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用振动防治斑衣蜡蝉

环球科学 2024年第13期 16-17页

作者：克莱尔·玛丽·波特张宇哲(翻译) 不详

自从2014年斑衣蜡蝉(spotted lanternfly)入侵美国并在东海岸肆虐以来,人们一直在寻找消灭它们的办法,然而这种昆虫极难被杀灭。它们摧毁了当地的树木和葡萄藤等果树,被美国宾夕法尼亚大学列为150年来可能最具破坏性的昆虫。斑衣蜡蝉的... 详细信息

自从2014年斑衣蜡蝉(spotted lanternfly)入侵美国并在东海岸肆虐以来,人们一直在寻找消灭它们的办法,然而这种昆虫极难被杀灭。它们摧毁了当地的树木和葡萄藤等果树,被美国宾夕法尼亚大学列为150年来可能最具破坏性的昆虫。斑衣蜡蝉的排泄物被昆虫学家称作“蜜露”,其中会滋生多种病原真菌。

关键词：斑衣蜡蝉昆虫学家病原真菌葡萄藤排泄物东海岸

Fe-doped olivine and char for in-bed elimination of gasification tars in an air-blown fluidised bed reactor coupled with oxidative hot gas filtration

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2022年第4期5卷 271-288页

作者： Miguel Ruiz Adam Schnitzer claire Courson Guillain Mauviel LRGP CNRSUniversity of LorraineENSIC1 Rue GrandvilleNancyFrance University of Lorraine LERMaBENSTIB27 Rue Philippe S´eguinPO Box 1041F-88051 EpinalFrance Institut of Chemistry and Processes for Energy Environment and HealthICPEES–UMR 7515University of Strasbourg25 Rue Becquerel67087 StrasbourgFrance

Gasification experiments were carried out in a pilot scale fluid bed reactor operated under allothermal mode and low fluidisation regime with iron-doped olivine and char as catalyst for in-situ tar *** catalyst combination resulted in a reduction of 50%in the overall tar yield with respect to the reference ***,the integration of an oxidative Hot Gas Filtration unit downstream the gasification reactor led to a further reduction in overall tar yield and relatively clean gas was obtained(approx.1 g/Nm3,benzene-free).The tar dew point of the resulting producer gas was estimated to 80℃,only 40℃ above the threshold value recommended for its valorisation in standard internal combustion ***,catalyst elutriation and char hold-up took place to a large extent inside the *** analysis of catalyst samples at different Time-On-Stream(TOS)revealed:(i)a considerable loss of iron oxides during the first hour of test because of the interparticle mechanical attrition(mostly surface abrasion)and partial reduction of hematite to magnetite and wustite but,stable composition at higher TOS,(ii)the loss of the iron oxide coverage of Fe/olivine particles and the formation of agglomerates with increasing TOS and,(iii)the amount of carbon deposited in the surface of the Fe/olivine particles increased with TOS,but in any case,these carbon deposits can be completely oxidized above 650℃.

关键词： Gasification Tar Oxidative hot gas filtration Char Iron-doped olivine

Cell adhesion in renal tubular epithelial cells:Biochemistry,biophysics or both

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BIOCELL 2022年第4期46卷 937-940页

作者： claire ELIZABETH HILLS ELEFTHERIOS SIAMANTOURAS PAUL EDWARD SQUIRES Diabetes Metabolism&Inflammation GroupSchool of Life SciencesJoseph Banks LaboratoriesUniversity of LincolnLincolnLN67DLUK

Changes in cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion markers are increasingly used to characterize disease onset and ***,these relationships depend on both the biochemical and molecular association between cells and between cells and their extracellular matrix,as well as the biophysical and mechanical properties orchestrated by cytoskeletal,membrane and matrix *** fully appreciate the role of cell adhesion when determining normal physiology and the impact of disease on cellular function,it is important to consider both biochemical and biophysical attributes of the system being *** this short viewpoint we reflect on our experiences assessing cell-cell and/or cell-matrix interactions in renal tubular epithelial cells.

关键词： Cell-adhesion Cadherin Cytoskeleton AFM Kidney Epithelium

What is driving gender inequalities in physical activity among adolescents?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第4期11卷 424-426页

作者： Regina Guthold Juana Willumsen Fiona claire Bull Adolescent and Young Adult Health Unit MaternalNewbornChild and Adolescent Health and Ageing DepartmentWorld Health OrganizationGeneva CH-1211Switzerland Physical Activity Unit Health Promotion DepartmentWorld Health OrganizationGeneva CH-1211Switzerland

In most countries around the globe,adolescent girls are less physically active than ***,the majority of studies have been conducted in high-income countries,while there is less evidence from low-and middle-income countries.1 The reasons for this gender difference in physical activity(PA)participation are poorly understood.A recently published article by Ricardo et al.2 on gender inequalities in adolescent PA from 64 global south countries seeks to close this knowledge gap.

关键词： inequalities physically income

Advances in soil erosion research:Mechanisms,modeling and applications-A special issue in honor of *** Nearing

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 589-591页

作者： Viktor Polyakov claire Baffaut Vito Ferro Scott Van Pelt Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS2000 E Allen RdTucsonAZ85718USA Cropping Systems and Water Quality Research Unit USDA-ARS241 Ag Engineering BuildingUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211USA Department of Agricultural Food and Forest SciencesUniversity of PalermoViale Delle ScienzeBuilding 490128PalermoItaly Cropping Systems Research Laboratory USDA-ARS38104th StLubbockTX79401USA

*** Long-term sustainability of soils is one of the critical challenges facing *** erosion is an intrinsic geomorphological pro-cess,which if accelerated can threaten natural ecosystems and agri-culture through loss of productivity,sedimentation,and associated *** efforts to mitigate these problems require changes in management practices and large *** puts special emphasis on understanding physical processes driving soil erosion,developing techniques for accurate estimation of erosion rates and its on-site and off-site impacts,as well as devel-oping new modeling,prediction,and management tools.

关键词： soil erosion driving

Associations of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity with fatigue,quality of life,and sleep quality in adults living with and beyond cancer

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第6期12卷 664-673,F0003页

作者： Phillippa Lally Natalie Ella Miller claire Lawrence Rebecca J Beeken Abigail Fisher Department of Behavioural Science and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Department of Psychology University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Leeds Institute of Health Sciences Leeds LS29NLUK

Background Greater physical activity is associated with improved outcomes in people living with and beyond ***,most studies in exercise oncology use self-reported measures of physical *** have explored agreement between self-reported and device-based measures of physical activity in people living with and beyond *** study aimed to describe physical activity in adults affected by cancer across self-reported and device-assessed activity,to explore levels of agreement between these measures in terms of their utility for categorizing participants as meeting/not meeting physical activity guidelines,and to explore whether meeting guidelines is associated with fatigue,quality of life,and sleep *** A total of 1348 adults living with and beyond cancer from the Advancing Survivorship Cancer Outcomes Trial completed a survey assessing fatigue,quality of life,sleep quality,and physical *** Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to calculate a Leisure Score Index(LSI)and an estimate of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).Average daily steps and weekly aerobic steps were derived from pedometers worn by *** The percentage of individuals meeting physical activity guidelines was 44.3%using LSI,49.5%using MVPA,10.8%using average daily steps,and 28.5%using weekly aerobic ***(Cohen'sκ)between self-reported and pedometer measures ranged from 0.13(LSI *** daily steps)to 0.60(LSI ***).After adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related covariates,meeting activity guidelines using all measures was associated with not experiencing severe fatigue(odds ratios(ORs):1.43–1.97).Meeting guidelines using MVPA was associated with no quality-of-life issues(OR=1.53).Meeting guidelines using both self-reported measures were associated with good sleep quality(ORs:1.33–1.40).Conclusion Less than half of all adults affected by cancer are meeting physical activity guidelines,

关键词： Cancer survivorship Fatigue Physical activity Quality of life SleepTagedAPTARAEnd

Associations between maternal vitamin D status and porcine litter characteristics throughout gestation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 806-813页

作者： claire Stenhouse Emma Hurst Richard J.Mellanby Cheryl J.Ashworth Functional Genetics and Development Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK Current Affiliation Department of Animal ScienceTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843‑2471USA Clinical Sciences Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothian EH259RGUK.

Emerging evidence suggests an important role of vitamin D in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy,and the regulation of foetal growth across mammalian ***,the temporal changes in maternal vitamin D sta-tus throughout gestation in the pig and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and litter characteristics of interest across gestation remain poorly understood and *** abundance of 25(OH)D in maternal plasma was quantified by HPLC–MS/MS at gestational days(GD)18,30,45,60 and 90(n=5–11 gilts/GD).Maternal plasma 25(OH)D concentrations significantly increased between GD18 and GD30(P<0.05).The relationship between maternal vitamin D metabolite concentrations and litter characteristics of interest including gilt weight,ovulation rate,mean litter weight,number of live foetuses,percentage prenatal survival,and sex ratio of the litter was *** 25(OH)D(P=0.059)concentrations tended to be positively associated with percentage prenatal survival on *** GD90,maternal 25(OH)D(P<0.05)concentrations were inversely associated with gilt *** plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with the percentage of male foetuses in the litter on GD90(P<0.05).This study has provided novel insights into temporal changes in maternal vitamin D status throughout ges-tation and the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and the economically important litter characteristics of gilt weight,percentage prenatal survival and percentage of male foetuses in the *** the understanding of the role of vitamin D across important developmental timepoints in relation to foetal growth is essential to improve reproductive success in livestock species.

关键词： Porcine Pregnancy Vitamin D

Impacts of timing,length,and intensity of behavioral interventions to COVID-19 dynamics:North Carolina countylevel examples

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第3期7卷 535-544页

作者： claire Quiner Kasey Jones Georgiy Bobashev RTI International 3040 E.Cornwallis RoadPO Box 12194Research Triangle ParkNC27709USA

We sought to examine how the impact of revocable behavioral interventions,e.g.,shelterin-place,varies throughout an epidemic,as well as the role that the proportion of susceptible individuals had on an intervention's *** estimated the theoretical impacts of start day,length,and intensity of interventions on disease transmission and illustrated them on COVID-19 dynamics inWake County,North Carolina,to inform how interventions can be most *** used a Susceptible,Exposed,Infectious,and Recovered(SEIR)model to estimate epidemic curves with modifications to the disease transmission parameter(β).We designed modifications to simulate events likely to increase transmission(e.g.,long weekends,holiday seasons)or behavioral interventions likely to decrease it(e.g.,shelter-in-place,masking).We compared the resultant curves'shape,timing,and cumulative case count to baseline and across other modified *** led to changes in COVID-19 dynamics,including moving the peak's location,height,and *** proportion susceptible,at the start day,strongly influenced their *** interventions shifted the curve,while interventions near the peak modified shape and case *** some scenarios,in which the transmission parameter was decreased,the final cumulative count increased over *** showed that the timing of revocable interventions has a strong impact on their *** same intervention applied at different time points,corresponding to different proportions of susceptibility,resulted in qualitatively differential *** estimation of the proportion susceptible is critical for understanding an intervention's *** findings presented here provide evidence of the importance of estimating the proportion of the population that is susceptible when predicting the impact of behavioral infection control *** emphasis should be placed on the estimation of this epidemic component in intervention design and decision-makin

关键词： Sars-cov-2 Public health decision-making Infection control policies

Associations between testicular development and fetal size in the pig

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1340-1350页

作者： claire Stenhouse Yennifer Cortes-Araya F.Xavier Donadeu Cheryl J.Ashworth Functional Genetics and Development Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University440 Kleberg CenterCollege StationTX 77843-2471USA

Background:Impaired reproductive performance is the largest contributing factor for the removal of boars from commercial *** growth restricted piglets represent 25%of the total number of piglets born and have impaired reproductive *** study aimed to improve the understanding of temporal changes in testicular gene expression during testes development in fetuses of different *** lightest and closest to mean litter weight(CTMLW)male Large White×Landrace littermates were collected at gestational days(GD)45,60 and 90(n=5-6 litters/GD).Results:Testes weight and testes weight as a percentage of fetal weight were not associated with fetal size at GD60 or *** plasma testosterone was not associated with fetal size at *** was no association between fetal size and seminiferous tubule area and number,number of germ or Sertoli cells per *** lightest fetuses tended to have wider seminiferous tubules compared to the CTMLW fetuses at GD90(P=0.077).The testicular expression of KI67(P≤0.01)and BAX:BCL2 ratio(P=0.058)mRNAs decreased as gestation *** SPP1 mRNA expression was observed at GD60 when compared with GD45 and 90(P≤0.05).Lower expression of DMRT1 and SPP1(P<0.01)mRNAs was observed in testes associated with the lightest fetuses compared to the CTMLW fetuses at ***:These findings provide novel insights into the expression profiles of genes associated with testicular development and ***,these data suggest that programming of reproductive potential in IUGR boars occurs late in gestation,providing a platform for further mechanistic investigation.

关键词： Fetal growth Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR) Porcine Pregnancy Testes