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Survival after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer:Multicenter comparison between minimally invasive and open approaches

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Asian Journal of Urology 2020年第3期7卷 291-300页

作者： Weibin Xie Junming Bi Qiang Wei Ping Han Dongkui Song Lei Shi Dingwei Ye Yijun Shen Xin Gou Weiyang He Shaogang Wang Zheng Liu Jinhai Fan Kaijie Wu Zhiwen Chen Xiaozhou Zhou chuize kong Yang Liu Chunxiao Liu Abai Xu Baiye Jin Guanghou Fu Wei Xue Haige Chen Tiejun Pan Zhong Tu Tianxin Lin Jian Huang Department of Urology Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Sun Yat-Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Urology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Urology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Department of Urology Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina Department of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical UniversityUrology Institute of People Liberation ArmyChongqingChina Department of Urology The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina Department of Urology Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Urology The First Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Urology Renji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Urology General Hospital of Central Theater Command of the People’s Liberation ArmyWuhanChina

Objective:To investigate oncological outcomes in patients with bladder cancer who underwent minimally invasive radical cystectomy(MIRC)or open radical cystectomy(ORC).Methods:We identified patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy(RC)in 13 centers of the Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).Perioperative outcomes were compared between MIRC and ORC.The influence of surgical approaches on overall survival(OS)and cancer-specific survival(CSS)in the entire study group and subgroups classified according to pathologic stage or lymph node(LN)status was assessed with the log-rank test.Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association among OS,CSS and risk factors of interest.Results:Of 2098 patients who underwent RC,1243 patients underwent MIRC(1087 laparoscopic RC and 156 robotic-assisted RC,respectively),while 855 patients underwent ORC.No significant differences were noted in positive surgical margin rate and 90-day postoperative mortality rate.MIRC was associated with less estimated blood loss,more LN yield,higher rate of neobladder diversion,longer operative time,and longer length of hospital stay.There was no significant difference in OS and CSS according to surgical approaches(pZ0.653,and 0.816,respectively).Subgroup analysis revealed that OS and CSS were not significantly different regardless of the status of extravesical involvement or LN involvement.Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that the surgical approach was not a significant predictor of OS and CSS.Conclusions:Our study showed that MIRC was comparable to conventional ORC in terms of OS and CSS.

关键词： Bladder cancer Radical cystectomy Minimally invasive surgery Robotic surgery Laparoscopy

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膀胱磁力珠异物的诊断与治疗:2例报道

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中国医科大学学报 2023年第10期52卷 954-957页

作者：石都孔垂泽中国医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科沈阳110001

本文回顾性分析我院2018年1月至2019年4月收治的2例膀胱磁力珠异物患者的临床资料,并结合相关文献进行归纳总结。2例患者均为男性,分别于入院前14 d和3 d经尿道放入磁力珠,行泌尿系平片检查诊断为膀胱异物,全身麻醉下行经尿道膀胱异物... 详细信息

本文回顾性分析我院2018年1月至2019年4月收治的2例膀胱磁力珠异物患者的临床资料,并结合相关文献进行归纳总结。2例患者均为男性,分别于入院前14 d和3 d经尿道放入磁力珠,行泌尿系平片检查诊断为膀胱异物,全身麻醉下行经尿道膀胱异物取出术,分别用碎石钳取出61颗和22颗磁力珠。术后分别随访40个月和30个月,均未出现尿道狭窄等并发症。膀胱磁力珠异物为临床少见膀胱异物,应用膀胱碎石钳的经尿道微创治疗为首选方案,可减少膀胱及尿道损伤,降低并发症的发生率,有助于快速康复。

关键词：膀胱异物磁力珠诊断治疗

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肾肿瘤行保留肾单位手术的相关问题

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中华外科杂志 2016年第10期54卷 738-740页

作者：孔垂泽都书琪中国医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科沈阳110001

近年来小肾癌在新发肾癌中所占的比例越来越高,使得保留肾单位手术成为早期肾癌手术治疗的主要方式.术前根据患者的影像学检查结果、全身评估、保留肾单位手术的适应证等选择适合的手术方式.常用手术入路有经腹腔入路、经腹膜后入路、... 详细信息

近年来小肾癌在新发肾癌中所占的比例越来越高,使得保留肾单位手术成为早期肾癌手术治疗的主要方式.术前根据患者的影像学检查结果、全身评估、保留肾单位手术的适应证等选择适合的手术方式.常用手术入路有经腹腔入路、经腹膜后入路、经腰腹联合入路.术中建议行冰冻病理,如病理回报切缘阳性,可再次切除一层肾组织创面或改行根治性肾切除术.同时术中需注意减少热缺血时间、保护肾脏功能,避免术后肾萎缩的可能.此外,术前对患者肾功能评估准确、准备充分,术中手术操作熟练、积极应对,均可降低保留肾单位手术术后并发症的发生率,提高患者生活质量.

关键词：肾肿瘤外科手术保留肾单位

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勿忘临床之源:从医35年临床科研工作的感悟

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中华泌尿外科杂志 2020年第4期41卷 241-242页

作者：孔垂泽中国医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科沈阳110001

临床科研是从临床实际出发,通过有组织的科学行为,解答临床工作中遇到的疑难问题,提高临床诊治水平。从医35年,做临床科研有些感悟,要做好临床科研工作,首先,要在临床实际工作中善于发现问题,重视临床资料的收集;第二,要勤于学习,善于思... 详细信息

临床科研是从临床实际出发,通过有组织的科学行为,解答临床工作中遇到的疑难问题,提高临床诊治水平。从医35年,做临床科研有些感悟,要做好临床科研工作,首先,要在临床实际工作中善于发现问题,重视临床资料的收集;第二,要勤于学习,善于思考,应对临床工作中遇到的问题结合学习反复思考,确定新的问题,再查找文献,以确定临床科研课题;第三,要主题鲜明,持续深入挖掘。当拥有了明确的研究方向后,建议开展由临床实践到临床基础的深入研究,逐步形成科研体系,提升自身业务能力和专业素质。临床研究可能是你成才的切入点和持久的推动力。

关键词：临床科研感悟

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肾嗜酸细胞瘤的临床病理特征和疗效分析

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中华泌尿外科杂志 2022年第2期43卷 86-90页

作者：石都王常明曾磊孔垂泽中国医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科沈阳110001

目的总结肾嗜酸细胞瘤的临床病理特征和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析中国医科大学附属第一医院2013年1月至2020年8月收治的35例肾嗜酸细胞瘤患者的病例资料。男15例,女20例。平均年龄(59.0±11.3)(35~79)岁。主要症状为腰痛5例,肉眼血尿3例... 详细信息

目的总结肾嗜酸细胞瘤的临床病理特征和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析中国医科大学附属第一医院2013年1月至2020年8月收治的35例肾嗜酸细胞瘤患者的病例资料。男15例,女20例。平均年龄(59.0±11.3)(35~79)岁。主要症状为腰痛5例,肉眼血尿3例,余27例为体检或因其他疾病检查时偶然发现。所有患者均为单侧肿瘤,左侧22例,右侧13例。肿瘤位于肾上极7例、中极14例、下极14例。33例行超声检查,表现为低回声18例,高回声10例,等回声3例,混合回声2例。30例行CT检查,平扫表现为肿瘤与正常肾实质比较呈等密度或稍低密度影,增强后肿瘤表现为边界清晰的低强化影,其中12例有典型的中央星芒状瘢痕征。所有患者均接受手术治疗,其中肾部分切除术12例,根治性肾切除术23例;后腹腔镜手术23例,开放手术12例。结果术后病理检查,肿瘤平均直径(4.0±2.3)(1.3~14.0)cm,切面为黄褐色14例,红褐色19例,黑色和咖啡色2例。镜下观察,肿瘤典型特征为瘤细胞呈巢状、腺泡状或管状排列,细胞呈圆形或多角形,大小基本一致,胞质含有丰富的嗜酸颗粒,核圆深染,核仁较小。免疫组化染色检查指标阳性率分别为EMA 100.0%(23/23)、E-cadherin 100.0%(20/20)、CK 96.2%(25/26)、CD11795.5%(21/22)、p504S(AMACR)35.0%(7/20)、CD1033.3%(9/27)、CK731.0%(9/29)、Vimentin 17.2%(5/29),Ki-67均为阴性(0/28)。本组35例中4例失访,余31例平均随访时间(46.9±25.0)(7~90)个月,所有患者预后良好,未见复发和转移。3例术后短期内曾出现轻度肾功能不全,均恢复正常。术前肉眼血尿3例,术后血尿症状消失;腰痛5例中,2例症状明显改善,3例仍有腰部间断性钝痛。结论肾嗜酸细胞瘤是较少见的肾良性肿瘤,术前与肾恶性肿瘤难以鉴别,病理检查是确诊和鉴别诊断的主要依据。本病的主要治疗方式为手术,预后良好。因肿瘤有复发和转移的可能性,术后需定期随访。

关键词：肾肿瘤嗜酸细胞瘤病理特征临床分析

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Application of fluorescence in situ hybridization in the detection of bladder transitional-cell carcinoma: A multi-center clinical study based on Chinese population

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Asian Journal of Urology 2019年第1期6卷 114-121页

作者： Liqun Zhou Kaiwei Yang Xuesong Li Yi Ding Dawei Mu Hanzhong Li Yong Yan Jinyi Li Dongwen Wang Wei Li Yulong Cong Jiangping Gao Kewei Ma Yajun Xiao Sheng Zhang Hongyi Jiang Weilie Hu Qiang Wei Xunbo Jin Zhichen Guan Qingyong Liu Danfeng Xu Xin Gao Yongguang Jiang Weimin Gan Guang Sun Qing Wang Yanhui Liu Jianquan Hou Liping Xie Xishuang Song Fengshuo Jin Jiafu Feng Ming Cai Zhaozhao Liang Jie Zhang Dingwei Ye Lin Qi Lulin Ma Jianzhong Shou Yuping Dai Jianyong Shao Ye Tian Shizhe Hong Tao Xu chuize kong Zefeng Kang Yuexin Liu Xun Qu Benkang Shi Shaobin Zheng Yi Lin Shujie Xia Dong Wei Jianbo Wu Weiling Fu Zhiping Wang Jianbo Liang Department of Urology Peking University First HospitalBeijingChina Institute of Urology Peking UniversityBeijingChina National Urological Cancer Center BeijingChina Air Force General Hospital PLABeijingChina Department of Urology Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijingChina Department of Urology Beijing Chao-Yang HospitalBeijingChina Department of Urology Armed-Police General HospitalBeijingChina Department of Urology Shanxi Medical University First HospitalTaiyuanChina Department of Urology Hebei Medical University Second HospitalShijiazhuangChina Department of Urology The General Hospital of the People’s Liberation ArmyBeijingChina Department of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina Department of Urology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Department of Pathology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina Department of Urology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina Department of Urology General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLAGuangzhouChina Department of Urology West China School of MedicineChengduChina Department of Urology Shangdong Province-owned HospitalJinanChina Department of Urology Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina Department of Urology The Central Hospital of Jinan CityJinanChina Department of Urology Shanghai Changzheng HospitalShanghaiChina Department of Urology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Department of Urology Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina Department of Urology The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina Department of Urology People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionWulumuqiChina Department of Urology Guangdong General HospitalGuangzhouChina Department of Urology The First Affil

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)in bladder cancer.Methods:We enrolled healthy volunteers and patients who were clinically suspected to have bladder cancer and conducted FISH tests and cytology examinations from August 2007 to December 2008.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was performed and the area under curve(AUC)values were calculated for both the FISH and urine cytology tests.Results:A cohort of 988 healthy volunteers was enrolled to establish a reference range for the normal population.A total of 4807 patients with hematuria were prospectively,randomly enrolled for the simultaneous analysis of urine cytology,FISH testing,and a final diagnosis as determined by the pathologic findings of a biopsy or a surgically-excised specimen.Overall,the sensitivity of FISH in detecting transitional-cell carcinoma was 82.7%,while that of cytology was 33.4%(p<0.001).The sensitivity values of FISH for non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder transitional-cell carcinoma were 81.7%and 89.6%,respectively(p=0.004).The sensitivity values of FISH for low and high grade bladder cancer were 82.6%and 90.1%,respectively(p=0.002).Conclusion:FISH is significantly more sensitive than voided urine cytology for detecting bladder cancer in patients evaluated for gross hematuria at all cancer grades and stages.Higher sensitivity using FISH was obtained in high grade and muscle invasive tumors.

关键词： Bladder transitionalcell carcinoma Fluorescence in situ hybridization Detection Grade Stage

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组蛋白去乙酰化酶9在肿瘤中的作用

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中国肿瘤临床 2018年第24期45卷 1282-1286页

作者：付洋孔垂泽中国医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科沈阳市110001

组蛋白去乙酰化酶9(histone deacetylase 9,HDAC9)属于组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylases,HDACs)Ⅱa亚型,在体内通过催化组蛋白3(H3)、组蛋白4(H4)和非组蛋白的去乙酰化,改变染色体的结构,调节基因的转录。研究表明HDAC9表达异常... 详细信息

组蛋白去乙酰化酶9(histone deacetylase 9,HDAC9)属于组蛋白去乙酰化酶(histone deacetylases,HDACs)Ⅱa亚型,在体内通过催化组蛋白3(H3)、组蛋白4(H4)和非组蛋白的去乙酰化,改变染色体的结构,调节基因的转录。研究表明HDAC9表达异常与肿瘤关系密切,但不同肿瘤中HDAC9的表达和功能不同,最终造成促癌或抑癌的相反结果,具体机制尚不明确。当前利用组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(histone deacetylases inhibitors,HDACIs)的表观遗传治疗已成为热点,研制特异性HDACIs并与化疗、放疗以及免疫治疗相结合已成为未来的方向,但靶向针对HDAC9的治疗研究非常有限。本文就HDAC9在肿瘤中的作用进行综述。

关键词：组蛋白去乙酰化酶9 组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂肿瘤

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启发式教学在泌尿外科临床教学中的应用

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中国高等医学教育 2023年第10期 71-73页

作者：刘娇孔垂泽荆宏伟中国医科大学附属第一医院辽宁沈阳110001

目的:探究分析启发式教学在泌尿外科临床教学中的应用效果。方法:2017年1月至2017年12月,共有80名实习医生在本院泌尿外科临床实习,按照计算机随机数字法将实习医生分为试验组(n=40)与对照组(n=40),分别给予启发式临床教学与传统临床教... 详细信息

目的:探究分析启发式教学在泌尿外科临床教学中的应用效果。方法:2017年1月至2017年12月,共有80名实习医生在本院泌尿外科临床实习,按照计算机随机数字法将实习医生分为试验组(n=40)与对照组(n=40),分别给予启发式临床教学与传统临床教学,比较两组教学效果。结果:试验组理论知识得分、病历书写得分、病案分析得分、病例诊疗得分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组教学满意度(课堂氛围、师生互动、学习兴趣、积极参与性、自主分析能力、独立思考能力、自主问题解决能力、临床操作技能提高、学习效率、团队合作能力、沟通交流能力、可在其他科室推广、对教学比较很满意)高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在泌尿外科临床教学中应用启发式教学,可有效提高教学效率、教学质量及实习医生的实习效果,帮助实习医生将理论知识转变为实际能力,充分锤炼实习医生的综合能力。

关键词：启发式教学临床教学理论知识病历书写病案分析病例诊疗教学满意度

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BLOOM立体教学与传统教学在泌尿外科教学中的效果对比

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中国高等医学教育 2023年第6期 48-50页

作者：刘娇孔垂泽荆宏伟中国医科大学附属第一医院辽宁沈阳110001

目的:对比分析BLOOM立体教学与传统教学在泌尿外科教学中的效果。方法:2017年1月至2017年12月共有100名见习医师在本院泌尿外科实习,将见习医师随机分为两组,对照组50名给予临床传统教学,试验组50名给予BLOOM立体教学,比较两组见习医师... 详细信息

目的:对比分析BLOOM立体教学与传统教学在泌尿外科教学中的效果。方法:2017年1月至2017年12月共有100名见习医师在本院泌尿外科实习,将见习医师随机分为两组,对照组50名给予临床传统教学,试验组50名给予BLOOM立体教学,比较两组见习医师的学习效果。结果:试验组50名见习医师的理论考试成绩、临床操作成绩、病例数据采集成绩、病案分析成绩均高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组50名见习医师对临床教学的满意度(拓宽知识面、知识量显著增加、临床操作能力提高、医患沟通能力提高、心理压力下降、学习积极性提高、问题分析解决能力提高、对教学方法满意)高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:泌尿外科教学采用BLOOM立体教学法,其效果优于传统教学法,可有效提高见习医师的理论知识能力与实际操作能力,提高见习医师的教学满意度,帮助见习医师尽快转变自身角色。

关键词： BLOOM立体教学泌尿外科教学教学满意度

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Current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China-Analyses of Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium database

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Asian Journal of Urology 2015年第2期2卷 63-69页

作者： Kaiwen Li Tianxin Lin 无 Wei Xue Xin Mu Enci Xu Xu Yang Fubao Chen Guangyong Li Lulin Ma Guoliang Wang Chaozhao Liang Haoqiang Shi Ming Li Mao Tang Xueyi Xue Yisong Lv Yaoliang Deng Chengyang Li Zhiwen Chen Xiaozhou Zhou Fengshuo Jin Xudong Liu Jinxin Wei Lei Shi Xin Gou Weiyang He Liqun Zhou Lin Cai Baiye Jin Guanghou Fu Xiangbo kong Hongyan Sun Ye Tian Lang Feng Tiejun Pan Yiyi Wu Dongwen Wang Hailong Hao Benkang Shi Yaofeng Zhu Qiang Wei Ping Han Changli Wu Dawei Tian Zhangqun Ye Zheng Liu Zhiping Wang Junqiang Tian Lin Qi Minfeng Chen Wei Li Jinchun Qi Gongxian Wang Longlong Fu Zhaolin Sun Guangheng Luo Zhoujun Shen Zhaowei Zhu Jinchun Xing Zhun Wu Dong Wei Xin Chen Yanqun Na Hongfeng Guo Chunxi Wang Zhihua Lu chuize kong Yang Liu Jin Yang Jianyun Hu Xin Gao Jielin Li Changjun Yin Pu Li Shan Chen Zhen Du Jiongming Li Yongji Yan Xu Zhang Shuang Huang Fangjian Zhou Zhiling Zhang Yinghao Sun Shuxiong Zeng Song Cen Jiaquan Zhou Hanzhong Li Jin Wen Jian Huang Department of Urology Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium Department of Urology Renji HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Urology Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouChina Department of Urology General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina Department of Urology Peking University Third HospitalBeijingChina Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina Department of Urology The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People’s HospitalUygurChina Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina Department of Urology Southwest HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina Department of Urology Daping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina Department of Urology Peking University First HospitalBeijingChina Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina Department of Urology China Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina Department of Urology Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Urology Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou MilitaryWuhanChina Department of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanChina Department of Urology Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanChina Department of Urology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina Department of Urology Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina

Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases from 44 CBCC centers were included.Data of diagnosis,treatment and pathology were collected.Results:The average age was 63.5 year-old and most patients were male(84.3%).The most common histologic types were urothelial carcinoma(91.4%),adenocarcinoma(1.8%),and squamous carcinoma(1.9%).According to 1973 and 2004 WHO grading system,42.0%,41.0%,and 17.0% of patients were grade 1,2,and 3,and 16.0%,48.7%,and 35.3% of patients were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,low,and high grade,respectively.Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)were 25.2% and 74.1%,respectively(0.8% not clear).Carcinoma in situ was only 2.4%.Most patients were diagnosed by white-light cystoscopy with biopsy(74.3%).Fluorescence and narrow band imaging cystoscopy had additional detection rate of 1.0% and 4.0%,respectively.Diagnostic transurethral resection(TUR)provided detection rate of 16.9%.Most NMIBCs were treated with TUR(89.2%).After initial TUR,2.6%accepted second TUR,and 45.7%,69.9%,and 58.7% accepted immediate,induced,and maintenance chemotherapy instillation,respectively.Most MIBCs were treated with radical cystectomy(RC,59.7%).Laparoscopic RCs were 35.1%,while open RC 63.4%.Extended and standard pelvic lymph node dissection were 7% and 66%,respectively.Three most common urinary diversions were orthotopic neobladder(44%),ileal conduit(31%),and ureterocutaneostomy(23%).Only 2.3% of patients accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and only 18%of T3 and T4 patients accepted adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion:Disease characteristics are similar to international reports,while differences of diagnosis and treatment exist.This study can provide evidences for revisions of the guideline on bladder cancer in China.

关键词： Bladder cancer Diagnosis Treatment

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