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Geographic variation in the yield formation of single-season high-yielding hybrid rice in southern China

Journal of integrative Agriculture 2021年第2期20卷 438-449页

作者： WANG Dan-ying Li Xu-yi YE Chang XU chun-mei CHEN Song chu Guang ZhaNG Yun-bo ZhaNG Xiu-fu State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006P.R.China Crop Research institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu 610066P.R.China Hubei Collaborative innovation Center for Grain industry Yangtze UniversityJingzhou 434025P.R.China

Environmental conditions greatly affect the growth of rice. to investigate the geographic differences in yield formation of single-season high-yielding hybrid rice in southern China, experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in the upper and middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River with 10–30 main locally planted high-yielding hybrid cultivars used as materials. Compared with rice planted in the middle–lower reaches of the Yangtze River, rice planted in the upper reaches has a longer tillering duration, higher accumulated temperature(≥10℃) during tillering period, but lower accumulated temperature and solar radiation from initial booting to maturity. Yield traits comparison between the upper and the middle–lower reaches of Yangtze River showed that the former had 48.1% more panicles per unit area while the latter had 46.4% more grains per panicle;the rice yield in the former was positively correlated with the seed set.ing rate and the dry matter accumulation before heading, while the latter was positively correlated with grains per panicle and dry matter accumulation from booting to maturity. Comparison of the same variety tianyouhuazhan planted in different regions showed there was a significant positive correlation between panicle number and the duration of and accumulated temperature during the tillering period(r=0.982^(**), r=0.993^(**), respectively), and between grains per panicle and accumulated solar radiation during booting period(r=0.952~*). in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, more than 90% of cultivars with an yield of greater than 11 t ha^(–1) had an effective panicle number of 250–340 m^(–2), and there was a significant negative correlation between seed set.ing rate and grains per panicle;therefore, the high-yielding rice production in these regions with a long effective tillering period(>40 d) should choose varieties with moderate grains per panicle, adopt crop managements such as good fertilizer and water measures during vegetative growth pe

关键词： single-season hybrid rice geographic variation yield climatic factor southern China

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Effect of various crop rotations on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy–upland systems in southeastern China

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the Crop Journal 2018年第6期6卷 576-588页

作者： Song Chen Shaowen Liu Xi Zheng Min Yin Guang chu chunmei Xu Jinxiang Yan Liping Chen Danying Wang Xiufu Zhang China National Rice Research institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou 310006ZhejiangChina Faculty of Agriculture Life and Environmental SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029ZhejiangChina

to evaluate the effects of various rotation systems on rice grain yield and N use efficiency, a paddy–upland cropping experiment(2013–2016) was conducted in southeastern China. the experiment was designed using six different rice––winter crop rotations: rice–fallow(RF),rice–wheat(RW), rice–potato with rice straw mulch(RP), rice–green manure(Chinese milk vetch; RC–G), rice–oilseed rape(RO), and rice–green manure crop(oilseed rape with fresh straw incorporated into soil at flowering; RO–G) and three N rates, N0(0 kg N ha-1), N1(142.5 kg N ha-1), and N2(202.5 kg N ha-1). Average rice yields in the RF(5.93 t ha-1) rotation were significantly lower than those in the rotations with winter crops(7.20–7.48 t ha-1)under the N0 treatment, suggesting that.incorporation of straw might be more effective for increasing soil N than winter fallow. the rice yield differences among the rotations varied by year with the N input. in general, the grain yields in the RP and RO–G rotations –were respectively 11.6–28.5% and 14.80–37.19% higher than those in the RF in plots with N applied. increasing the N rate may have tended to minimize the average yield gap between the RF and the other rotations; the yield gaps were 18.55%, 4.14%, and 0.23% in N0, N1, and N2, respectively. However, the N recovery efficiency in the RF was significantly lower than that.in other rotations, except for 2015 under both N1 and N2 rates, a finding that.implies a large amount of chemical N loss. No significant differences in nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE) and physiological efficiency(NPE) were found between the rotations with legume(RC–G) and non–legume(RO and RW) winter crops, a result that may be due partly to straw incorporation. For t.is reason, we concluded that the return of straw could reduce differences in N use efficiency between rotations with and without legume crops. the degree of synchrony between the crop N demand and the N supply was evaluated by comparison of nitrogen balance degree(NBD) value

关键词： Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Paddy–upland rotation Nitrogen use efficiency Winter crops

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Soil CO_2 and N_2O Emissions in Maize Growing Season Under Different Fertilizer Regimes in an Upland Red Soil Region of South China

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Journal of integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 604-614页

作者： ZhaNG Xu-bo WU Lian-hai SUN Nan DiNG Xue-shan Li Jian-wei WANG Bo-ren Li Dong-chu Key Laboratory of Crop Nut.ition and Fertilization Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Sust.inable Soils and Grassland Systems Department Rothamsted Research Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma

Upland red soils have been identified as major CO2 and N2O sources induced by human activities such as fertilization. to monitor characteristics of soil surface CO2 and N2O fluxes in cropland ecosystems after continuous fertilizer applications over decades and to separate the respective cont.ibutions of root and heterotrophic respiration to the total soil CO2 and N2O fluxes, the measurements of soil surface CO2 and N2O fluxes throughout the maize growing season in 2009 were carried out based on a fertilization experiment （from 1990） through of the maize （Zea mays L.） growing season in red soil in southern China. Five fertilization treatments were chosen from the experiment for study： zero-fertilizer application （CK）, nitrogen-phosphorus- potassium （NPK） fertilizer application only, pig manure （M）, NPK plus pig manure （NPKM） and NPK with straw （NPKS）. Six chambers were installed in each plot. three of them are in the inter-row soil （NR） and the others are in the soil wit.in the row （R）. Each fertilizer treatment received the same amount of N （300 kg ha-1 yr-1）. Results showed that cumulative soil CO2 fluxes in NR or R were both following the order： NPKS〉M, NPKM〉NPK〉CK. the cont.ibutions of root respiration to soil CO2 fluxes was 40, 44, 50, 47 and 35% in CK, NPK, NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, with the mean value of 43%. Cumulative soil N2O fluxes in NR or R were both following the order： NPKS, NPKM〉M〉NPK〉CK, and soil N2O fluxes in R were 18, 20 and 30% higher than that.in NR in NPKM, M and NPKS treatments, respectively, but with no difference between NR and R in NPK treatment. Furthermore, combine with soil temperature at -5 cm depth and soil moisWxe （0-20 cm） together could explain 55-70% and 42-59% of soil CO2 and N2O emissions with root.interference and 62- 78% and 44-63% of that without root.interference, respectively. in addition, soil CO2 and N2O flUXeS per unit yield in NPKM （0.55 and 0.10 kg C t^-1） and M （0.65 and 0.13 g N t^-1） treatments were

关键词： greenhouse gas emissions carbon dioxide nitrous oxide manure mineral fertilizers straw return South China

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Effects of Organic Manure Application with Chemical Fertilizers on Nut.ient Absorption and Yield of Rice in Hunan of Southern China

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第10期7卷 1245-1252页

作者： XU Ming-gang Li Dong-chu Li Ju-mei QiN Dao-zhu Kazuyuki Yagi Yasukazu Hosen Key Laboratory of Plant Nut.ition and Nut.itional Cyclying Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China Crop Production and Environment Division Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences 1-1 Ohwashi Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8686 Japan

to evaluate the effect of organic manure application with chemical fertilizers on rice yield and soil fertility under long-term double-rice cropping system, a six year field experiment was conducted continually in the paddy soil derived from Quaternary red clay in Hunan Province of southern China. Four different treatments, i.e., no nitrogen with chemical P and K （PK）, swine manure only （M）, N, P and K chemical fertilizers only （NPK）, and half chemical fertilizers combined with half swine manure （NPKM） with four replications were included. Each N, P and K application rate was the same at all the treatments （except the N application rate at PK） and N application rate was 150 kg N ha^-1. All fertilizers were applied to soil tillage layer with once application as baseal fertilizers. the nut.ients uptake rate, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil organic matter content at each treatment were investigated. the NPKM treatment achieved the highest mean annual yield of 12.2 t ha^-1 （68% higher than that of PK）. Higher dry matter accumulation and nut.ients absorption were observed during the middle-late growth period in the NPKM treatment, with higher panicle number per unit and filled-grain number per panicle. its average nitrogen use efficiency was 36.3% and soil organic matter increased by 18.5% during the experimental period in the NPKM treatment, which were significantly higher than those in the NPK treatment. Organic manure application with chemical fertilizers increased the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice, reduced the risk of environmental pollution and improved soil fertility greatly. it could be a good practical technique that protects the environment and raises the rice yield in t.is region.

关键词： rice chemical fertilizer organic manure nut.ient absorption yield

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integrated management strategy for improving the grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency of winter wheat

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Journal of integrative Agriculture 2018年第2期17卷 315-327页

作者： XU hai-cheng DAi Xing-long chu Jin-peng WANG Yue-chao YiN Li-jun MA Xin DONG Shu-xin HE Ming-rong State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System Ministry of Agriculture/Agronomy College Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018，P．R．China Administrative Committee of Yellow River Delta Agri-High-tech industry Demonstration Zone Dongying 257347 P.R.China College of Plant Science and technology Huazhong Agricultual University Wuhan 430070 P.R. China

Understanding of how combinations of agronomic options can be used to improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency（NUE） of winter wheat.is limited. A three-year experiment.involving four integrated management strategies was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in t.i＇an, Shandong Province, China, to evaluate changes in grain yield and NUE. the integrated management treatments were as follows： current practice（t1）; improvement of current practice（t2）; high-yield management（t3）, which aimed to maximize grain yield regardless of the cost of resource inputs; and integrated soil and crop system management（t4） with a higher seeding rate, delayed sowing date, and optimized nut.ient management. Seeding rates increased by 75 seeds m^-2 with each treatment from t1（225 seeds m^-2） to t4（450 seeds m^-2）. the sowing dates were delayed from t1（5 th Oct.） to t2 and t3（8 th Oct.）, and to t4 treatment（12 th Oct.）. t1, t2, t3, and t4 received 315, 210, 315, and 240 kg N ha^-1, 120, 90, 210 and 120 kg P2O5 ha^-1, 30, 75, 90, and 45 kg K2O ha^-1, respectively. the ratio of basal application to topdressing for t1, t2, t3, and t4 was 6：4, 5：5, 4：6, and 4：6, respectively, with the N topdressing applied at regreening for t1 and at jointing stage for t2, t3, and t4. the P fertilizers in all treatments were applied as basal fertilizer. the K fertilizer for t1 and t2 was applied as basal fertilizer while the ratio of basal application to topdressing（at jointing stage） of K fertilizer for both t3 and t4 was 6：4. t1, t2, t3, and t4 were irrigated five, four, four and three times, respectively. treatment t3 produced the highest grain yield among all treatments over three years and the average yield was 9 277.96 kg ha^-1. Grain yield averaged across three years with the t4 treatment（8 892.93 kg ha^-1） was 95.85% of that with t3 and was 21.72 and 6.10% higher than that with t1（7 305.95 kg ha^-1） and t2（8 381.41 kg ha^-1）, respectively. treatment t2 produced the highest NUE of all the integrated trea

关键词： integrated management strategy grain yield winter wheat nitrogen use efficiency nitrogen uptake efficiency nitrogen utilization efficiency

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大面积烧伤患者发生早期急性肾损伤的危险因素分析

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中华损伤与修复杂志（电子版） 2024年第4期19卷 282-287页

作者：张锦丽席毛毛褚志刚栾夏刚陈诺王德运谢卫国武汉大学同仁医院暨武汉市第三医院烧伤科 430060

目的:探讨大面积烧伤患者发生早期急性肾损伤(AKi)的危险因素,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:选择2018年1月至2022年8月武汉大学同仁医院暨武汉市第三医院烧伤科收治的符合入选标准的201例成年大面积烧伤患者,其中男137例,女64例,年龄49(36,... 详细信息

目的:探讨大面积烧伤患者发生早期急性肾损伤(AKi)的危险因素,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:选择2018年1月至2022年8月武汉大学同仁医院暨武汉市第三医院烧伤科收治的符合入选标准的201例成年大面积烧伤患者,其中男137例,女64例,年龄49(36,56)岁,烧伤总面积为70%(59.5%,85%)体表总面积,简明烧伤严重度指数(ABSi)评分49(37.5,62.9)分。根据伤后3 d内是否发生AKi将患者分为AKi组和非AKi组。采用单因素分析筛选可能影响AKi发生的相关因素,包括性别、年龄、致伤原因、基础疾病、伤后至入院时间、基础伤情、治疗情况等指标。数据分析采用两独立样本t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验、χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。结合单因素分析结果及临床意义,将指标纳入自变量,进行多因素Logistic回归分析,筛选出大面积烧伤患者发生早期AKi的独立危险因素,建立预测模型并计算模型的ROC曲线下面积。结果:共71例(35.3%)患者在伤后3 d内发生AKi。与非AKi组相比,AKi组患者年龄更大(P=0.013),男性(P=0.002)、电烧伤(Pi评分更高(Pistic回归分析,结果显示性别、年龄、电烧伤、ABSi评分、气管切开、入院时血乳酸值是大面积烧伤患者发生早期AKi的独立危险因素。经多因素Logistic回归分析建立大面积烧伤患者发生早期AKi的预测模型,方程为Logit(P)=-7.021+1.339×男性+0.047×年龄+1.990×电烧伤+1.543×ABSi评分+1.475×气管切开+0.185×入院时血乳酸值,该模型的ROC曲线下面积为0.855(95%Ci:0.800~0.910,Pi评分偏高、气管切开、入院时血乳酸值偏高的大面积烧伤患者发生早期AKi的可能性更大。

关键词：烧伤急性肾损伤危险因素回顾性研究

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Ca^(2+)-supplying black phosphorus-based scaffolds fabricated with microfluidic technology for osteogenesis

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第11期6卷 4053-4064页

作者： Zhanrong Li Xingcai Zhang Jiang Ouyang Dandan chu Fengqi han Liuqi Shi Ruixing Liu Zhihua Guo Grace X.Gu Wei tao Lin Jin Jingguo Li Henan Provincial People’s Hospital Zhengzhou University People’s HospitalZhengzhou450003People’s Republic of China international Joint Research Laboratory for Biomedical Nanomaterials of Henan Zhoukou Normal UniversityZhoukou466001People’s Republic of China Center for Nanomedicine Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115United States School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138United States School of Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720-1740United States

Effective osteogenesis remains a challenge in the treatment of bone *** emergence of artificial bone scaffolds provides an attractive *** t.is work,a new biomineralization strategy is proposed to facilitate osteogenesis through sust.ining supply of nut.ients including phosphorus(P),calcium(Ca),and silicon(Si).We developed black phosphorus(BP)-based,three-dimensional nanocomposite fibrous scaffolds via microfluidic technology to provide a wealth of essential ions for bone defect *** fibrous scaffolds were fabricated from 3D poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA)nanofibers(3D NFs),BP nanosheets,and hydroxyapatite(ha)-porous SiO2 *** 3D BP@ha NFs possess three advantages:i)stably connected pores allow the easy entrance of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)into the interior of the 3D fibrous scaffolds for bone repair and osteogenesis;ii)plentiful nut.ients in the NFs strongly improve osteogenic differentiation in the bone repair area;iii)the photothermal effect of fibrous scaffolds promotes the release of elements necessary for bone formation,thus achieving accelerated *** in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the 3D BP@ha NFs,with the assistance of NiR laser,exhibited good performance in promoting bone ***,microfluidic technology makes it possible to obt.in high-quality 3D BP@ha NFs with low costs,rapid processing,high throughput and mass production,greatly improving the prospects for clinical *** is also the first BP-based bone scaffold platform that can self-supply Ca^(2+),which may be the blessedness for older patients with bone defects or patients with damaged bones as a result of calcium loss.

关键词： Black phosphorus Bone defect Osteogenesis Artificial bone scaffold Biomineralization

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Effects of Long-term Organic Amendments on Soil Organic Carbon in a Paddy Field: A Case Study on Red Soil

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Journal of integrative Agriculture 2014年第3期13卷 570-576页

作者： HUANG Qing-hai Li Da-ming LiU Kai-lou YU Xi-chu YE Hui-cai HU Hui-wen XU Xiao-lin WANG Sai-lian ZHOU Li-jun DUAN Ying-hua ZhaNG Wen-ju National Engineering and technology Research Center for Red Soil improvement Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil Key Laboratory of Crop Nut.ition and Fertilization Ministry of Agricultural/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Soil organic carbon （SOC） is one of the main carbon reservoirs in the terrest.ial ecosystem. it.is important to study SOC dynamics and effects of organic carbon amendments in paddy fields because of their vest expansion in south China. A study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the SOC content and organic carbon input under various organic amendments at a long-term fertilization experiment that was established on a red soil under a double rice cropping system in 1981. the treatments included non-fertilization （CK）, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization in early rice only （NPK）, green manure （Astragalus sinicus L.） in early rice only （OM1）, high rate of green manure in early rice only （OM2）, combined green manure in early rice and farmyard manure in late rice （OM3）, combined green manure in early rice, farmyard manure in late rice and rice straw mulching in winter （OM4）, combined green manure in early rice and rice straw mulching in winter （OMS）. Our data showed that the SOC content was the highest under OM3 and OM4, followed by OM1, OM2 and OM5, then NPK fertilization, and the lowest under non-fertilization. However, our analyses in SOC stock indicated a significant difference between OM3 （33.9 t ha^-1） and OM4 （31.8 t ha^-1）, but no difference between NPK fertilization （27 t ha^-1） and nonfertilization （28.1 t ha^-1）. there was a significant linear increase in SOC over time for all treatments, and the slop of linear equation was greater in organic manure treatments （0.276-0.344 g kg-1 yr^-1） than in chemical fertilizer （0.216 g kg^-1 yr^-1） and no fertilizer （0.127 g kg^-1 yr^-1）.

关键词： long-term field experiment organic amendments soil organic carbon paddy soil derived from red earth

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巨峰和无核早红葡萄在越南谅山试种观察

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南方农业学报 2014年第7期45卷 1225-1229页

作者：黄江流 PhaM t.i thang 罗瑞鸿 NGUYN t.i Hà 吕荣华 LUONG Dǎng Ning chu Vǎn DUòng NGUYN Manh tòng 彭宏祥 Ly Ming Nguyet LU'O'NG i thuy chu Xun tien Vi Vǎn Dúc NGUYN Duy Dng Ly Dúc Khiêm 熊俏广西农业科学院园艺研究所广西农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所广西农业科学院国际合作处南宁530007 越南谅山省科技厅越南谅山省科技厅科技进步应用中心

[目的]观察巨峰、无核早红葡萄在越南谅山省的引种表现,为其在越南推广种植提供参考依据.[方法]2009年春从中国南宁引入巨峰、无核早红两个鲜食葡萄品种在越南谅山省试种,调查其枝蔓生长量、物候期、果实性状、产量等相关指标.[结果]至... 详细信息

[目的]观察巨峰、无核早红葡萄在越南谅山省的引种表现,为其在越南推广种植提供参考依据.[方法]2009年春从中国南宁引入巨峰、无核早红两个鲜食葡萄品种在越南谅山省试种,调查其枝蔓生长量、物候期、果实性状、产量等相关指标.[结果]至第1年抚育冬季,巨峰葡萄枝蔓总长234.5 cm,上架茎粗0.84 cm;无核早红葡萄枝蔓总长294.1 cm,上架茎粗0.86 cm.在物候期方面,巨峰葡萄从萌芽至果实成熟需141～151 d,表现中熟;无核早红从萌芽至果实成熟需142～151 d,未表现其应有的早熟特性.在果实性状方面,巨峰葡萄2010～2012年3年平均单果重8.9 g,种子数1.04粒,可溶性固形物（tSS）含量17.5％;无核早红葡萄2010～2012年3年平均单果重6.8 g,tSS含量13.9％.在产量方面,巨峰葡萄2010～2012年产量分别为13.69、17.50和16.24 t/ha;无核早红葡萄2010～2012年产量分别为10.81、16.02和20.92t/ha.[结论]巨峰葡萄在越南谅山省种植表现丰产稳产优质,具有较好的适栽性,可大面积推广种植;无核早红葡萄表现丰产稳产,但表现低糖低酸,极易裂果,着色困难,不宜在越南大面积发展.

关键词：巨峰葡萄无核早红葡萄试种适栽性越南谅山省

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pUDKH基因治疗制剂临床前安全性初步分析

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军事医学科学院院刊 2006年第2期30卷 156-158,165页

作者：哈小琴吴祖泽袁丽珍李元敏毕建进张庆林兰州军区总医院医学实验中心兰州730050 军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所北京100850

目的:观察大鼠肌肉注射pUDKH后,出现毒性反应的时间、性质和程度,为临床毒副反应的监测和确定初始安全剂量提供依据。方法:实验设3个组,即正常对照组、pUDKH小剂量(0.63 mg/kg)和大剂量(2.50 mg/kg)组,给药途径为肌肉注射,且每只大鼠的... 详细信息

目的:观察大鼠肌肉注射pUDKH后,出现毒性反应的时间、性质和程度,为临床毒副反应的监测和确定初始安全剂量提供依据。方法:实验设3个组,即正常对照组、pUDKH小剂量(0.63 mg/kg)和大剂量(2.50 mg/kg)组,给药途径为肌肉注射,且每只大鼠的给药方式相同,每只大鼠共给药14次,停药后观察16周。试验期间观测一般药物反应,分析尿液生化和血清生化,测定大鼠血清中抗人肝细胞生长因子(HGF)的抗体,目的基因HGF在多种组织内的分布,病理组织学检查各脏器的组织结构。结果:试验中给药组动物未见药物毒性反应,尿生化指标基本无有意义的变化,各时间点血清生化也无明显有意义的改变。各时间点血清样品中未检测到抗HGF抗体。除了注射局部的肌肉组织检测到高表达的HGF外,其他组织未见到高表达的HGF。各脏器病理学检查均未见异常改变。结论:大鼠肌注pUDKH剂量为0.63 mg/kg和2.5 mg/kg两种,分别是大鼠起始有效剂量的3倍和12.5倍,各项观测指标未见明显有意义的改变,故在本试验条件下可视2.50 mg/kg以下为安全剂量,pUDKH基因治疗大鼠肢体缺血是安全、可行的。

关键词： pUDKH 基因治疗制剂基因剂量安全性评价

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