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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第5期17卷 338-343页

作者： claire L.Hoban Roger W.Byard Ian F.Musgrave Discipline of Pharmacology The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

Objective: Assessing adverse drug reactions(ADRs) is a proven method to estimate the safety of medicines. The ADRs to herbal medicines in Australia(and by inference, the safety of herbal medicines in Australia) remain unknown. This study examines spontaneous ADR cases to four of the most popular herbs in Australia from 2000 to 2015: echinacea(Echinacea purpurea), valerian(Valeriana officinalis), black cohosh(Actaea racemosa) and ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba).Methods: ADRs of echinacea, valerian, black cohosh and ginkgo reported to the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration(TGA) between 2000 and 2015 were obtained from the TGA database. Data were collated and analysed according to age, sex, severity, type of ADR and body system affected. Statistics were calculated using Graph Pad Prism ***: Most ADRs were mild or moderate. However, every herbal medicine was associated with lifethreatening ADRs. In each life-threatening case, the herbal medicine was taken concomitantly with prescription medications. Black cohosh was associated with a significant number of severe ADRs(30.3% of the total), with 39.4% of these ADRs being associated with abnormal hepatic function, hepatitis or ***: This study highlights the lack of public awareness with regard to herb–drug interactions,since most of the severe ADRs involved a herb–drug interaction.

关键词： Herbal medicine Adverse drug reaction Actaea racemosa Echinacea purpurea Ginkgo biloba Valeriana officinalis

Youth Participation at the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第2期6卷 150-163页

作者： Lydia Cumiskey Tam Hoang Sachi Suzuki claire Pettigrew Moa M.Herrgard Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group UN Major Group for Children&Youth Youth Beyond Disasters Water Youth Network Marine and Coastal Systems Health and Safety Emergency Management and Business Continuity UnitVictoria University Standing Committee on Human Right and Peace International Federation of Medical Students’Associations Department of Engineering Tohoku University

This article summarizes and analyzes the Children & Youth Forum and youth participation in the process during and leading up to the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction(WCDRR) in2015. An organizing committee consisting of international students and young professionals brought together around200 young professionals and students from around the globe to exchange ideas and knowledge on reducing disaster risk, building resilient communities, and advocating for the inclusion of youth priorities within the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR). The knowledge exchange during the Forum was structured around a Toolbox for Resilience that connected to the SFDRR section on Priorities for Action. This article presents the outcomes of these young people’s participation in the disaster risk reduction capacity building eventsand policy-making, as well as the follow-up actions envisioned by the young participants of the Forum. The voices of the younger generation were heard in the SFDRR and young people are ready to expand their actions for the framework’s effective implementation. Young people call on technical experts, donors, NGOs, agencies, governments, and academia to partner with them on this journey to create a more resilient tomorrow together.

关键词： Children & Youth Forum Disaster risk reduction SFDRR Toolbox for Resilience

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Unusual switchable peroxidase-mimicking nanozyme for the determination of proteolytic biomarker

2019年

作者： (英)claire Llewellyn

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Nano Research 2019年第3期12卷 509-516页

作者： claire McVey Natasha Logan Nguyen T. K. Thanh Christopher Elliott Cuong Cao Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queens University Belfast 18-30 Malone Road Belfast BT9 5BN UK Biophysics Group Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London London WC1E 6BT UK UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories 21 Albemarle Street London W1S 4BS UK Material and Advanced Technologies for Healthcare Queens University Belfast 18-30 Malone Road Belfast BT9 5BN UK

Detection of enzyme biomarkers originating from either bio-fluids or contaminating microorganisms is of utmost importance in clinical diagnostics and food safety. Herein, we present a simple, low-cost and easy-to-use sensing approach based on the switchable peroxidase-mimicking activity of plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that can catalyse for the oxidation of 3,3’,5’5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) for the determination of protease enzyme. The AuNP surface is modified with casein, showing dual functionalities. The first function of the coating molecule is to suppress the intrinsic peroxidase-mimicking activity of AuNPs by up to 77.1%, due to surface shielding effects. Secondly, casein also functions as recognition sites for the enzyme biomarker. In the presence of protease, the enzyme binds to and catalyses the degradation of the coating layer on the AuNP surface, resulting in the recovery of peroxidase-mimicking activity. This is shown visually in the development of a blue colored product (oxidised TMB) or spectroscopically as an increase in absorbance at 370 and 650 nm. This mechanism allows for the detection of protease at 44 ng·mL^-1 in 90 min. The nanosensor circumvents issues associated with current methods of detection in terms of ease of use, compatibility with point-of-care testing, low-cost production and short analysis time. The sensing approach has also been applied for the detection of protease spiked in ultra-heat treated (UHT) milk and synthetic human urine samples at a limit of detection of 490 and 176 ng·mL^-1, respectively, showing great potential in clinical diagnostics, food safety and quality control.

关键词： gold nano particles peroxidase-mimicking nanozyme enzyme detection biomarkers

Current practices and future prospects for the management of gallbladder polyps: A topical review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第26期24卷 2844-2852页

作者： R Stephen McCain Anna Diamond claire Jones Helen G Coleman Centre for Public Health Institute of Clinical Sciences Queens University Belfast Ulster Hospital South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust Mater Hospital Belfast Health and Social Care Trust Queens University Belfast Centre for Public Health Queen’s University Belfast

A gallbladder polyp is an elevation of the gallbladder mucosa that protrudes into the gallbladder lumen. Gallbladder polyps have an estimated prevalence in adults of between 0.3%-12.3%. However, only 5% of polyps are considered to be "true" gallbladder polyps, meaning that they are malignant or have malignant potential. The main radiological modality used for diagnosing and surveilling gallbladder polyps is transabdominal ultrasonography. However, evidence shows that other modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound may improve diagnostic accuracy. These are discussed in turn during the course of this review. Current guidelines recommend cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps sized 10 mm and greater, although this threshold is lowered when other risk factors are identified. The evidence behind this practice is relatively low quality. This review identifies current gaps in the available evidence and highlights the necessity for further research to enable better decision making regarding which patients should undergo cholecystectomy, and/or radiological follow-up.

关键词： Gallbladder polyps Gallbladder cancer True polyps Pseudo polyps

The relationship between pain and associated characteristics of chronic ankle instability:A retrospective study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 96-101页

作者： Saeed Al Adal Martin Mackey Fereshteh Pourkazemi claire E.Hiller Faculty of Health Sciences University of SydneySydneyPO Box 170LidcombeNSW1825Australia Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Najran UniversityNajranPO Box 1988Saudi Arabia

Background'. Up to 74% of people with a history of ankle sprain develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). One commonly reported residualimpairment is ankle pain;however, it has not been included in models or inclusion criteria for CAL We investigated the prevalence of pain inpeople with CAI and the association between presence of pain and other CAI ***'. Retrospective data from 1147 participants with CAI (age 26.6 ± 10.7 years, 59% female) were collated from previous studies that usedthe Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool as an assessment tool. Pain was assessed from Item 1 of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, whichasks participants about ankle pain. Responses were divided into 3 categories: pain during daily activities, pain during moderate/vigorous physicalactivities, and no pain. The presence of pain was analyzed with descriptive statistics, the correlation between pain category and CAI characteris・tics was analyzed by /2 tests and factors associated with each pain category were analyzed by logistic ***'. Among the participants, 60.1% (n = 689) reported ankle pain. Of all participants, 12.4% (n = 142) reported pain during daily activities,47.7% (n = 547) reported pain during moderate/vigorous physical activities, and 39.9% (n = 458) reported no pain. There was a strong associationbetween ankle instability and ankle pain (/2 = 122.2, p < 0.001, OR = 53& 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.84—7.53). Perceived ankle instability,age and unilateral ankle sprains were independently associated with pain (ankle instability: /2 = 43.29, p < 0.001;age: /2 = 30.37,p < 0.001;unilateral ankle sprains: /2 = 6.25, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the presence of pain between ***-. The prevalence of pain in people with CAI was high and was related to perceived ankle instability. Number of sprains, age, genderand unilateral or bilateral sprain did not modify this result except for the first pain category (pain duri

关键词： Ankle impairments Ankle instability Ankle sprain CAIT Pain

Associations between testicular development and fetal size in the pig

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作者： claire Adam.

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1340-1350页

作者： claire Stenhouse Yennifer Cortes-Araya F.Xavier Donadeu Cheryl J.Ashworth Functional Genetics and Development Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University440 Kleberg CenterCollege StationTX 77843-2471USA

Background:Impaired reproductive performance is the largest contributing factor for the removal of boars from commercial *** growth restricted piglets represent 25%of the total number of piglets born and have impaired reproductive *** study aimed to improve the understanding of temporal changes in testicular gene expression during testes development in fetuses of different *** lightest and closest to mean litter weight(CTMLW)male Large White×Landrace littermates were collected at gestational days(GD)45,60 and 90(n=5-6 litters/GD).Results:Testes weight and testes weight as a percentage of fetal weight were not associated with fetal size at GD60 or *** plasma testosterone was not associated with fetal size at *** was no association between fetal size and seminiferous tubule area and number,number of germ or Sertoli cells per *** lightest fetuses tended to have wider seminiferous tubules compared to the CTMLW fetuses at GD90(P=0.077).The testicular expression of KI67(P≤0.01)and BAX:BCL2 ratio(P=0.058)mRNAs decreased as gestation *** SPP1 mRNA expression was observed at GD60 when compared with GD45 and 90(P≤0.05).Lower expression of DMRT1 and SPP1(P<0.01)mRNAs was observed in testes associated with the lightest fetuses compared to the CTMLW fetuses at ***:These findings provide novel insights into the expression profiles of genes associated with testicular development and ***,these data suggest that programming of reproductive potential in IUGR boars occurs late in gestation,providing a platform for further mechanistic investigation.

关键词： Fetal growth Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR) Porcine Pregnancy Testes

The contributions of bacteria metabolites to the development of hepatic encephalopathy

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Liver Research 2023年第4期7卷 296-303页

作者： Miranda claire Gilbert Tahereh Setayesh Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisSacramentoCAUSA

Over 20%of mortality during acute liver failure is associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy(HE).Thus,HE is a complication of acute liver failure with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclinical alterations to *** is caused by the diversion of portal blood into systemic circulation through portosystemic collateral ***,the brain is exposed to intestinal-derived toxic ***,the strategies to prevent advancement and improve the prognosis of such a liver-brain disease rely on intestinal microbial *** is supported by the findings that antibiotics such as rifaximin and laxative lactulose can alleviate hepatic cirrhosis and/or prevent ***,the significance of the gut-liver-brain axis in human health warrants *** review paper focuses on the roles of bacteria metabolites,mainly ammonia and bile acids(BAs)as well as BA receptors in *** literature search conducted for this review included searches for phrases such as BA receptors,BAs,ammonia,farnesoid X receptor(FXR),G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1(GPBAR1 or TGR5),sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2(S1PR2),and cirrhosis in conjunction with the phrase hepatic encephalopathy and portosystemic ***,as well as Google Scholar,was the search engines used to find relevant publications.

关键词： Liver Gut-liver-brain axis Bile acids(BAs) Bile acid(BA)receptors Farnesoid X receptor(FXR) Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5) Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) Brain

数字游民生活方式的商品化和浪漫化:网络叙事与职业身份工作的塑造

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开放时代 2024年第3期 183-198页

作者：克劳汀·博诺杰里米·阿罗尔斯克莱尔·埃斯塔尼亚西姚建华(译) 张艺啦(译) 加拿大魁北克大学蒙特利尔分校管理学院英国约克大学商业和社会学院加拿大魁北克大学蒙特利尔分校传播与数字化实验室复旦大学新闻学院不详

数字游民生活方式的推广者(digital nomad lifestyle promoters,DNLPs)是数字游民的重要组成部分。本文聚焦这一群体网络叙事中一组极为关键的概念,即商品化和浪漫化。首先,DNLPs的生活方式是高度商品化的。他们在社交媒体和新闻报道中... 详细信息

数字游民生活方式的推广者(digital nomad lifestyle promoters,DNLPs)是数字游民的重要组成部分。本文聚焦这一群体网络叙事中一组极为关键的概念,即商品化和浪漫化。首先,DNLPs的生活方式是高度商品化的。他们在社交媒体和新闻报道中高度可见,且极度依赖这种可见性来维持自己的生活方式,其中最主要的做法是在社交媒体上展示其生活和成功经历,用来吸引大量有意成为数字游民的人群以及新手。在这个过程中,一方面,DNLPs把自己作为数字游民的丰富经验转化为经过验证的有用方法和资源,既为其他数字游民设定了实际的行动目标,又赋能那些缺乏经验者,从而赢得社群的认可;另一方面,DNLPs在数字游民社区中销售与自己生活方式相关的产品和服务,满足不同数字游民多元化的物质和专业需求,并将其接入特定的社交网络。这种商品化和浪漫化紧密联系在一起。DNLPs的日常工作包括运用文字、照片、视频等多媒体形式,生动和直观地展示数字游民生活方式的魅力,激发人们无限的想象。无论是DNLPs分享的精彩旅行内容,还是他们的生活理念和愿景,都构筑出一个美好的、浪漫的乌托邦世界。然而,这种浪漫化也引发了一系列问题,比如掩盖了数字游民生活中那些“不太美好”的体验,如孤独感、合作困难等。在此基础上,三位作者描述和分析了DNLPs的职业活动,商业化的产品和服务,以及主导叙事,并提炼出四种典型的叙事模式:激励者、教导者、社区管理者和影响者。他们深刻地洞察到,一方面,网络叙事是DNLPs职业正当性的源泉;另一方面,它在DNLPs同侪(包括其他数字游民和地点独立工作者)身份工作的建构过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。这一类型学的构建是本文最主要的理论贡献之一。文章在结尾部分强调,DNLPs的网络叙事在正当性的基础上隐含了一种巧妙的控制。这种控制方式与传统的组织控制不同,它受商品化逻辑的驱动。在这个过程中,DNLPs只有将其生活方式浪漫化,才能确保经济利益的最大化。换言之,商品化和浪漫化与控制紧密交织。这些发现使得本文对DNLPs网络叙事的批判更具深刻性和否思性,同时启发读者进一步思考:作为零工经济中的新型社会群体,当数字游民被赋予更多时间和空间自由时,如何理解这类工作的灵活性?更为重要的是,数字游民生活方式所展现的商品化和浪漫化相互交织的线索,反映了新经济形态中劳动者与资本、新媒体技术、话语及其背后意识形态之间怎样的关系和变化呢?

关键词：社交媒体浪漫化职业身份新闻报道网络叙事新媒体技术社交网络可见性