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A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom

High Power laser science and Engineering 2021年第2期9卷 41-126页

作者： Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler sir Peter l.Knight steve Knight Adrian Knowles ciaran l.s.lewis Ken s.lipton Abby littlechild John littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel seddon MBE Zheng-Ming sheng David slater Roland A.smith Christopher spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin s.Wark Colin Webb s.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone AWE Aldermaston ReadingUK Oxford Centre for High Energy Density science Department of PhysicsClarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Intertial Fusion studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Formerly of Electrox LetchworthUK Formerly of Central laser Facility Rutherford LaboratoryDidcotUK Formerly of Ferranti Defence systems LincolnUK leonardo EdinburghUK Retired AWEReadingUK Formerly of AWE ReadingUK Formerly of laser lines ltd BanburyUK Formerly of Optilas ltd Milton KeynesUK Retired Pro-Lite TechnologyCranfieldUK specialised Imaging ltd PitstoneUK Central laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Magna-Power Electronics ltd ReadingUK DeBe lasers Needham Laser TechnologiesWhitchurchUK Blackett laboratory Imperial College LondonLondonUK sPIE Europe CardiffUK Professor Emeritus(Physics) University of HullKingston upon HullUK Kentech Instruments ltd WallingfordUK Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Professor Emeritus Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Physics Durham UniversityDurhamUK Professor Emeritus(Photonics) Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghUK Professor Emeritus University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Optical surfaces ltd KenleyUK JEH lasers ltd RugbyUK scottish Universities Physics Alliance Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK ITER Organization Saint-Paul-lez-DuranceFrance Manx Precision Optics ltd BallasallaUK laser lines ltd BanburyUK Elliot scientific ltd MetroTest Scientific GroupHarpendenUK Centre for Plasma Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Retired Founderand former MDRofin-Sinar UK LtdHullUK Heraeus Noblelight ltd CambridgeUK Mirli Books ChelmsfordUK M squared lasers ltd GlasgowUK University of Hertfordshire HatfieldUK E&EO UK ltd Barton-upon-HumberUK Department of Physics University of YorkYorkUK IC Optical systems ltd BeckenhamUK laser Micromachining ltd St AsaphUK MBDA UK ltd Brist

The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by *** of Hughes Research laboratories,*** laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different *** the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of *** historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years.

关键词： high-power lasers history United Kingdom

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seasonal exports of phosphorus from intensively fertilised nested grassland catchments

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1847-1857页

作者： ciaran lewis Rashad Rafique Nelius Foley Paul leahy Gerard Morgan John Albertson sandeep Kumar Gerard Kiely Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University College Cork Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology University of Oklahoma Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Aquatic services Unit Environmental Research Institute University College Cork Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke University Department of Plant science South Dakota State University

We carried out a one year （2002） study of phosphorus （P） loss from soil to water in three nested grassland catchments with known P input in chemical fertilizer and animal liquid slurry applications. Chemical fertilizer was applied to the grasslands between March and september and animal slurry was applied over the twelve months. The annual chemical P fertilizer applications for the 17 and 211 ha catchments were 16.4 and 23.7 kg P/ha respectively and the annual slurry applications were 10.7 and 14.0 kg P/ha, respectively. The annual total phosphorus （TP） export in stream-flow was 2.61, 2.48 and 1.61 kg P/ha for the 17, 211 and 1524 ha catchments, respectively, compared with a maximum permissible （by regulation） annual export of ca. 0.35 kg P/ha. The export rate （ratio of P export to P in land applications） was 9.6% and 6.6% from the 17 and 211 ha catchments, respectively. On average, 70% of stream flow and 85% of the P export occurred during the five wet months （October to February） indicating that when precipitation is much greater than evaporation, the hydrological conditions are most favourable for P export. However the soil quality and land use history may vary the results. Particulate P made up 22%, 43% and 37% of the TP export at the 17, 211 and 1524 ha catchment areas, respectively. As the chemical fertilizer was spread during the grass growth months （March to september）, it has less immediate impact on stream water quality than the slurry applications. We also show that as the catchment scale increases, the P concentrations and P export decrease, confirming dilution due to increasing rural catchment size. In the longer term, the excess P from fertilizer maintains high soil P levels, an antecedent condition favourable to P loss from soil to water. This study confirms the significant negative water quality impact of excess P applications, particularly liquid animal slurry applications in wet winter months. The findings suggest that restricted P application in w

关键词： phosphorus fertilizer slurry exports grassland land management water quality eutrophication

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Emergence of the Wallerian degeneration pathway as a mechanism of secondary brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 980-981页

作者： ciaran scott Hill Andrea loreto National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery University College London HospitalsUCL Cancer InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK Jon Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

Augustus Volney Wal ler was a renowned British neurophysiologist who birthed the axon degeneration field in 1850 by describing curdling and fragmentation of the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal cranial nerves of a frog following a transection *** degeneration of axons after a transection injury is now known as Wallerian degeneration(WD).Waller’s work was expanded by santiago Ramón y Cajal who described in detail the morphological stages of WD from monitory fragmentation of the axon and the granular disintegration of the neurofibrils to the final resorption of the axon.

关键词： degeneration nerves Wallerian

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Fabrication of Nanoscale Active Plasmonic Elements Using Atomic Force Microscope Tip-Based Nanomachining

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第1期5卷 50-59页

作者： ciaran Barron silas O'Toole Dominic Zerulla school of Physics University College DublinDublinIreland

Atomic force microscopy(AFM)is a widely adopted imaging and surface analysis technique that provides resolutions on the nanometer *** tip-based nanomachining has recently been adopted for the fabrication of arbitrarily shaped nanoscale structures.A major challenge of using AFM tip-based machining for the sculpting of nanoscale plasmonic structures is the build-up of displaced material along the sides of the *** we apply this nanomechanical machining method to create active plasmonic elements and present the strategy we have been using to avoid the formation of such ***,a number of post-manufacturing treatments that can potentially be used to reduce the amount of debris surrounding the fabricated structures are discussed.

关键词： Nanomechanical machining Nanoscale fabrication Plasmonics Atomic force microscope AFM

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Women and exercise in aging

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Journal of sport and Health science 2014年第3期3卷 170-178页

作者： Kristina l.Kendall ciaran M.Fairman Department of Health and Kinesiology Georgia Southern University

Aging is associated with physiological declines, notably a decrease in bone mineral density （BMD） and lean body mass, with a concurrent increase in body fat and central adiposity. Interest in women and aging is of particular interest partly as a result of gender specific responses to aging, particularly as a result of menopause. It is possible that the onset of menopause may augment the physiological decline associated with aging and inactivity. More so, a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome （an accumulation of cardiovascular disease risk factors including obesity, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose） has been shown in middle-aged women during the postmenopausal period. This is due in part to the drastic changes in body composition, as previously discussed, but also a change in physical activity （PA） levels. sarcopenia is an age related decrease in the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle fibers that consequently leads to a decline in physical function, gait speed, balance, coordination, decreased BMD, and quality of life. PA plays an essential role in combating physiological decline associated with aging. Maintenance of adequate levels of PA can result in increased longevity and a reduced risk for metabolic disease along with other chronic diseases. The aim of this paper is to review relevant literature, examine current PA guidelines, and provide recom- mendations specific to women based on current research.

关键词： Aerobic Exercise prescription Flexibility Older adults strength training

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Bibliometric analysis of research on the effects of human immunodeficiency virus in orthopaedic and trauma surgery

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第3期12卷 169-177页

作者： ciaran Brennan Maritz laubscher sithombo Maqungo simon Matthew Graham Orthopaedic Research Unit University of Cape TownCape Town 7925South Africa Division of Orthopaedic surgery Groote Schuur HospitalCape Town 7925South Africa Institute of Population Health sciences University of LiverpoolLiverpool L97ALUnited Kingdom Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma surgery Liverpool University Teaching Hospitals TrustLiverpool L97ALUnited Kingdom Department of Clinical sciences Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpool L97ALUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND There is little research investigating how human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)affects outcomes in orthopaedic *** advances in treatment,HIV has become a chronic health problem and the chance of orthopaedic surgeons encountering it in clinical practice is *** To ascertain the quantity and quality of peer-reviewed publications in orthopaedic journals about *** A search of the Web of science database was carried out,identifying any articles relating to HIV published in orthopaedic *** were assessed for geographic origin and level of *** Of 48.7%of orthopaedic journals listed on the Web of science database had published articles relating to *** were 168 articles about HIV in orthopaedic journals with only 40.5%(n=68)published in the time frame we analysed(January 2007 to september 2017).Very few articles came from lowincome countries and any articles published from that setting were *** of the articles were low level of *** There is a need for more high level orthopaedic and trauma research investigating the effects of HIV,particularly research from low-income countries,where higher level research will help to guide improvements in their treatment of its musculoskeletal manifestations and complications.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus Research Bibliometric analysis Analysis Orthopaedic

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Miniaturisation of high-throughput plasmid DNA library preparation for next-generation sequencing using multifactorial optimisation

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synthetic and systems Biotechnology 2019年第1期4卷 57-66页

作者： lorna suckling ciaran McFarlane Chelsea sawyer stephen P.Chambers Richard I.Kitney David W.McClymont Paul s.Freemont The london DNA Foundry SynbiCITEImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK Department of life sciences Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK Department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK Department of Medicine Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK

High-throughput preparation of plasmid DNA libraries for next-generation sequencing(NGs)is an important capability for molecular biology *** particular,it is an essential quality control(QC)check when large numbers of plasmid variants are being ***,we describe the use of the Design of Experiments(DOE)methodology to optimise the miniaturised preparation of plasmid DNA libraries for NGs,using the Illumina®Nextera XT technology and the labcyte Echo®acoustic liquid dispensing ***,we describe methods which can be implemented as a QC check for identifying the presence of genomic DNA(gDNA)in plasmid DNA samples and the subsequent shearing of the gDNA,which otherwise prevents the acoustic transfer of plasmid *** workflow enables the preparation of plasmid DNA libraries which yield high-quality sequencing data.

关键词： preparation otherwise shearing

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Prediction of voltage distribution using deep learning and identified key smart meter locations

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Energy and AI 2021年第4期6卷 31-40页

作者： Maizura Mokhtar Valentin Robu David Flynn ciaran Higgins Jim Whyte Caroline loughran Fiona Fulton smart system Research Group Heriot-Watt UniversityRiccarton CampusEH144ASEdinburghUK CWI National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science1098XG AmsterdamThe Netherlands Algorithmics Group EEMCSDelft University of Technology2628XE DelftThe Netherlands Derryherk ltd. Renfrewshire PA113BEUK smart Meter systems SP Energy NetworksGlasgow G25ADUK

The energy landscape for the low-Voltage(lV)networks is undergoing rapid *** changes are driven by the increased penetration of distributed low Carbon Technologies,both on the generation side(*** of micro-renewables)and demand side(*** vehicle charging).The previously passive‘fit-and-forget’approach to lV network management is becoming increasing inefficient to ensure its effective operation.A more agile approach to operation and planning is needed,that includes pro-active prediction and mitigation of risks to local sub-networks(such as risk of voltage deviations out of legal limits).The mass rollout of smart meters(sMs)and advances in metering infrastructure holds the promise for smarter network ***,many of the proposed methods require full observability,yet the expectation of being able to collect complete,error free data from every smart meter is unrealistic in operational ***,the smart meter(sM)roll-out has encountered significant issues,with the current voluntary nature of installation in the UK and in many other countries resulting in low-likelihood of full sM coverage for all lV *** with a comprehensive sM roll-out privacy restrictions,constrain data availability from *** address these issues,this paper proposes the use of a Deep learning Neural Network architecture to predict the voltage distribution with partial sM coverage on actual network operator lV *** results show that sM measurements from key locations are sufficient for effective prediction of the voltage distribution,even without the use of the high granularity personal power demand data from individual customers.

关键词： Voltage prediction smart meters Deep neural learning Distribution network operation Big Data Analytics Analytic methods in power networks Privacy-preserving data analysis

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Understanding celiac disease monitoring patterns and outcomes after diagnosis:A multinational,retrospective chart review study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第20期27卷 2603-2614页

作者： Knut EA lundin ciaran P Kelly David s sanders Kristina Chen sheena Kayaniyil sisi Wang Rajvi J Wani Caitlin Barrett shakira Yoosuf Ellen s Pettersen Robert sambrook Daniel A leffler K.G.Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre University of OsloOslo 0450Norway Department of Gastroenterology Oslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOslo 0372Norway Celiac Center Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Celiac Research Program Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115United States Royal Hallamshire Hospital University of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUnited Kingdom Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co. CambridgeMA 02139United States Real World Evidence strategy and Analytics ICON plc.TorontoON L7N 3G2Canada Real World Evidence strategy and Analytics ICON plc.VancouverBC V6B 1P1Canada

BACKGROUND long-term outcomes and monitoring patterns in real-world practice are largely unknown among patients with celiac *** To understand patterns of follow-up and management of patients with celiac disease,and to characterize symptoms and villous atrophy after *** A retrospective chart review study was performed using medical chart data of patients diagnosed with celiac *** gastroenterology referral centers,with substantial expertise in celiac disease,participated in the United Kingdom,United states,and *** and clinical data were collected from medical *** analyses were conducted on patients with biopsyconfirmed celiac disease,diagnosed between 2008 and 2012,with at least one follow-up visit before December 31,*** demographic and clinical characteristics,biopsy/serology tests and results,symptoms,and comorbidities were captured at diagnosis and for each clinic visit occurring within the study period(i.e.,before the study end date of December 31,2017).REsUlTs A total of 300 patients were included in this study[72%female;mean age at diagnosis:38.9 years,standard deviation(sD)17.2].Patients were followed-up for a mean of 29.9 mo(sD 22.1)and there were,on average,three follow-up visits per patient during the study *** two-thirds(68.4%)of patients were recorded as having ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms and 11.0%had ongoing symptoms and enteropathy during *** 80%of patients were referred to a dietician at least once during the follow-up ***(50.0%)of the patients underwent at least one follow-up duodenal biopsy and 36.6%had continued villous *** of monitoring varied between *** were conducted more frequently in Norway and patients in the United states had a longer follow-up *** This real-world study demonstrates variable follow-up of patients with celiac disease despite most patients continuing to have abnormal histology

关键词： Celiac disease Outcomes research Endoscopy Real-world General practice Villous atrophy

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Cyber Babies： The Impact of Emerging Technology on the Developing Infant

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Psychology Research 2015年第9期5卷 504-518页

作者： ciaran Haughton Mary Aiken Carly Cheevers RCsI CyberPsychology Research Centre RCSI Institute of Leadership Dublin Ireland

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