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Correction to:Advancing the Disaster and Development Paradigm

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 178-178页

作者： Andrew e.collins Department of Geography and environmental Sciences/Disaster and Development Network(DDN) Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE18STUK

Correction to:International Journal of Disaster Risk Science(2018)9:486–495 https://***/10.1007/s13753-018-0206-5 In this article the reference to Lewis(2012)was incorrect;it should have read Lewis and Kelman(2012),with the following details:Lewis,J.,and *** good,the bad and the ugly:Disaster Risk Reduction(DRR)versus Disaster Risk Creation(DRC).PLoS Currents:***://***/10.1371/4f8d4eaec6af8.

关键词： details Creation Lewis

Plant-available water capacity of soils at a regional scale:Analysis of fixed and dynamic field capacities

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 590-605页

作者： Vinod PHOGAT Paul RPeTRIe Casandra collins Marcos BONADA South Australian Research and Development Institute GPO Box 397Adelaide SA 5001(Australia) School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideWaite CampusPMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia) College of Science and engineering Flinders UniversityBedford Park SA 5042(Australia) The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052(Australia) ARC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production University of AdelaidePMB1Glen Osmond SA 5064(Australia)

estimation of the plant-available water capacity(PAWC)of soils at a regional scale helps in adopting better land use planning,developing suitable irrigation schedules for crops,and optimizing the use of scarce water *** the current study,72 soil profiles were sampled from the Barossa region of South Australia to estimate pedo-transfer functions deduced from easily estimated soil *** functions were then used to estimate the fixed(10 and 33 kPa)and dynamic pressure head(h_(fc))water contents at field capacity(FC)for minimum drainage flux(0.01 and 0.001 cm d^(-1)),which serves as the upper boundary for plant-available water in *** estimated residual water content was corrected for subsoil constraints,especially the exchangeable sodium percentage(eSP).The results showed that the mean values of h_(fc)in sand-dominated light and medium textured soils(i.e.,sand,loamy sand,sandy loam,and loam)varied in a narrow range(15.8-18.2 kPa),whereas those in the clay-dominated heavy textured soils(i.e.,clay loam)showed a wide range(11.3-49.3 kPa).There were large differences in PAWC for dynamic FC(PAWC_(fc))and fixed FC at 10 kPa(PAWC10),33 kPa(PAWC33),and a mix of 10and 33 kPa(PAWC_(10,33))pressure heads depending on soil ***,the difference between PAWC at 10 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(10))was positive,whereas that between 33 kPa and h_(fc)(ΔPAWC_(33))was negative across all ***,the estimation of PAWC assuming a fixed FC at 10 and 33 kPa pressures(i.e.,PAWC_(10,33))for sandy,clay,and silty soils reduced the difference between fixed and dynamic pressure PAWCs toe *** estimation of PAWC was improved by incorporating the impact of subsoil constraints,such as high eSP,which was more pronounced for clay and silty *** findings demonstrate the inherent inconsistencies between static pressure and flux-based dynamic FC estimations in *** heterogeneity,intra-texture variability,subsoil constraints,and swell

关键词： crop lower limit drained upper limit pedo-transfer function soil hydraulic parameter soil texture

Advancing the Disaster and Development Paradigm

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 486-495页

作者： Andrew e.collins Department of Geography and environmental Sciences /Disaster and Development Network (DDN) Northumbria University

Consolidation of disaster and development studies as an integrated field of action research that influences policy has proved to be fundamental to global disaster risk reduction, sustainable development, climate change, and humanitarian agreements. However, challenges in achieving targets, such as those of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals, requires further advances of the disaster and development paradigm underpinning these aspirations. This article presents perspectives that grew primarily from local action research, particularly research carried out with marginalized and highly at-risk groups of people in Southern Africa and South *** fronts from these findings emphasize disaster and development risk assessment opportunities that consolidate earlier ideas and extend understanding of disaster and development-related risk intervention options. These acknowledge severe shortcomings in disaster risk reduction progress while including greater use of hope as an active ingredient. This process of paradigm exploration remains fundamental to achieving disaster risk reduction, sustainable development, and associated policy objectives. The analysis presented here reiterates earlier groundings in people-centric perspectives, emphasizing social relations and systems of meaning as essential active ingredients for challenging power structures, technology, education, and human behavior. The analysis proposes some consequent thematic fronts for increased investment. These includeinvesting in early buildup of well-being before a disaster,better living with uncertainty, and overcoming the barriers to desired disaster and development outcomes. The article is intended to contribute to an ever-evolving paradigm of disaster and development risk that requires impetus from personal and collective values beyond calculations of disaster and development.

关键词： Disaster and development paradigm Disaster risk reduction Disaster risk management Local action research

Development and characterization of 3D-printed electroconductive pHeMA-co-MAA NP-laden hydrogels for tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 262-276页

作者： Sara De Nitto Aleksandra Serafin Alexandra Karadimou Achim Schmalenberger John J.eMulvihill Maurice N.collins DIBRIS Polytechnic Inter-School Section University of Genoa16126 GenoaItaly School of engineering Bernal InstituteUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland School of Natural Sciences Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland Health Research Institute University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland AMBeR University of LimerickLimerick V94 T9PXIreland

Tissue engineering(Te)continues to be widely explored as a potential solution to meet critical clinical needs for diseased tissue replacement and tissue *** this study,we developed a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)(pHeMA-co-MAA)based hydrogel loaded with newly synthesized conductive poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene)(PeDOT)and polypyrrole(PPy)nanoparticles(NPs),and subsequently processed these hydrogels into tissue engineered constructs via three-dimensional(3D)*** presence of the NPs was critical as they altered the rheological properties during ***,all samples exhibited suitable shear thinning properties,allowing for the development of an optimized processing window for 3D *** were 3D printed into pre-determined disk-shaped configurations of 2 and 10 mm in height and diameter,*** observed that the NPs disrupted the gel crosslinking efficiencies,leading to shorter degradation times and compressive mechanical properties ranging between 450 and 550 *** conductivity of the printed hydrogels increased along with the NP concentration to(5.10±0.37)×10^(−7)S/*** vitro studies with cortical astrocyte cell cultures demonstrated that exposure to the pHeMA-co-MAA NP hydrogels yielded high cellular viability and proliferation ***,hydrogel antimicrobial studies with staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria revealed that the developed hydrogels affected bacterial *** together,these materials show promise for various Te strategies.

关键词： Conductive nanoparticles Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HeMA) Ultraviolet(UV)polymerization 3D printing

Climate Change, Water Scarcity, and Health Adaptation in Southwestern Coastal Bangladesh

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第1期10卷 28-42页

作者： Md.Anwarul Abedin Andrew e.collins Umma Habiba Rajib Shaw Department of Soil Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Department of Geography and environmental Sciences/Disaster and Development Network (DDN) Northumbria University Department of Agricultural extension Ministry of Agriculture Graduate School of Media and Governance Keio UniversityShonan Fujisawa Campus (SFC)

Climate change may affect human health through multiple and interactive pathways that include safe water scarcity. However, impacts of climate change-induced water scarcity on health and well-being are *** 80% of illnesses in developing countries are attributed to unsafe drinking water and waterborne diseases. In Southwestern Bangladesh, lack of safe drinking water is a severe crisis due to climate change. The study investigated the impacts of climate change on water resources and human health in a coastal area. A questionnaire survey was carried out in two villages of Shymnagar upazila on the southwestern coast to investigate the present status of safe water sources and health care facilities and their impacts on the local community. The results show that the local community believes that climate change is having substantial impacts on freshwater sources and health. More than 70% of the respondents identified diarrhea, dysentery,and skin diseases as the prime waterborne health risks that occur through climate-related safe water scarcity. By synthesizing the ground data, we suggest pathways to health adaptation to climate change effects and safe water scarcitythrough locally available adaptive practices such as the use of pond sand filters, rainwater harvesting, and importing potable water with the active participation of the government,nongovernmental organizations, and communities.

关键词： Climate change Health risks Safe water scarcity Southwestern Bangladesh Waterborne diseases

Taking Children’s Voices in Disaster Risk Reduction a Step Forward

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第3期6卷 267-281页

作者： Chipo Mudavanhu Siambalala Benard Manyena Andrew e.collins Paradzayi Bongo emmanuel Mavhura Desmond Manatsa Department of Geography Faculty of ScienceBindura University of Science Education(BUSE) Humanitarian and Conflict Response Institute University of Manchester Disaster and Development Centre School of Applied SciencesNorthumbria University

Disaster risk reduction(DRR) continues to gain momentum globally and locally, but there is a notable void in the DRR literature on the role of children in communitylevel disaster risk management in Zimbabwe. Children are among the most vulnerable groups when disasters occur,yet their voices in disaster risk reduction are rarely *** a qualitative methodology, this article examines the extent to which children are involved in disaster risk reduction in Muzarabani District, Zimbabwe. Despite evidence of the potential positive impact that children can have on DRR, their involvement in risk reduction planning in Zimbabwe is negligible. To achieve greater resilience to disasters requires that children’s voices are heard and recognized as central to improved disaster risk reduction.

关键词： Children’s vulnerability Disaster risk reduction Flood hazard Zimbabwe

Influence of biological sex and exercise on murine cardiac metabolism

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第4期11卷 479-494页

作者： Kyle Fulghum Helen e.collins Steven P.Jones Bradford G.Hill Diabetes and Obesity Center Department of MedicineDivision of Environmental MedicineChristina Lee Brown Envirome InstituteUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA Department of Physiology University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40202USA

Although the structural and functional effects of exercise on the heart are well established,the metabolic changes that occur in the heart during and after exercise remain *** this study,we used metabolomics to assess time-dependent changes in the murine cardiac metabolome following 1 session of treadmill *** the exercise bout,we also recorded blood lactate,glucose,and ketone body levels and measured cardiac mitochondrial *** both male and female mice,moderate-and high-intensity exercise acutely increased blood lactate *** both sexes,low-and moderate-intensity exercise augmented circulating 3-hydroxybutryrate levels immediately after the exercise bout;however,only in female mice did high-intensity exercise increase 3-hydroxybutyrate levels,with significant increases occurring 1 h after the exercise *** metabolomics analyses of sedentary female and male hearts suggest considerable sex-dependent differences in basal cardiac metabolite levels,with female hearts characterized by higher levels of pantothenate,pyridoxamine,homoarginine,tryptophan,and several glycerophospholipid and sphingomyelin species and lower levels of numerous metabolites,including acetyl coenzyme A,glucuronate,gulonate,hydroxyproline,prolyl-hydroxyproline,carnosine,anserine,and carnitinylated and glycinated species,as compared with male *** after a bout of treadmill exercise,both male and female hearts had higher levels of corticosterone;however,female mice showed more extensive exercise-induced changes in the cardiac metabolome,characterized by significant,time-dependent changes in amino acids(e.g.,serine,alanine,tyrosine,tryptophan,branched-chain amino acids)and the ketone body *** from experiments using isolated cardiac mitochondria suggest that high-intensity treadmill exercise does not acutely affect respiration or mitochondrial coupling;however,female cardiac mitochondria demonstrate generally higher adenosi

关键词： Ketone bodies Metabolomics Mitochondria Physical activity Sex difference

evaluation of Dosimetric Impact of Uncertainty of Measurement in estimating external Radiotherapy Dose

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 1985-1995页

作者： collins Omondi Margaret Chege Samson Omondi Physics Department Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya College of Health Physics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Juja Kenya

Cancer is a major societal public health and economic problem, responsible for one in every six deaths. Radiotherapy is the main technique of treatment for more than half of cancer patients. To achieve a successful outcome, the radiation dose must be delivered accurately and precisely to the tumor, within ± 5% accuracy. Smaller uncertainties are required for better treatment outcome. The objective of the study is to investigate the uncertainty of measurement of external radiotherapy beam using a standard ionization chamber under reference conditions. Clinical farmers type ionization chamber measurement was compared against the National Reference standard, by exposing it in a beam 60Co gamma source. The measurement set up was carried out according to IAeA TRS 498 protocol and uncertainty of measurement evaluated according to GUM TeDDOC-1585. evaluation and analysis were done for the identified subjects of uncertainty contributors. The expanded uncertainty associated with 56 mGy/nC ND,W was found to be 0.9% corresponding to a confidence level of approximately 95% with a coverage factor of k = 2. The study established the impact of dosimetry uncertainty of measurement in estimating external radiotherapy dose. The investigation established that the largest contributor of uncertainty is the stability of the ionization chamber at 36%, followed by temperature at 22% and positioning of the chamber in the beam at 8%. The effect of pressure, electrometer, resolution, and reproducibility were found to be minimal to the overall uncertainty. The study indicate that there is no flawless measurement, as there are many prospective sources of variation. Measurement results have component of unreliability and should be regarded as best estimates of the true value. .

关键词： Absorbed Dose to Water Radiotherapy Uncertainty of Measurement Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratory Ionizing Chamber

Assessment of Occupational Radiation exposure for Radiotherapy Healthcare Workers at Kenyatta National Hospital Using Thermoluminescence Dosimeter LiF:Mg,Ti

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Journal of Geoscience and environment Protection 2024年第7期12卷 14-24页

作者： collins Omondi Margaret Chege Samson Omondi Department of Physics Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya College of Health Physics Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) is the largest public referral hospital with a comprehensive cancer treatment facility in east and Central Africa. Occupational radiation monitoring is a significant technique for demonstrating compliance of radiation regulatory limits. The objective of the study was to carry out assessment of occupational radiation exposure among radiotherapy personnel at KNH using thermoluminescence dosimeter, TLD. KNH staff were monitored using dosimeter type TLD-100 made of LiF:Mg,Ti, on monthly basis. The reader system used for analysis was Harshaw 8800. The measurement established the average monthly accumulated occupational personnel dose for KNH to be 0.21 mSv and 0.29 mSv for Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) respectively. The accumulated dose results were within the maximum acceptable dose of 1.67 mSv/month and 41.6 mSv/month for Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) respectively. The investigation results were higher than the acceptable public limit of 0.08 mSv/month. Moreover, incidences were noted where the fetus dose limit 0.42 was also exceeded. evaluation of statistical dose exposure among doctors, nurses and radiographers’ measurement results were within ±0.02 mSv. The study established the average KNH occupational radiation exposure levels for both Hp (10) and Hp (0.07) were within the ICRU recommendation, validating radiation protection safe practice. Data analysis of healthcare workers did not indicate exposure trend biased to any healthcare profession. Hence radiation risk cut across all professional categories. It is recommended that Radiation Monitoring program be reviewed to include non-clinical staff who access the facility. Radiation reporting should not be limited to one facility, but reflect cases where workers are involved in multiple multiple jobs.

关键词： Occupational Monitoring exposure Thermoluminescence Dosimeter and Radiotherapy