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Effects of fibers and gut microbiota on low-grade inflammatory human disease

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2019年第6期8卷 664-665页

作者： cinzia Parolini Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly

Obesity represents a major public health problem,as it leads to metabolic disorders involved in the development of type 2 diabetes,fatty liver diseases,cardiovascular diseases and cancer(1).The Western lifestyle,including over-feeding of highly refined diets and sedentary behavior,is associated with systemic low-grade inflammation,responsible for chronic degenerative ***,animal and human data have demonstrated the impact of high-fat diet feeding on the onset of metabolic *** latter,being characterized by increase blood lipopolysaccharide(LPS)levels,triggers low-grade inflammation and contributes to the development of *** gut microbiota are a candidate sources of plasma ***,LPS is a major component of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria and its plasma levels are correlated with changes in intestinal microbiota where the Gram-negative to Gram-positive ratio is increased by high fat feeding(1).Not surprising that in humans,obesity is characterized by dysbiosis,*** in the composition and function of the intestinal ***,many studies are being conducted to assess the contribution of intestinal microflora metabolites[mainly short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)]to the organism’s *** fibers have been promoted for their health benefits and high-fiber intake has been reported as beneficial in numerous chronic diseases(2).However,we have to keep in mind that consumption of dietary fiber significantly alters the composition of the gut microbiota.

关键词： inflammation homeostasis fibers

Pin-on-disc study of dry sliding behavior of Co-free HVOFcoated disc tested against different friction materials

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Friction 2021年第5期9卷 1242-1258页

作者： Matteo FEDERICI cinzia MENAPACE Alessandro MANCINI Giovanni STRAFFELINI Stefano GIALANELLA Department of Industrial Engineering University of TrentoTrento 32122Italy Brembo S.p.A. StezzanoBergamo 24040Italy

The dry sliding behavior of three commercial friction materials(codenamed FM1,FM2,and FM3)tested against a Co‐free cermet coating produced by high‐velocity oxy‐fuel(HVOF)on gray cast‐iron discs is ***1 is a conventional low‐metallic friction material,FM2 is developed for using against HVOF‐coated discs,and FM3 is a Cu‐free friction material with a low content of abrasives and a relatively high concentration of steel *** the tribological evaluation,they are tested on a pin‐on‐disc(PoD)test rig against Co‐free HVOF‐coated discs,with particular attention to the running‐in stage,which is fundamental for the establishment of a friction layer between the two mating surfaces,i.e.,the pin and *** PoD tests are performed at room temperature(RT)and a high temperature(HT)of 300℃.At RT,all materials exhibit a long running‐in *** HT,no running‐in is observed in FM1 and FM2,whereas a shorter running‐in period,with respect to the RT case,is observed in FM3 followed by the attainment of a comparatively high coefficient of *** RT,the pin wear is mild in all cases but severe at ***3 shows the lowest wear rate at both ***,the coated disc shows no wear when sliding against the FM3 friction *** the results are interpreted considering the microstructural characteristics of the friction layers formed on the sliding *** findings of the present study provide insights into reducing wear in braking system components and hence reducing environmental particulate matter emissions from their wear,through the use of disc coatings.

关键词： friction materials sliding wear high‐velocity oxy‐fuel(HVOF)coatings pin‐on‐disc(PoD)testing

Very low calorie ketogenic diet and common rheumatic disorders:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第9期11卷 1985-1991页

作者： Mariangela Rondanelli Zaira Patelli Clara Gasparri Francesca Mansueto cinzia Ferraris Mara Nichetti Tariq A Alalwan Ignacio Sajoux Roberto Maugeri Simone Perna Department of Public Health Experimental and Forensic MedicineUnit of Human and Clinical NutritionIRCCS Mondino FoundationPavia 27100Italy Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit Azienda di Servizi alla Persona"Istituto Santa Margherita"University of PaviaPavia 27100Italy Food Education and Sport Nutrition Laboratory Department of Public HealthExperimental and Forensic MedicineUniversity of PaviaPavia 27100Italy Department of Biology College of ScienceUniversity of BahrainSakhir 32038Bahrain Chief Scientific Office Medical Department Pronokal GroupBarcelona 08001Spain Medical Direction PronoKal GroupSavigliano 12038Italy

BACKGROUND The scientific literature provides evidence that nutritional ketosis can be an important support in the treatment of pathologies in which inflammation is present,as recent studies have shown that ketone bodies have anti-inflammatory activity in numerous diseases,including rheumatic *** report the case of a 22-year-old woman with class I obesity and juvenile idiopathic arthritis who started treatment with a very low calorie ketogenic diet(VLCKD).CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 22-year-old woman diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis at age 4 years and with a body mass index(BMI)of 30.8 kg/m2,waist circumference(WC)80 cm,fat mass(FM)28.1 kg,free FM 45.7 kg,and visceral adipose tissue(VAT)3.5 kg,assessed on bioimpedance *** was treated using a commercial VLCKD weight-loss program(PNK®method);this program provides high-biological-value protein preparations and natural *** protein preparation contains 15 g protein,4 g carbohydrate,3 g fat,and 50 mg omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid,with an energy content of 90–120 *** four months on the program,the BMI was 28.6 kg/m2,WC 73 cm,FM 23.2 kg,free FM 41.9 kg,and VAT 2.9 *** VLCKD enabled the patient to reach her target weight and to reduce her joint pain and *** inflammatory indices also normalized.

关键词： Very low calorie ketogenic diet Inflammation PNK

Retrograde Signaling and Photoprotection in a gun4 Mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1242-1262页

作者： cinzia Formighieri Mauro Ceol Giulia Bonente Jean-David Rochaix Roberto Bassi Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Universita di Verona Strada Le Grazie 15 1-37134 Verona Italy Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology University of Geneva Sciences Ⅲ 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland

GUN4 is a regulatory subunit of Mg-chelatase involved in the control of tetrapyrrole synthesis in plants and cyanobacteria. Here, we report the first characterization of a gun4 insertion mutant of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The mutant contains 50% of chlorophyll as compared to wild-type and accumulates ProtolX. In contrast to the increase in LHCtranscription, the accumulation of most LHC proteins is drastically diminished, implying posttranscriptional down-regulation in the absence of transcriptional coordination. We found that 803 genes change their expression level in gun4 as compared to wild-type, by RNA-Seq, and this wide-ranging effect on transcription is apparent under physiological conditions. Besides LHCs, we identified transcripts encoding enzymes of the tetrapyrrole pathway and factors involved in signal transduction, transcription, and chromatin remodeling. Moreover, we observe perturbations in electron transport with a strongly decreased PSI-to-PSII ratio. This is accompanied by an enhanced activ- ity of the plastid terminal oxidase （PTOX） that could have a physiological role in decreasing photosystem II excitation pressure.

关键词： green algae Chlamydomonas genome uncoupled (gun) mutants gun4 retrograde signaling PTOX.

Whitlockite has a characteristic distribution in mammary microcalcifications and it is not associated with breast cancer

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Cancer Communications 2023年第10期43卷 1169-1173页

作者： Carlo Morasso Renzo Vanna Francesca Piccotti Lidia Frizzi Marta Truffi Sara Albasini Camelia Borca Thomas Huthwelker Laura Villani Oliver Bunk cinzia Giannini Fabio Corsi Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS PaviaItaly National Research Council (IFN-CNR) Institute for Photonics and NanotechnologiesMilanItaly Paul Scherrer Institut Villigen PSISwitzerland National Research Council Institute of CrystallographyBariItaly Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences University of MilanMilanItaly

Dear Editor,Microcalcifications(MCs)are common findings in mammography and can be indicative of different degrees of malignancy,thus requiring multiple stereotaxis vacuumassisted biopsies under mammography to identify and characterize breast cancer[1,2].In many cases,however,the presence of MCs is not associated with the presence of a ***,a better understanding of the physical-chemical properties of MCs is needed to assess the relationship between their presence and breast cancer.

关键词： breast cancer cancer.

Bsm I(rs1544410) and Fok I(rs2228570) vitamin D receptor polymorphisms, smoking, and body mass index as risk factors of cutaneous malignant melanoma in northeast Italy

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第3期14卷 302-318页

作者： Sabina Cauci Vincenzo Maione cinzia Buligan Martina Linussio Diego Serraino Giuseppe Stinco Department of Medicine University of UdineUdine 33100Italy Dermatology Clinic University Hospital of Brescia Brescia 25123Italy Dermatology Clinic University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Unit of Cancer Epidemiology CRO Aviano National Cancer InstituteAviano 33081Italy

Objective:To investigate whether vitamin D receptor gene(VDR)Bsm I-rs1544410 and Fok I-rs2228570 polymorphisms,smoking duration,and body mass index(BMI)are risk factors for cutaneous melanoma,especially metastatic ***:We studied 120 cutaneous melanoma cases[68 stage I and II non-metastatic melanoma(NMet M)patients,plus 52Stage III and IV metastatic melanoma(Met M)patients],and 120 matching healthy controls from northeast *** polymorphisms were measured by restriction fragment length polymorphism *** or presence of Bsm I and Fok I restriction sites was denoted by"B"and"F"or by"b"and"f,"***:VDR-Bsm I bb genotype was more frequent among Met M(32.7%)than among NMet M cases(13.2%),with odds ratio(OR)=*** of all melanoma patients vs healthy controls showed that the following biomarkers were at risk:≥20 years of smoking(OR=2.43);≥20 years of smoking combined with bb(OR=4.78),Bb+bb(OR=2.30),Ff(OR=3.04),and Ff+ff(OR=3.08);obesity(BMI>30Conclusions:Risk factors for cutaneous Met M include two VDR polymorphisms combined with smoking duration and *** suggest gene-environment implications in melanoma susceptibility and *** studies in larger cohorts and in subjects with different genetic background are warranted to extend our findings.

关键词： Vitamin D receptor VDR polymorphism cutaneous melanoma metastatic melanoma smoking body mass index obesity skin cancer

Repeated anastomotic recurrence of colorectal tumors: Genetic analysis of two cases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第32期17卷 3752-3758页

作者： Renato Costi cinzia Azzoni Federico Marchesi Lorena Bottarelli Vincenzo Violi Cesare Bordi Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche Università degli Studi di Parma 43100 Parma Italy Département de Chirurgie Digestive et Endocrinienne H pital Cochin Assistance Publique-H pitaux de Paris Université Paris Descartes 75679 Paris France Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio Sezione di Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica Università degli Studi di Parma 43100 Parma Italy

AIM: To investigate genetics of two cases of colorectal tumor local recurrence and throw some light on the etiopathogenesis of anastomotic recurrence. METHODS: Two cases are presented: a 65-year-old female receiving two colonic resections for primary anastomotic recurrences within 21 mo, and a 57-year-old female undergoing two local excisions of recurrent anastomotic adenomas within 26 mo. A loss of heterozygosity (LOH) study of 25 microsatellite markers and a mutational analysis of genes BRAF , K-RAS and APC were performed in samples of neoplastic and normal colonic mucosa collected over the years. RESULTS: A diffuse genetic instability was present in all samples, including neoplastic and normal colonic mucosa. Two different patterns of genetic alterations (LOH at 5q21 and 18p11.23 in the first case, and LOH at 1p34 and 3p14 in the second) were found to be associated with carcinogenesis over the years. A role for the genes MYC-L (mapping at 1p34) and FIHT (mapping at 3p14.2) is suggested, whereas a role for APC (mapping at 5q21) is not shown. CONCLUSION: The study challenges the most credited intraluminal implantation and metachronous carcinogenesis theories, and suggests a persistent, patient-specific alteration as the trigger of colorectal cancer anastomotic recurrence.

关键词：肠肿瘤复发遗传分析案件微卫星标记遗传不稳定 F基因发病机制

A dissipated energy comparison to evaluate fatigue resistance using 2-point bending

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2014年第1期1卷 49-54页

作者： cinzia Maggiore Gordon Airey Paul Marsac NTEC University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom IFSTTAR NantesFrance

Fatigue is the main failure mode in pavement engineering. Typically, micro-cracks originate at the bottom of asphalt concrete layer due to horizontal tensile strains. Micro-cracks start to propagate towards the upper layers under repeated loading which can lead to pavement failure. Different methods are usually used to describe fatigue behavior in asphalt materials such as： phenomenological approach, fracture mechanics approach and dissipated energy ap- proach. This paper presents a comparison of fatigue resistances calculated for different dissipated energy models using 2-point bending （2PB） at IFSTTAR in Nantes. 2PB tests have been undertaken under different loading and environmental conditions in order to evaluate the properties of the mixtures （stiffness, dissipated energy, fatigue life and healing effect）.

关键词： fatigue resistance dissipated energy 2-point bending fracture mechanics approach

The effect of chemical structure of carboxylate molecules on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.A structural and morphological study

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第8期6卷 2360-2371页

作者： Lorenzo Degli Esposti Alessio Adamiano Dritan Siliqi cinzia Giannini Michele Iafisco Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics(ISTEC) National Research Council(CNR)Via Granarolo 6448018FaenzaItaly Institute of Crystallography(IC) National Research Council(CNR)Via Amendola 122/O70126BariItaly

Being the most abundant non-macromolecular organic component of bone,the role of citrate(Cit)in hydroxyapatite(HA)crystallization is of high *** this work we have investigated the influence of hydroxycitrate(CitOH)and glutarate(Glr)on HA crystallization in terms of particle growth,composition,and morphology in comparison to *** and Glr have been selected for this work because they share the same backbone structure of Cit but bear different functional groups in the central *** data has revealed that CitOH strongly inhibits HA crystallization more efficiently than ***-HA nanoparticles are composed of platy,elongated particles similar to those of Cit-HA but they are *** smaller and have a lower crystal *** the other hand,Glr does not inhibit HA crystallization as Cit,but leads to the formation of OCP platelets that convert with maturation time to HA nanorods with larger aspect ratio than *** comparison to Cit-HA samples,Glr-HA nanoparticles have bigger dimensions,and higher structural ***,our data reveal that the central carboxyl group of Cit is involved in the selective binding with HA crystal surface and in regulating HA crystal *** results of this work highlight new possibilities to control the formation of HA for designing advanced bioactive materials and give new insights on the role of the structure of Cit in regulating the HA morphology.

关键词： Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Biomineralization Citrate Carboxylates Hydroxycitrate Glutarate