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Insight into endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1407-1408页

作者： naomi Hartopp Andrea Markovinovic christopher CJ Miller Patricia Gomez-Suaga Sheffield Institute for Translational neuroscience University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Department of Basic and Clinical neuroscience Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceLondonUK Universidad de Extremadura.Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia OcupacionalCáceresSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades neurodegenerativas-Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ(CIBER-CIBERnED-ISCⅢ) MadridSpain Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura(InUBE) CáceresSpain

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) is a fastprogressing fatal neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of motor neuron *** is currently no cure and approximately 90% of cases are *** shares genetic causes,clinical and neuropathological features with frontotemporal dementia,the second most common form of presenile *** and frontotemporal dementia are therefore considered a disease spectrum(Abramzon et al.,2020).

关键词： senile sclerosis

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Dynamics of self-hybridized exciton–polaritons in 2D halide perovskites

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第1期13卷 13-22页

作者： Surendra B.Anantharaman Jason Lynch christopher E.Stevens christopher Munley Chentao Li Jin Hou Hao Zhang Andrew Torma Thomas Darlington Francis Coen Kevin Li Arka Majumdar PJames Schuck Aditya Mohite Hayk Harutyunyan Joshua R.Hendrickson Deep Jariwala Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA KBR Inc. BeavercreekOH45431USA Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors DirectorateWright-Patterson Air Force BaseOH45433USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Department of Physics Emory UniversityAtlantaGA30322USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Materials Science and nanoengineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Applied Physics Program Smalley‐Curl InstituteRice UniversityHoustonTX77005USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Excitons,bound electron–hole pairs,in two-dimensional hybrid organic inorganic perovskites(2D HOIPs)are capable of forming hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons(E–Ps)when the excitonic medium is confined in an optical *** the case of 2D HOIPs,they can self-hybridize into E–Ps at specific thicknesses of the HOIP crystals that form a resonant optical cavity with the ***,the fundamental properties of these self-hybridized E–Ps in 2D HOIPs,including their role in ultrafast energy and/or charge transfer at interfaces,remain ***,we demonstrate that>0.5µm thick 2D HOIP crystals on Au substrates are capable of supporting multiple-orders of self-hybridized E–P *** E–Ps have high Q factors(>100)and modulate the optical dispersion for the crystal to enhance sub-gap absorption and *** varying excitation energy and ultrafast measurements,we also confirm energy transfer from higher energy E–Ps to lower energy E–***,we also demonstrate that E–Ps are capable of charge transport and transfer at *** findings provide new insights into charge and energy transfer in E–Ps opening new opportunities towards their manipulation for polaritonic devices.

关键词： charge polar excitation

Long-term effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on the pancreas of female mouse offspring

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 758-768页

作者： Enriqueta Muñoz-Islas Edgar David Santiago-SanMartin Eduardo Mendoza-Sánchez Héctor Fabián Torres-Rodríguez Laura Yanneth Ramírez-Quintanilla christopher Michael Peters Juan Miguel Jiménez-Andrade Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán Universidad Autónoma de TamaulipasReynosa 88740TamaulipasMexico Department of Anesthesiology Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston SalemNC 27101United States

BACKGROUnD Prolonged fetal exposure to hyperglycemia may increase the risk of developing abnormal glucose metabolism and type-2 diabetes during childhood,adolescence,and adulthood;however,the mechanisms by which gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)predisposes offspring to metabolic disorders remain *** To quantify the nerve axons,macrophages,and vasculature in the pancreas from adult offspring born from mouse dams with *** GDM was induced by *** of streptozotocin(STZ)in ICR mouse *** 12 wk old,fasting blood glucose levels were determined in *** 15 wk old,female offspring born from dams with and without GDM were sacrificed and pancreata were processed for *** quantified the density of sensory[calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)]and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)axons,blood vessels(endomucin),and macro-phages(CD68)in the splenic pancreas using confocal *** Offspring mice born from STZ-treated dams had similar body weight and blood glucose values compared to offspring born from vehicle-treated ***,the density of CGRP+and TH+axons,endomucin+blood vessels,and CD68+macrophages in the exocrine pancreas was significantly greater in offspring from mothers with GDM vs control ***,the microvasculature in the islets was significantly greater,but not the number of macrophages within the islets of offspring born from dams with GDM compared to control *** GDM induces neuronal,vascular,and inflammatory changes in the pancreas of adult progeny,which may partially explain the higher propensity for offspring of mothers with GDM to develop metabolic diseases.

关键词： Gestational diabetes mellitus Immunohistochemistry Confocal microscopy Pancreas Offspring

The flattening of spacetime hierarchy of the n,n-dimethyltryptamine brain state is characterized by harmonic decomposition of spacetime(HADES) framework

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national Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 46-55页

作者： Jakub Vohryzek Joana Cabral christopher Timmermann Selen Atasoy Leor Roseman David J.nutt Robin L.Carhart-Harris Gustavo Deco Morten L.Kringelbach Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing Linacre CollegeDepartment of Psychiatry University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Center for Music in the Brain Aarhus University Center for Brain and Cognition Computational Neuroscience GroupDepartment of Information and Communication TechnologiesUniversitat Pompeu Fabra Life and Health Sciences Research Institute School of MedicineUniversity of Minho ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory Centre for Psychedelic Research Department of Brain Sciences Imperial College London Departments of neurology and Psychiatry University of California San Francisco Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avan?ats (ICREA) Department of neuropsychology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences School of Psychological Sciences Monash University

The human brain is a complex system, whose activity exhibits flexible and continuous reorganization across space and time. The decomposition of whole-brain recordings into harmonic modes has revealed a repertoire of gradient-like activity patterns associated with distinct brain functions. However, the way these activity patterns are expressed over time with their changes in various brain states remains unclear. Here, we investigate healthy participants taking the serotonergic psychedelic n,n-dimethyltryptamine(DMT) with the Harmonic Decomposition of Spacetime(HADES) framework that can characterize how different harmonic modes defined in space are expressed over time. HADES demonstrates significant decreases in contributions across most low-frequency harmonic modes in the DMT-induced brain state. When normalizing the contributions by condition(DMT and non-DMT), we detect a decrease specifically in the second functional harmonic, which represents the uni-to transmodal functional hierarchy of the brain,supporting the leading hypothesis that functional hierarchy is changed in psychedelics. Moreover, HADES'dynamic spacetime measures of fractional occupancy, life time and latent space provide a precise description of the significant changes of the spacetime hierarchical organization of brain activity in the psychedelic state.

关键词： spatio-temporal brain dynamics DMT harmonic modes

Engineered wettability-gradient porous structure enabling efficient water manipulation in regenerative fuel cells

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 357-367页

作者： Zhefei Pan Lizhen Wu Fengjia Xie Zhewei Zhang Zhen Zhao Oladapo christopher Esan Xuming Zhang Rong Chen Liang An Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems(Chongqing University) Ministry of EducationChongqing 400030China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China Department of Mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative Regions of China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative Regions of China Department of Mechanical Aerospaceand Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong Special Administrative Regions of China

Regenerative fuel cells can operate alternately as an electrolyzer and as a fuel cell,frequently involving water as a reactant or *** the electrode surface to manipulate water can prevent electrode flooding and enhance the electrode's mass transfer efficiency by facilitating better contact with gaseous ***,conventional electrodes face difficulties in allowing water droplets to penetrate in a single direction leaving *** this work to address this issue,a wettability gradient electrode is designed and fabricated for efficient water manipulation in regenerative fuel *** findings demonstrate that the water removal strategy in the electrolyzer mode yields the highest ammonia yield and Faradaic efficiency of 3.39×10-10 mol s-1 cm-2 and 0.49%,***,in the fuel cell mode,the discharging process sustains for approximately 20.5 h,which is six times longer than the conventional *** ability to sustain the discharging process for extended periods is particularly advantageous in regenerative fuel cells,as it enables the cells to operate for longer periods without the need for regeneration.

关键词： Regenerative fuel cells Electrode flooding Water manipulation Wettability gradient Water fluxes

The replication crisis and its relevance to Earth Science studies:Case studies and recommendations

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 304-314页

作者： Stephen J.Puetz Kent C.Condie Kurt Sundell nick M.W.Roberts christopher J.Spencer Slah Boulila Qiuming Cheng 475 Atkinson Dr Suite 704HonoluluHI 96814USA new Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology SocorroNM 87801USA Idaho State University PocatelloID 83209USA Geochronology and Tracers Facility British Geological SurveyKeyworthNottingham NG125GGUK Queen’s University Department of Geological Sciences and Geological EngineeringKingstonOntario K7L 3N6Canada Sorbonne Université CNRSInstitut des Sciences de la Terre ParisParisFrance State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

numerous scientific fields are facing a replication crisis,where the results of a study often cannot be replicated when a new study uses independent *** issue has been particularly emphasized in psychology,health,and medicine,as incorrect results in these fields could have serious consequences,where lives might be at *** other fields have also highlighted significant replication problems,the Earth Sciences seem to be an *** paucity of Earth Science research aimed at understanding the replication crisis prompted this ***,this work aims to fill that gap by seeking to replicate geological results involving various types of *** identify and discuss 11 key variables for replicating U-Pb age distributions:independent data,global sampling,proxy data,data quality,disproportionate non-random sampling,stratigraphic bias,potential filtering bias,accuracy and precision,correlating time-series segments,testing assumptions and divergent analytical methods,and analytical *** while this work primarily focuses on U-Pb age distributions,most of these factors(or variations of them)also apply to other geoscience ***,some of the discussions involve time-series consisting ofεHf,δ18O-zircon,14C,10Be,marineδ13C,and marineδ*** then provide specific recommendations for minimizing adverse effects related to these factors,and in the process enhancing prospects for replicating geological results.

关键词： Replication crisis Replicability Independent data Global time-series Globality index Filtered data

Enantioselective Synthesis,(Chir)optical Properties,and Postsynthetic Functionalization of Furan-Containing Oxa[5]-,Oxa[6]-,and Dioxa[6]helicenes

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第10期6卷 2439-2451页

作者： Wei Fu Valentina Pelliccioli Raquel Casares-López Juan M.Cuerva Martin Simon christopher Golz Manuel Alcarazo Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universität Göttingen37077 Göttingen Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidad de GranadaUnidad de Excelencia Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y MedioambienteE-18071 Granada

An expedient synthesis of a series of configurationally stable oxa[5]helicenes,oxa[6]helicenes,and dioxa[6]helicenes has been developed using an intramolecular,highly enantioselective,Au-catalyzed,alkyne hydroarylation *** absolute configuration of the newly prepared structures has been established by crystallography,their inversion barriers have been determined theoretically and experimentally,and their chiroptical properties have been *** of these data with those reported for thia-or carbohelicenes sharing an otherwise identical helical framework enables the establishment of comprehensive correlations between the nature of the embedded(hetero)atom(s)and the magnitude of these *** studies on the postsynthetic functionalization of the oxahelicenes obtained are also ***,siteselective bromination at the 15-position in oxa[5]helicene 5d allows its subsequent manipulation into pyridine-containing aza-oxa[7]helicene 13d;while the two termini of oxa[6]helicene 7d have been intramolecularly cyclised into the pleiadeno[1,12,11-bcde]benzofuran derivative 15d by acidic *** transformations take place without erosion of the enantiopurity.

关键词： Au-catalysis enantioselective synthesis oxa[n]helicenes racemization dynamics postsynthetic functionalization

Subpopulations of regulatory T cells are associated with subclinical atherosclerotic plaques,levels of LDL,and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 288-296,I0002页

作者： Tim Böttrich Pascal Bauer Vincent Gröβer Magdalena Huber Hartmann Raifer Torsten Frech Svenja nolte Theresa Dombrowski Franz Cemic natascha Sommer Robert Ringseis Klaus Eder Karsten Krüger christopher Weyh Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy Institute of Sports ScienceJustus-Liebig-UniversityGiessen 35394Germany Department of Cardiology and Angiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessen 35392Germany Institute for Systems Immunology Center for Tumor und ImmunologyMarburg 35032Germany TH Mittelhessen Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Applied Sciences GiessenGiessen 35390Germany Department of Internal Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center(UGMLC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Giessen 35394Germany Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute(CPI) Justus-Liebig UniversityGiessen 35394Germany Institute of Animal nutrition and nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessen 35390Germany

Background:Atherosclerosis forms the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular *** pathological processes initially develop without clinically relevant symptoms,the identification of early markers in the subclinical stage plays an important role for initiating early *** is evidence that regulatory T cells(Tregs)are involved in the development of ***,the present study aimed to identify and investigate associations with Tregs and their subsets in a cohort of healthy elderly individuals with and without subclinical atherosclerotic plaques(SAP).In addition,various lifestyle and risk factors,such as cardiorespiratory fitness,were investigated as associated ***:A cross-sectional study was performed in 79 participants(male:n=50;age=63.6±3.7 years;body mass index=24.9±3.1 kg/m2;mean±SD)who had no previous diagnosis of chronic disease and were not taking *** of the carotids to identify SAP,cardiovascular function measurement for vascular assessment and a cardiorespiratory fitness test to determine peak oxygen uptake were ***,tests were conducted to assess blood lipids and determine glucose *** of Tregs and their subtypes(resting(rTregs)and effector/memory(mTregs))was performed by 8-chanel flow *** were categorized according to atherosclerotic plaque *** and logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between ***:SAP was detected in a total of 29 *** participants with plaque were older(64.8±3.6 years vs.62.9±3.5 years)and had higher peripheral systolic blood pressure(133.8±14.7 mmHg vs.125.8±10.9 mmHg).The participants with SAP were characterized by a lower percentage of rTregs(28.8%±10.7%vs.34.6%±10.7%)and a higher percentage of mTregs(40.3%±14.7%vs.30.0%±11.9%).Multiple logistic regression identified age(odds ratio(OR)=1.20(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.011.42))and

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Elderly Regulatory T cells Subclinical atherosclerosis

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Retinal artery/arteriole occlusion risks after endovascular treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysm

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Stroke & Vascular neurology 2024年第3期9卷 295-305,I0251-I0263页

作者： Hae Rang Kim Min Jeoung Kim Sunyeup Kim Myung Soo Chang Dong Joon Kim Byung Moon Kim Keun Young Park Yong Bae Kim christopher Seungkyu Lee Suk Ho Byeon Sung Soo Kim Seung Won Lee Yong Joon Kim Department of Ophthalmology CHA Bundang Medical CenterCHA University College of MedicineSeongnamKorea(the Republic of) Department of neurosurgery Severance Stroke CenterSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea(the Republic of) Department of neurosurgery Uijeongbu St.Mary’s HospitalThe Catholic University of Korea College of MedicineUijeongbuKorea(the Republic of) Department of Medical AI Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonKorea(the Republic of) Department of Ophthalmology Institute of Vision ResearchYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea(the Republic of) Department of Radiology Severance Stroke CenterSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea(the Republic of) Department of Precision Medicine Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwonKorea(the Republic of)

Background To evaluate the association between retinal artery/arteriole occlusion(RAO)and unruptured intracranial aneurysm(UIA).Methods Incident UIA patients from a nationwide cohort(n=253240)were categorised into three groups based on subsequent treatment:observation(n=208993),microsurgical clipping(n=14168)and endovascular treatment(EVT)groups(n=30079).The incidence and the incident time of RAO were *** of RAO and associated risk factors were ***,a hospital cohort comprising 2569 consecutive UIA patients treated at a tertiary hospital was analysed with detailed clinical information of *** In the nationwide cohort analysis,the incidence of RAO was significantly higher in EVT group than in observation and clipping groups,especially within 60 days(early RAO(within 60 days):HR=4.00,95%CI:2.44 to 6.56);delayed RAO(after 60 days:HR=1.74,95%CI:1.13 to 2.68).Multivariable analysis showed that the presence of chronic kidney disease(p=0.009)and use of a balloon microcatheter during the procedure(p=0.013)were associated with a higher risk of *** hospital cohort analysis,11(0.8%)cases of RAO occurred after EVT,whereas none occurred after microsurgical clipping(pnts with RAO were younger and received balloon microcatheters more frequently than their *** cases of RAO(90.9%)occurred in paraclinoid aneurysms,where EVT was preferred over microsurgical *** Performing EVT for UIA may increase the risk of subsequent *** should be taken when treating paraclinoid aneurysms with balloon microcatheters.

关键词： treatment nationwide balloon