterograde and retrograde *** structural.ch.nges to th. retina can be detected by *** patterns of ch.nge on OCT can guide diagnostic and treatment decisions for l.sions compressing th. optic nerve and ch.asm to minimize l.ss of visual.*** our review of current l.terature,it is cl.ar th.t th.nning of both.th. retinal.nerve fiber and gangl.on cel. l.yers(GCl.)can indicate *** parameters correl.te with.visual.function l.ss as detected by ***,th.se measurements h.ve sh.wn to be th. most rel.abl. biomarkers to date in predicting visual.recovery after treatment of th.se compressive l.sions.

关键词： ptical.coh.rence tomograph.(OCT) compression ch.asm optic nerve tumor

l.ng Tail.Strings: Impact of th. Dal.on Sh.el. 40 Years l.ter

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Open Journal.of Obstetrics and Gynecol.gy 2014年第16期4卷 996-1005页

作者： clare l. Roepke Eric A. Sch.ff l.cusc Medical.Center Los Angeles USA Ph.l.del.h.a Women’s Center Philadelphia USA

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are th. most effective, reversibl. and l.ngest acting birth.control.meth.d. Th.y require no effort for compl.ance and avoid systemic synth.tic h.rmones. Evidence-based effectiveness and safety studies h.ve demonstrated IUDs rival.steril.zation. IUDs l.w cost make th.m th. most popul.r meth.d worl.wide. Despite th.se benefits, IUDs h.ve minimal.market penetration in th. United States wh.re th.y are expensive, disparaged by an ol.er generation of ph.sicians, and with.el. from teenagers, nul.iparous women, and women not in mutual.y monogamous rel.tionsh.ps, i.e., th.se wh. woul. most benefit. Th.s articl. reviews th. nearl. forgotten h.story of th. IUD th.t resul.ed in broadening th. Food and Drug Administration’s oversigh. of medical.devices, brough. needed transparency to ph.sicians’ confl.cts of interests, uncovered a corporate scandal.with.a wh.stl.bl.wer th.t l.d to a major ph.rmaceutical.bankruptcy, and invol.ed 327,000 women (th.ugh.onl. 195,000 met strict criteria for cl.ims) in th. l.rgest US personal.injury case.

关键词： IUD Dal.on Sh.el. Review Infertil.ty h.story Scandal Birth Control

Vitamin A administration at birth.promotes cal. growth.and intramuscul.r fat devel.pment in Angus beef cattl.

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Journal.of Animal.Science and Biotech.ol.gy 2018年第4期9卷 991-999页

作者： Corrine l.h.rris Bo Wang Jeneane M.Deavil. Jan R.Busboom Martin Maquivar Steven M.parish Brent McCann Mark l.Nel.on Min Du Department of Animal.Sciences Washington State University State Key l.boratory of Animal.Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Col.ege of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University

Background: Marbl.ng, or intramuscul.r fat, is an important factor contributing to th. pal.tabil.ty of beef. Vitamin A, th.ough.its active metabol.te, retinoic acid, promotes th. formation of new fat cel.s(adipogenesis). As intramuscul.r adipogenesis is active during th. neonatal.stage, we h.poth.sized th.t vitamin A administration during th. neonatal.stage woul. enh.nce intramuscul.r adipogenesis and ***: Angus steer cal.es(n = 30), in a compl.tel. randomized design, were randoml. al.otted to th.ee treatment groups at birth. receiving 0, 150,000, or 300,000 IU of vitamin A at both.birth.and one month.of age.A biopsy of th. biceps femoris muscl. was col.ected at two month. of age. After weaning at 210 d of age, steers were fed a backgrounding diet in a feedl.t until.308 d of age, wh.n th.y were transitioned to a h.gh.concentrate finish.ng diet and impl.nted with.trenbol.ne/estradiol.tyl.sin mixture. Steers were h.rvested at an average of 438 d of age. Al. diets were formul.ted to meet nutrient ***: Weaning weigh. and weigh. during th. backgrounding ph.se were l.nearl. increased(P l.vel. th.ugh.no difference in body weigh. was observed at h.rvest. Intramuscul.r fat of steers at 308 d of age, measured by ul.rasound, quadratical.y increased(P h.vitamin A l.vel.from 4.0±0.26 % to 4.9±0.26 %.Simil.rl., carcass marbl.ng score in th. ribeye quadratical.y increased(P l.sion: Administration of vitamin A at birth.increased weaning weigh. and enh.nced marbl.ng fat ***, vitamin A administration provides a practical.meth.d for increasing marbl.ng and earl. growth.of beef cattl..

关键词： Beef Cal. Cattl. Marbl.ng fat Qual.ty Vitamin A

Capturing th. val.e of biosurveil.ance“big data”th.ough.natural.capital.accounting

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Big Earth.Data 2021年第3期5卷 352-367页

作者： David Castl. Paul.D.N.h.bert El.zabeth.l.clare Ian D.h.gg Crystal.Trembl.y Sch.ol.Publ.c Administration and Gustavason Sch.ol.of Business University of VictoriaCanada Centre for Biodiversity Genomics University of GuelphGuelphCanada Ecol.gy and Evol.tionary Biol.gy York UniversityTorontoCanada Ecosystem Science Polar Knowledge CanadaOttawa and Cambridge BayCanada Department of Geograph. University of VictoriaCanada

Gl.bal.biodiversity is in *** of th. scal. and pace of biodiversity l.ss is l.ading to rapid tech.ol.gical.devel.pment in biodiversity science to identify species,th.ir interactions,and eco-system *** and international.pol.cy devel.pments to stimul.te mitigation and remediation actions are escal.ting to meet th. biodiversity *** can take advantage of biosurveil.l.nce“big data”as evidence for more sweeping and impactful.pol.cy *** critical.factor is transl.ting biosurveil.ance data into th. val.e-based frameworks underpinning new pol.cy *** approach.to th.s integration process,using natural.capital.accounting frameworks is devel.ped.

关键词： Biodiversity biosurveil.ance big data SDGs pol.cy natural.capital.accounting digital.twins model.ing

Social.interactions in a sol.tary carnivore

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Current Zool.gy 2017年第4期63卷 357-362页

作者： l. Mark El.ROCh.h.ward QUIGl.Y Panth.ra 8 West 40th Street 18th Floor New York NY 10018 USA

In total. 177 of 245 terrestrial.carnivores are described as sol.tary, and much.of carnivore ecol.gy is buil. on th. assumptions th.t interactions between adul. sol.tary carnivores are rare. We empl.yed Gl.bal.Positioning System （GPS） tech.ol.gy and motion-triggered cameras to test predictions of l.nd-tenure territorial.ty and th. resource dispersion h.poth.sis in a territorial.carnivore, th. puma Puma concol.r. We documented 89 independent GPS interactions, 60% of wh.ch.occurred at puma kil.s （n=53）, 59 camera interactions, 11 （17%） of wh.ch.captured courtsh.p beh.viors, and 5 oth.r interactions （1 F-F, 3 M-F, and 1 M-M）. Mean minimum weekl. contact rates were 5.5 times h.gh.r in winter, th. season wh.n el. Cervus el.ph.s were aggregated at l.wer el.vations and during wh.ch.puma courtsh.p primaril. occurred. In winter, contacts rates were 0.6_＋ 0.3 （standard devi- ation （SD）） interactions/week vs. 0.1 _＋ 0.1 （SD） interactions/week during summer. Th. preponder- ance of interactions at food sources supported th. resource dispersion h.poth.sis, wh.ch.predicts th.t resource fl.xes can expl.in temporary social.beh.viors th.t do not resul. in any apparent benefits for th. individual. invol.ed. Conspecific tol.rance is l.gical.wh.n a prey is so l.rge th.t th. predator th.t kil.ed it cannot consume it entirel., and th.s, th. costs of tol.rating a conspecific sh.ring th. kil. are l.ss th.n th. potential.costs associated with.defending it and being injured. Puma aggregations at kil.s numbered as h.gh.as 9, emph.sizing th. need for future research.on wh.t expl.ins tol.rance among sol.tary carnivores.

关键词： carnivores competition Puma concol.r resource dispersion h.poth.sis social.interactions tol.rance.