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Discovery of microchromosomes in wheat and their special behavior in meiosis

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chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第24期42卷 2084-2087页

作者： XU Qi, YU Ling, TIAN Zengrong, zhu Jianfeng, LI Bin and LI Zhensheng laboratory of plant Genetic Engineering and Breeding of Shaanxi Province, Northwestern institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, china 2. state key laboratory of plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, institute of Genetics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china laboratory of plant Genetic Engineering and Breeding of Shaanxi Province Northwestern Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China

TheRE are 42 chromosomes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L). The extra microchro-mosomes were discovered in alloplasmic lines of common wheat with cytoplasms of Ae. muti-ca, Secale cereale, Elytrigia elongatum and Agropyron glaucum. The microchromo-somes were discovered in amphiploid of Triticum aestivum-Secale cereale (DDRR) too.

关键词： wheat microchromosomes behavior in meiosis.

Utilization of blue-grained character in wheat breeding derived from Thinopyrum poticum

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Journal of Genetics and genomics 2009年第9期36卷 575-580页

作者： Qi Zheng, Bin Li, Hongwei Li, Zhensheng Li The state key laboratory of plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china The state key laboratory of plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The blue grain trait in common wheat （Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD）, which is caused by blue pigments in the aleurone layer, was originally derived from the tall wheatgrass （Thinopyrum ponticum Liu ＆ Wang = Agropyron elongatum, 2n = 10x = 70, StStStStEeEeEbEbEXEx） during chromosome engineering research. Over the last few decades, there have been continued interests in the genetic mechanism of this blue coloration and the practical utilization of the blue aleurone character as a phenotypic marker. This article reviews the research history and the recent progress of the studies on blue-grained wheat, with emphases on genetic and biochemical analysis and practical applications of blue-grained wheat.

关键词： Triticum aestivum Thinopyrum ponticum blue-grained character translocation

BUD2,encoding an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase,is required for Arabidopsis growth and development

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Cell Research 2006年第5期16卷 446-456页

作者： Chunmin Ge~(1,2,*) Xia Cui~(1,2,*) Yonghong Wang~1 Yuxin Hu~3 Zhiming Fu~1 Dongfen Zhang~(1,2) zhukuan Cheng~1 Jiayang Li~1 ~1state key laboratory of plant genomics and National Center for plant Gene Research,institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china ~2Graduate School,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china ~3institute of Botany,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100093,china state key laboratory of plant genomics and National Center for plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Polyamines are implicated in regulating various developmental processes in plants,but their exact roles and how theygovern these processes still remain *** report here an Arabidopsis bushy and dwarf mutant,bud2,which resultsfrom the complete deletion of one member of the small gene family that encodes S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases(SAMDCs) necessary for the formation of the indispensable intermediate in the polyamine biosynthetic ***2 plant has enlarged vascular systems in inflorescences,roots,and petioles,and an altered homeostasis *** double mutant of bud2 and samdcl,a knockdown mutant of another SAMDC member,is embryo lethal,demonstrat-ing that SAMDCs are essential for plant *** results suggest that polyamines are required for the normalgrowth and development of higher plants.

关键词： BUD2 polyamines embryogenesis plant architecture Arabidopsis

Identification of a protein associated with circulative transmission of Barley yellow dwarf virus from cereal aphids, Schizaphis graminum and Sitobion avenae

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chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第19期48卷 2083-2087页

作者： WANG Xifeng & ZHOU Guanghe state key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests, institute of plant Protection, chinese academy of Agricultural sciences, beijing 100094, china state key laboratory for Biology of plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences China

Using 2-D electrophoresis and virus overlay assay, a 50-kDa protein (P50) exhibiting specific binding to purified virus particles of BYDV-GAV was found in the protein extracts from Schizaphis graminum and Sitobion avenae, two aphid species transmitting BYDV-GAV. P50 in the extracts of S. graminum was isolated by preparation electrophoresis and electro-eluted proteins from the gel slices for antiserum preparation. After feeding the antiserum through membrane, the transmission efficiencies of S. graminum and S. avenae for BYDV-GAV decreased significantly. It was suggested that P50 should be related with transmission pro- cess. Location of P50 was found at the plasma membrane surrounding the accessory salivary gland (ASG) in the head tissues of S. graminum by immunogold-labelling experiment. The ascertainment of the protein associated with virus transmission has a significance influence on further understanding the transmission mechanism and genetic engineering for resistant to vector transmission.

关键词：蛋白质大麦黄矮病麦蚜虫病虫害

Terrestrial transect study on driving mechanism of vegetation changes

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第7期51卷 984-991页

作者： ZHANG YuJin1,2 & ZHOU GuangSheng1 1 state key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china state key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

In terms of chinese climate-vegetation model based on the classification of plant functional types, to- gether with climatic data from 1951 to 1980 and two future climatic scenarios (SRES-A2 and SRES-B2) in china from the highest and the lowest emission scenarios of greenhouse gases, the distribution patterns of vegetation types and their changes along the Northeast china Transect (NECT) and the North-South Transect of Eastern china (NSTEC) were simulated in order to understand the driving mechanisms of vegetation changes under climatic change. The results indicated that the vegetation distribution patterns would change significantly under future climate, and the major factors driving the vegetation changes were water and heat. However, the responses of various vegetation types to the changes in water and heat factors were obviously different. The vegetation changes were more sensi- tive to heat factors than to water factors. Thus, in the future climate warming will significantly affect vegetation distribution patterns.

关键词： driving mechanism vegetation terrestrial transect climatic change plant functional types

A 48-bp deletion upstream of LIGULELESS 1 alters rice panicle architecture

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 354-363页

作者： Linhua wu Min Hu Shuwei Lyu Wenfeng Chen Hang Yu Qing Liu Wei he Chen Li Zuofeng zhu Rice Research institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640GuangdongChina National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild plants(Rice) Department of Plant Genetics and BreedingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China state key laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006ZhejiangChina key laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern china(Co-construction by Ministry and Province) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsGuangzhou 510640GuangdongChina Guangdong key laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding Guangzhou 510640GuangdongChina Guangdong Rice Engineering laboratory Guangzhou 510640GuangdongChina

Panicle architecture is an agronomic determinant of crop yield and a target for cereal crop *** investigate its molecular mechanisms in rice,we performed map-based cloning and characterization of OPEN PANICLE 1(OP1),a gain-of-function allele of LIGULELESS 1(LG1),controlling the spread-panicle *** allele results from a 48-bp deletion in the LG1 upstream region and promotes pulvinus development at the base of the primary *** OP1 expression and altered panicle phenotype in chimeric transgenic plants and upstream-region knockout mutants indicated that the deletion regulates spread-panicle architecture in the mutant spread panicle 1(sp1).Knocking out BRASSINOSTEROID UPREGULATED1(BU1)gene in the background of OP1 complementary plants resulted in compact panicles,suggesting OP1 may regulate inflorescence architecture via the brassinosteroid signaling *** regard that manipulating the upstream regulatory region of OP1 or genes involved in BR signal pathway could be an efficient way to improve rice inflorescence architecture.

关键词： Upstream region Panicle architecture Gene expression BR Rice

New insights into the species problem

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Science china(Life sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 964-972页

作者： YANG Yong1 & ZHOU ZheKun2 1state key laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china 2key laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, Kunming 650204, china state key laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences key laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

Historical opinions of the "species problem" are briefly reviewed, and four salient stages are recognized according to origin of species concepts. We propose that species is the unit preserving superior gene assembly and is maintained by specific mechanisms. Based on characteristics of plant evolution, we assume that understanding plant species may include three stages, i.e. morphological recognition stage, multidisciplinary verification stage, and illuminating mechanisms preserving superior gene assembly.

关键词： species concept plant evolution phylogeny

Carbon Storage and Vertical Distribution in Three Shrubland Communities in Gurbantünggüt Desert,Uygur AutonomousRegion of Xinjiang,Northwest china

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chinese Geographical Science 2012年第5期22卷 541-549页

作者： GONG Yanming 1 ,HU Yukun 1 ,FANG Fei 1 ,LIU Yanyan 1 ,LI Kaihui 1 ,ZHANG Guangming 2 (1.key laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land,Xinjiang institute of Ecology and Geography,chinese academy of sciences,Urumqi 830011,china 2.state key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, institute of Botany,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100093,china) key laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China state key laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

This study was carried out in the Gurbantünggüt Desert,Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang,Northwest china in August,*** quantify the storage,contribution and vertical distribution patterns of plant biomass carbon (PBC)and soil organic carbon(SOC)in the study area,we investigated the carbon concentrations and its vertical distribution in three different desert shrubland communities dominated by Reaumuria soongorica,Haloxylon ammodendron+*** and Tamarix ramosissima+***,*** analyzed vertical distribution of root biomass carbon and soil carbon contents by excavating soil profiles for each dominated *** results show that SOC is considerably the larger carbon pool in the soil layers of 1.0-3.0 m(the mean value of three shrubland communities is 38.46%)and 3.0-5.0 m(the mean value is 40.24%).In contrast,70.74%of belowground biomass carbon storage in 0-1.0 m layer,and its content decrease with increasing soil *** Haloxylon ammodendron+R. soongorica shrubland community has the highest belowground biomass carbon among three selected communities. This study highlights the importance of SOC stored in deep soil layers(lower than 3.0 m from the surface)in arid shrubland communities in the global carbon *** addition,it provides the data support for revealing deep soil solid carbon potential,and offers scientific basis for the further research in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystem.

关键词： shrubland community plant biomass carbon soil organic carbon vertical distribution Gurbantünggüt desert

Characteristics of the Middle-Late Triassic sedimentary facies assemblages in the Songpan-Ruoergai area

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第3期17卷 305-313页

作者： YAN Zhen, YU Liangjun, LI Jiliang, BIAN Qiantao, WANG Zongqi and YANG Yongcheng ( institute of Geology, chinese academy of Geological sciences, beijing 100037, china state key laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china Shaanxi Insititute of Geology Survey, Xianyang 712000, china) institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China. state key laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China. Shaanxi Insititute of Geology Survey Xianyang 712000 China

The Middle-Late Triassic sedimentary rocks in the Songpan-Ruoergai area mainly consist of calcareous siltstone, muddy limestone, lithic arkose, feldspathic litharenite, mudstone, wormkalk, oolithic limestone, and conglomerate. Except for limestone bed increasing eastward longitudinally and vertically, the calcareous component of the sandstones increases obviously. Abundant benthic and plant fossils and their clasts occur within these rocks. The sedimentary structures predominately contain flaser, parallel, tabular, wavy, and herringbone cross beddings. These data coevally imply that the Middle-Late Triassic sediments deposited in the fluvial, lake and tide environments. Additionally, the rocks display graded, parallel, hummocky beddings, and sandy lamination, a feature characteristic of storm deposits.

关键词： Middle-Upper Triassic fluvial-lake environments tide environment tempestite Songpan-Ruoergai