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Impacts of timing,length,and intensity of behavioral interventions to COVID-19 dynamics:North Carolina countylevel examples

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第3期7卷 535-544页

作者： claire quiner Kasey Jones Georgiy Bobashev RTI International 3040 E.Cornwallis RoadPO Box 12194Research Triangle ParkNC27709USA

We sought to examine how the impact of revocable behavioral interventions,e.g.,shelterin-place,varies throughout an epidemic,as well as the role that the proportion of susceptible individuals had on an intervention's *** estimated the theoretical impacts of start day,length,and intensity of interventions on disease transmission and illustrated them on COVID-19 dynamics inWake County,North Carolina,to inform how interventions can be most *** used a Susceptible,Exposed,Infectious,and Recovered(SEIR)model to estimate epidemic curves with modifications to the disease transmission parameter(β).We designed modifications to simulate events likely to increase transmission(e.g.,long weekends,holiday seasons)or behavioral interventions likely to decrease it(e.g.,shelter-in-place,masking).We compared the resultant curves'shape,timing,and cumulative case count to baseline and across other modified *** led to changes in COVID-19 dynamics,including moving the peak's location,height,and *** proportion susceptible,at the start day,strongly influenced their *** interventions shifted the curve,while interventions near the peak modified shape and case *** some scenarios,in which the transmission parameter was decreased,the final cumulative count increased over *** showed that the timing of revocable interventions has a strong impact on their *** same intervention applied at different time points,corresponding to different proportions of susceptibility,resulted in qualitatively differential *** estimation of the proportion susceptible is critical for understanding an intervention's *** findings presented here provide evidence of the importance of estimating the proportion of the population that is susceptible when predicting the impact of behavioral infection control *** emphasis should be placed on the estimation of this epidemic component in intervention design and decision-makin

关键词： Sars-cov-2 Public health decision-making Infection control policies

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Change in observed long-term greening across Switzerlandevidence from a three decades NDVI time-series and its relationship with climate and land cover factors

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Big Earth Data 2024年第1期8卷 1-32页

作者： claire Obuchowicz Charlotte Poussin Gregory Giuliani Institute for Environmental Sciences EnviroSPACE labUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Institute for Environmental Sciences University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland

Environmental changes are significantly modifying terrestrial vegetation dynamics,with serious consequences on Earth system functioning and provision of ecosystem *** conditions are an essential element underpinning global sustainability frameworks,such as the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),requiring effective solutions to assess the impacts of changing land conditions induced by various driving *** the global scale,long-term increase of vegetation greening has been widely reported notably in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems as a response to warming ***,greening trends at the national scale have received less attention,although countries like Switzerland are prone to important changing climate ***,we used a 35-year satellite-derived annual and seasonal time-series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)to assess vegetation greenness evolution at different spatial and temporal scales across Switzerland and related them to temperature,precipitation,and land cover to investigate possible responses of changing climatic *** indicate that there is a statistically significant greening trend at the national scale with an NDVI mean increasing slope of 0.6%/year for the 61%significant pixels across *** particular,the seasonal mean NDVI shows an important break for winter,autumn and spring seasons starting from 2010,potentially indicating a critical point of changing land *** biogeographical scale,we observed an apparent clustering(Jura-Plateau;Northern-Southern Alps;Eastern-Western Alps)related to landscape characteristics,while forested land cover classes are more responsive to NDVI ***,the NDVI values are mostly a function of temperature at elevations below the tree line rather than *** findings suggest that multi-annual and seasonal NDVI can be a valuable indicator to monitor vegetation conditions at different scales and can provide complementary observati

关键词： Landsat climate land cover NDVI anomaly

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The Artificial Disc Nucleus and Other Strategies for Replacement of the Nucleus Pulposus:Past,Present and Future Designs for an Emerging Surgical Solution

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Engineered Regeneration 2024年第2期5卷 269-281页

作者： Greg Sacks Vincent DeStefano claire Parker Ryan Lebens Harry Mushlin Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University Stony BrookNYUSA

Nucleus Pulposus(NP)Replacement is a developing surgical methodology for the treatment of pathology related to degeneration of intervertebral discs(IVDs).This article provides necessary context regarding the patholo-gies treated with this technology,the biomechanical structure and function of the IVD,and the procedures this technology aims to ***,it provides an overview and discussion of commercial and experimental preformed and in situ curing prosthesis designs reported in the scientific literature and summarizes the results of biomechanical and clinical studies evaluating their *** and updated information on the most recent research into NP replacement with novel hydrogel and tissue engineering(TE)strategies is *** of the NP allows for potential improvement in the treatment of degenerative spinal pathologies through minimally invasive surgical techniques.

关键词： Nucleus Pulposus Intradiscal Prosthesis Hydrogel Artificial Disc Implant Spine Surgery

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A decomposition of light’s spin angular momentum density

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1578-1589页

作者： Alex J.Vernon Sebastian Golat claire Rigouzzo Eugene A.Lim Francisco J.Rodríguez-Fortuño Department of Physics King’s College LondonStrandLondon WC2R 2LSUK London Centre for Nanotechnology LondonUK

Light carries intrinsic spin angular momentum(SAM)when the electric or magnetic field vector rotates over time.A familiar vector equation calculates the direction of light’s SAM density using the right-hand rule with reference to the electric and magnetic polarisation *** Maxwell’s equations,this vector equation can be decomposed into a sum of two distinct terms,akin to the well-known Poynting vector decomposition into orbital and spin *** present the first general study of this spin decomposition,showing that the two terms,which we call canonical and Poynting spin,are chiral analogies to the canonical and spin momenta of light in its interaction with *** canonical momentum,canonical spin is directly *** canonical and Poynting spin incorporate spatial variation of the electric and magnetic fields and are influenced by optical *** decomposition allows us to show that a linearly polarised vortex beam,which has no total SAM,can nevertheless exert longitudinal chiral pressure due to equal and opposite canonical and Poynting spins.

关键词： canonical momentum angular

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Understanding antimicrobial pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients to optimize antimicrobial therapy:A narrative review

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 287-298页

作者： claire Roger Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Pain and Emergency MedicineNîmes-Caremeau University HospitalNîmesFrance UR UM 103 IMAGINE(Initial Management and prévention of orGan failures IN critically ill patiEnts) Faculty of MedicineMontpellier UniversityMontpellierFrance

Effective treatment of sepsis not only demands prompt administration of appropriate antimicrobials but also requires precise dosing to enhance the likelihood of patient survival. Adequate dosing refers to the administration of doses that yield therapeutic drug concentrations at the infection site. This ensures a favorable clinical and microbiological response while avoiding antibiotic-related toxicity. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is the recommended approach for attaining these goals. However, TDM is not universally available in all intensive care units (ICUs) and for all antimicrobial agents. In the absence of TDM, healthcare practitioners need to rely on several factors to make informed dosing decisions. These include the patient's clinical condition, causative pathogen, impact of organ dysfunction (requiring extracorporeal therapies), and physicochemical properties of the antimicrobials. In this context, the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials vary considerably between different critically ill patients and within the same patient over the course of ICU stay. This variability underscores the need for individualized dosing. This review aimed to describe the main pathophysiological changes observed in critically ill patients and their impact on antimicrobial drug dosing decisions. It also aimed to provide essential practical recommendations that may aid clinicians in optimizing antimicrobial therapy among critically ill patients.

关键词： Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics ICU Antibiotics Dose optimization TDM

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Cardialysis 40年:领先欧洲的心血管研究机构

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中华心血管病杂志 2024年第1期52卷 107-110页

作者： Spitzer Ernest Ren claire Ben Cardialysis 鹿特丹3012KM 欧洲心血管研究所鹿特丹3012KM 荷兰鹿特丹伊拉斯谟大学医学中心胸部中心心内科鹿特丹3015GD

该文总结了Cardialysis的定位、过往成就及其未来发展的方向,其核心是在全球层面巩固和扩大临床试验研究者和临床研究专业人员之间的合作。Cardialysis的独特性在于其学术优势与独立性的结合以及高质量学术成果的产出。该文还总结了Card... 详细信息

该文总结了Cardialysis的定位、过往成就及其未来发展的方向,其核心是在全球层面巩固和扩大临床试验研究者和临床研究专业人员之间的合作。Cardialysis的独特性在于其学术优势与独立性的结合以及高质量学术成果的产出。该文还总结了Cardialysis心血管影像核心实验室和其过往完成的重要介入心脏病学临床试验;同时阐述了该组织提供的科技服务。此外,它还介绍了由Cardialysis(参与)创立的学术研究联盟(ARC)和欧洲心血管研究所(ECRI)两个非营利性学术组织。最后文章提到了Cardialysis成功的最重要贡献者,并分享了未来发展的方向。

关键词：心血管疾病核心实验室研究机构合作介入心脏病学心血管影像

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Promoting Healthy Longevity Should Start Young: A Life Course Journey

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Maternal-Fetal Medicine 2024年第1期6卷 1-4页

作者： Cuilin Zhang claire Guivarch Global Centre for Asian Women's Health Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity and Equality(ACRLE) Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBoston 02115USA

Introduction Throughout a woman’s life,several unique health characteristics are related to an increased risk of later disease morbidity and/or premature mortality(Fig.1).For instance,these include early age at menarche1,2(ie,“short,irregular or long menstrual cycles”)3,4,a history of infertility5,pregnancy loss6,several major pregnancy complications(eg,preeclampsia,gestational hypertension,gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and preterm delivery)7–9,and menopause characteristics(eg,long menopause transition period,early age at menopause,and the presence of vasomotor symptoms).

关键词： Population health Longevity Women's health

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From bibliometric analysis: 3D printing design strategies and battery applications with a focus on zinc‐ion batteries

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SmartMat 2024年第1期5卷 59-82页

作者： Xuan Gao Kejiang Liu Chang Su Wei Zhang Yuhang Dai Ivan P.Parkin claire J.Carmalt Guanjie He Christopher Ingold Laboratory Department of ChemistryUniversity College LondonLondonUK Electrochemical Innovation Lab(EIL) Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina Nanyang Technopreneurship Center Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Three‐dimensional(3D)printing has the potential to revolutionize the way energy storage devices are designed and *** this paper,we explore the use of 3D printing in the design and production of energy storage devices,especially zinc‐ion batteries(ZIBs)and examine its potential advantages over traditional manufacturing methods.3D printing could significantly improve the customization of ZIBs,making it a promising strategy for the future of energy *** particular,3D printing allows for the creation of complex,customized geometries,and designs that can optimize the energy density,power density,and overall performance of ***,we discuss and compare the impact of 3D printing design strategies based on different configurations of film,interdigitation,and framework on energy storage devices with a focus on ***,3D printing enables the rapid prototyping and production of batteries,reducing leading times and costs compared with traditional manufacturing ***,there are also challenges and limitations to consider,such as the need for further development of suitable 3D printing materials and processes for energy storage applications.

关键词： 3D printing battery commercialization bibliometric analysis electrode configurations zinc‐ion battery

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Establishment of a system for screening and identification of novel bactericide targets in the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae using Tn-seq and SPR

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1580-1592页

作者： Chaoyue Pang Ling Jin Haoyu Zang Damalk Saint-claire SKoklannou Jiazhi Sun Jiawei Yang Yongxing Wang Liang Xu Chunyan Gu Yang Sun Xing Chen Yu Chen School of Plant Protection Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Products Safety Anhui Academy of Agricultural SciencesHefei 230031China Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application School of Plant ProtectionAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei230036China Hefei Research Center State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsHefei 230036China Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province School of Plant ProtectionAnhui Agricultural University Hefei230036China Shandong Vicome Greenland Chemical Co. Ltd.Jinan 250204China

Xanthomonas spp. cause severe bacterial diseases. However, effective strategies for prevention and management of these diseases are scarce. Thus, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of control of diseases caused by Xanthomonas. In this study, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo), which causes rice bacterial leaf blight, has been studied as a representative. A transposon insertion library of Xoo, comprising approximately 200,000 individual insertion mutants, was generated. Transposon sequencing data indicated that the mariner C9 transposase mapped at 35.7–36.4% of all potential insertion sites, revealing 491 essential genes required for the growth of Xoo in rich media. The results show that, compared to the functions of essential genes of other bacteria, the functions of some essential genes of Xoo are unknown, 25 genes might be dangerous for the Xanthomonas group, and 3 are specific to Xanthomonas. High-priority candidates for developing broad-spectrum, Xanthomonas-specific, and environment-friendly bactericides were identified in this study. In addition, this study revealed the possible targets of dioctyldiethylenetriamine using surface plasmon resonance(SPR) in combination with high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(HPLC–MS). The study also provided references for the research of some certain bactericides with unknown anti-bacterial mode of action. In conclusion, this study urged a better understanding of Xanthomonas,provided meaningful data for the management of bacterial leaf blight, and disclosed selected targets of a novel bactericide.

关键词： rice bacterial leaf blight Xanthomonas essential genes Tn-seq dioctyldiethylenetriamine

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Recovery rates and long-term olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19 infection

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 121-128页

作者： Melanie Dias Zara Shaida Nora Haloob claire Hopkins ENT Department Guy's HospitalLondonUK

Objectives:Olfactory dysfunction is one of the most recognized symptoms of COVID-19,significantly impacting quality of life,particularly in cases where recovery is *** review aims to explore patterns of olfactory recovery post-COVID-19 infection,with particular focus on delayed *** Sources:Published literature in the English language,including senior author's own work,online and social media platforms,and patients'anecdotal ***:A comprehensive review of the literature was undertaken by the authors with guidance from the senior author with expertise in the field of ***:Based on self-report,an estimated 95%of patients recover their olfactory function within 6 months post-COVID-19 ***,psychophysical testing detects higher rates of persistent olfactory *** has been found to continue for at least 2 years postinfection;negative prognostic indicators include severe olfactory loss in the acute phase,female sex,and older *** in quantitative and qualitative disturbance in prolonged cases likely reflects both peripheral and central pathophysiological *** of many of the reviewed studies reflect lack of psychophysical testing and baseline olfactory ***:Post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction remains a significant health and psychosocial *** evidence is improving awareness and knowledge among clinicians to better support patients through their olfactory rehabilitation,with hope of recovery after several months or *** research is needed to better understand the underlying pathogenesis of delayed recovery,identify at risk individuals earlier in the disease course,and develop therapeutic targets.

关键词： anosmia COVID-19 olfaction parosmia recovery

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