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Bile acids as endogenous etiologic agents in gastrointestinal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第27期15卷 3329-3340页

作者： Harris Bernstein Carol Bernstein claire M Payne Katerina Dvorak Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy College of Medicine and Arizona Cancer Center University of ArizonaTucson Arizona 85724 United States Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy College of Medicine University of ArizonaTucson Arizona 85724 United States Hematology/Oncology Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System Tucson Arizona 85723 United States

Bile acids are implicated as etiologic agents in cancer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including cancer of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, biliary tract, pancreas and colon/rectum. Deleterious effects of bile acid exposure, likely related to carcinogenesis, include: induction of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species; induction of DNA damage; stimulation of mutation; induction of apoptosis in the short term, and selection for apoptosis resistance in the long term. These deleterious effects have, so far, been reported most consistently in relation to esophageal and colorectal cancer, but also to some extent in relation to cancer of other organs. In addition, evidence is reviewed for an association of increased bile acid exposure with cancer risk in human populations, in specific human genetic conditions, and in animal experiments. A model for the role of bile acids in GI carcinogenesis is presented from a Darwinian perspective that offers an explanation for how the observed effects of bile acids on cells contribute to cancer development.

关键词： Bile acids Cancer Adenocarcinoma Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Pancreas Colon Apoptosis DNA damage

Importance of Viral Disease in Dairy Cow Fertility

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Engineering 2020年第1期6卷 26-33页

作者： D.claire Wathes Chike F.Oguejiofor Carole Thomas Zhangrui Cheng Royal Veterinary College Hatfield AL97TAUK Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of NigeriaNsukka 410001Nigeria

Many viral diseases are endemic in cattle populations worldwide. The ability of many viruses to cross the placenta and cause abortions and fetal malformations is well understood. There is also significant evidence that viral infections have additional actions in dairy cows, which are reflected in reduced conception rates. These effects are, however, highly dependent on the time at which an individual animal first contracts the disease and are less easy to quantify. This paper reviews the evidence relating to five viruses that can affect fertility, together with their potential mechanisms of action. Acute infection with non-cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in mid-gestation increases abortion rates or causes the birth of persistently infected calves. BVDV infections closer to the time of breeding can have direct effects on the ovaries and uterine endometrium, which cause estrous cycle irregularities and early embryo mortality. Fertility may also be reduced by BVDV-induced immunosuppression, which increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Bovine herpesvirus (BHV)-1 is most common in pre-pubertal heifers, and can slow their growth, delay breeding, and increase the age at first calving. Previously infected animals subsequently show reduced fertility. Although this may be associated with lung damage, ovarian lesions have also been reported. Both BHV-1 and BHV-4 remain latent in the host following initial infection and may be reactivated later by stress, for example associated with calving and early lactation. While BHV-4 infection alone may not reduce fertility, it appears to act as a co-factor with established bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes to promote the development of endometritis and delay uterine repair mechanisms after calving. Both Schmallenberg virus (SBV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) are transmitted by insect vectors and lead to increased abortion rates and congenital ***-8 also impairs t

关键词： Bovine viral diarrhea virus Bovine herpesvirus-1 Bovine herpesvirus-4 Schmallenberg virus Bluetongue virus Immunosuppression Embryo mortality

Advances in soil erosion research:Mechanisms,modeling and applications-A special issue in honor of *** Nearing

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 589-591页

作者： Viktor Polyakov claire Baffaut Vito Ferro Scott Van Pelt Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS2000 E Allen RdTucsonAZ85718USA Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit USDA-ARS241 Ag Engineering BuildingUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA Department of Agricultural Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoViale Delle ScienzeBuilding 490128PalermoItaly Cropping Systems Research Laboratory USDA-ARS38104th StLubbockTX79401USA

*** Long-term sustainability of soils is one of the critical challenges facing *** erosion is an intrinsic geomorphological pro-cess,which if accelerated can threaten natural ecosystems and agri-culture through loss of productivity,sedimentation,and associated *** efforts to mitigate these problems require changes in management practices and large *** puts special emphasis on understanding physical processes driving soil erosion,developing techniques for accurate estimation of erosion rates and its on-site and off-site impacts,as well as devel-oping new modeling,prediction,and management tools.

关键词： soil erosion driving

Development of scanning transmission ion microscopy computed tomography at Fudan microbeam line

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2013年第4期24卷 5-8页

作者： LI Yongqiang HABCHI claire LIU Xue LIU Yiyang SHEN Hao Deaprtmentof Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical Colloge Fudan Unversity Institute of Modern Physics Applied Ion Beam Physics Laboratory Fudan University University Bordeaux CENBGUMR 5797 F-33170 Gradignan France Research Center of L aser Fusion CAEP

The computed tomography was applied to setting STIM(Scanning Transmission Ion Microscopy) projections recorded at the Fudan Ion Beam *** this work,in order to visualize the three-dimensional mass density distribution in several specimens,example for a test structure of hollow gold cyliner was presented together with a detailed description of the developed system,including data reconstruction code(Tomorebuild 2) and image display software(AMIRA).Future development will allow the particle induced X-ray emission tomography for elemental analysis of micrometer-sized samples.

关键词：计算机断层扫描离子束透射线扫描开发微束 X射线发射 STIM

Associations of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity with fatigue,quality of life,and sleep quality in adults living with and beyond cancer

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第6期12卷 664-673,F0003页

作者： Phillippa Lally Natalie Ella Miller claire Lawrence Rebecca J Beeken Abigail Fisher Department of Behavioural Science and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Department of Psychology University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Leeds Institute of Health Sciences Leeds LS29NLUK

Background Greater physical activity is associated with improved outcomes in people living with and beyond ***,most studies in exercise oncology use self-reported measures of physical *** have explored agreement between self-reported and device-based measures of physical activity in people living with and beyond *** study aimed to describe physical activity in adults affected by cancer across self-reported and device-assessed activity,to explore levels of agreement between these measures in terms of their utility for categorizing participants as meeting/not meeting physical activity guidelines,and to explore whether meeting guidelines is associated with fatigue,quality of life,and sleep *** A total of 1348 adults living with and beyond cancer from the Advancing Survivorship Cancer Outcomes Trial completed a survey assessing fatigue,quality of life,sleep quality,and physical *** Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to calculate a Leisure Score Index(LSI)and an estimate of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).Average daily steps and weekly aerobic steps were derived from pedometers worn by *** The percentage of individuals meeting physical activity guidelines was 44.3%using LSI,49.5%using MVPA,10.8%using average daily steps,and 28.5%using weekly aerobic ***(Cohen'sκ)between self-reported and pedometer measures ranged from 0.13(LSI *** daily steps)to 0.60(LSI ***).After adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related covariates,meeting activity guidelines using all measures was associated with not experiencing severe fatigue(odds ratios(ORs):1.43–1.97).Meeting guidelines using MVPA was associated with no quality-of-life issues(OR=1.53).Meeting guidelines using both self-reported measures were associated with good sleep quality(ORs:1.33–1.40).Conclusion Less than half of all adults affected by cancer are meeting physical activity guidelines,

关键词： Cancer survivorship Fatigue Physical activity Quality of life SleepTagedAPTARAEnd

Associations between maternal vitamin D status and porcine litter characteristics throughout gestation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 806-813页

作者： claire Stenhouse Emma Hurst Richard J.Mellanby Cheryl J.Ashworth Functional Genetics and Development Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK Current Affiliation Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843‑2471USA Clinical Sciences Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK.

Emerging evidence suggests an important role of vitamin D in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy,and the regulation of foetal growth across mammalian ***,the temporal changes in maternal vitamin D sta-tus throughout gestation in the pig and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and litter characteristics of interest across gestation remain poorly understood and *** abundance of 25(OH)D in maternal plasma was quantified by HPLC–MS/MS at gestational days(GD)18,30,45,60 and 90(n=5–11 gilts/GD).Maternal plasma 25(OH)D concentrations significantly increased between GD18 and GD30(P<0.05).The relationship between maternal vitamin D metabolite concentrations and litter characteristics of interest including gilt weight,ovulation rate,mean litter weight,number of live foetuses,percentage prenatal survival,and sex ratio of the litter was *** 25(OH)D(P=0.059)concentrations tended to be positively associated with percentage prenatal survival on *** GD90,maternal 25(OH)D(P<0.05)concentrations were inversely associated with gilt *** plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with the percentage of male foetuses in the litter on GD90(P<0.05).This study has provided novel insights into temporal changes in maternal vitamin D status throughout ges-tation and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and the economically important litter characteristics of gilt weight,percentage prenatal survival and percentage of male foetuses in the *** the understanding of the role of vitamin D across important developmental timepoints in relation to foetal growth is essential to improve reproductive success in livestock species.

关键词： Porcine Pregnancy Vitamin D

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我们的感觉

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2019年

作者： (英)claire Llewellyn

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Impacts of timing,length,and intensity of behavioral interventions to COVID-19 dynamics:North Carolina countylevel examples

2019年

作者： (英)claire Llewellyn

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第3期7卷 535-544页

作者： claire Quiner Kasey Jones Georgiy Bobashev RTI International 3040 E.Cornwallis RoadPO Box 12194Research Triangle ParkNC27709USA

We sought to examine how the impact of revocable behavioral interventions,e.g.,shelterin-place,varies throughout an epidemic,as well as the role that the proportion of susceptible individuals had on an intervention's *** estimated the theoretical impacts of start day,length,and intensity of interventions on disease transmission and illustrated them on COVID-19 dynamics inWake County,North Carolina,to inform how interventions can be most *** used a Susceptible,Exposed,Infectious,and Recovered(SEIR)model to estimate epidemic curves with modifications to the disease transmission parameter(β).We designed modifications to simulate events likely to increase transmission(e.g.,long weekends,holiday seasons)or behavioral interventions likely to decrease it(e.g.,shelter-in-place,masking).We compared the resultant curves'shape,timing,and cumulative case count to baseline and across other modified *** led to changes in COVID-19 dynamics,including moving the peak's location,height,and *** proportion susceptible,at the start day,strongly influenced their *** interventions shifted the curve,while interventions near the peak modified shape and case *** some scenarios,in which the transmission parameter was decreased,the final cumulative count increased over *** showed that the timing of revocable interventions has a strong impact on their *** same intervention applied at different time points,corresponding to different proportions of susceptibility,resulted in qualitatively differential *** estimation of the proportion susceptible is critical for understanding an intervention's *** findings presented here provide evidence of the importance of estimating the proportion of the population that is susceptible when predicting the impact of behavioral infection control *** emphasis should be placed on the estimation of this epidemic component in intervention design and decision-makin

关键词： Sars-cov-2 Public health decision-making Infection control policies