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Liver retransplants using living donors:An approach for management

Liver Research 2023年第3期7卷 252-255页

作者： Hasan Al Harakeh christopher hughes Amit Tevar Vikram Gunabushanam Eishan Ashwat Hao Liu Abhinav Humar Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

Background and aims:Many centers do not offer living donor transplants for patients in need of a liver *** aimed to study our liver retransplant outcomes using living donors and compared them with those of retransplants performed using deceased ***:This study retrospectively analyzed all retransplants performed at our center between 2009 and 2023,and outcomes of living donor retransplants were compared with deceased donor retransplants using standard statistical ***:Between January 2009 and March 2023,a total of 77 retransplants,60 with deceased donors and 17 with living donors,were *** demographic differences between the two groups included a higher model for end-stage liver disease score in the deceased donor group(32.1±6.1 vs.19.4±5.7,P<0.001)and a higher number of early retransplants(within 3 months of the initial transplant),which accounted for 35% of deceased donor transplants but 0 of living donor transplants(P<0.01).Overall,the patient and graft survival rates were comparable between the two *** patient survival rates at 1 and 3 years after transplant were 73% and 67% in the deceased donor group and 84% and 73% in the living donor group,respectively(P=0.57).The hospital length of stay and blood product use were both better in the living donor *** complications did not show significant different between the two groups(P=0.33).Conclusions:Living donors can provide acceptable outcomes for those in need of a retransplant,with results comparable to those seen with deceased donors.A systematic approach to the patient in the pre-,peri-,and post-transplantation period is important in these complicated cases.

关键词： Liver retransplant Living donor liver transplant Deceased donor Outcomes Complications

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Primary liver transplantation vs liver resection followed by transplantation for transplantable hepatocellular carcinoma:Liver functional quality and tumor characteristics matter

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2013年第1期5卷 5-8页

作者： Mehmet Fatih Can christopher B hughes Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery Department of SurgeryGulhane School of MedicineEtlik 06018Ankara AnkaraTurkey Thomas Starzl Transplantation Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA 15213United States

Liver resection(LR) and primary liver transplantation(LT) are two potentially curative treatment modalities for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).If an underlying chronic liver disease exists,however,making a decision on which method should be selected is *** a patient has no chronic liver disease,LR may be the preferable option with salvage transplantation(ST) in mind in case of *** of a moderate-to-severe liver failure accompanying HCC usually warrants primary *** treatment of patients with HCC and early-stage chronic liver disease remains *** advantages of "LR-followed-by-STif-needed" strategy include less complicated index operation,no need for immunosuppression,use of donor livers for other patients in today's organ shortage setting and comparable survival ***,primary LT has its own advantages as it also treats underlying chronic liver disease with carcinogenic potential,removes undetected tumor nodules and potentially eliminates need for a *** article recently published by Fuks et al in Hepatology offers an approach by which selecting between LR-followed-by-ST and immediate LT might be *** we discuss the results of the aforementioned report in the light of currently available knowledge.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Chronic liver disease Liver transplantation Liver resection Salvage transplantation Survival

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Investigation of Wear Behavior of Laser Cladded Low Carbon Steel Using Inconel 625 Nanopowder

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材料科学与工程（中英文版） 2011年第3期5卷 323-331页

作者： M. Ramulu Matthew M. Beck christopher T. hughes Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA

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车辆电子学与战场数字化

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国外坦克 1999年第9期 3-8页

作者： christopher P. hughes 怀文明张国斌

战场数字化是一种在实时或近实时的条件下产生、处理、传送、显示和使用战场上的数据以提高作战效能的手段。至少在理论上,数字化有望成为一种强大的力量倍增器,是一种不需要在新型平台的研制和采购方面投入过多的资金就可以获得并且可... 详细信息

战场数字化是一种在实时或近实时的条件下产生、处理、传送、显示和使用战场上的数据以提高作战效能的手段。至少在理论上,数字化有望成为一种强大的力量倍增器,是一种不需要在新型平台的研制和采购方面投入过多的资金就可以获得并且可以加以利用的优势。数字化能否兑现它带给所有人们的希望,仍然是一个有待于讨论的问题。

关键词：车辆电子学战场数字化作战效能美国陆军特遣队近实时倍增器 21世纪体系结构军用车辆

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Real-time temperature prediction of electric machines using machine learning with physically informed features

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Energy and AI 2023年第4期14卷 415-425页

作者： Ryan hughes Thomas Haidinger Xiaoze Pei christopher Vagg University of Bath UK AVL List GmbH Austria

Accurate estimation of the internal temperatures of electric machines is critical to increasing their power density and reliability since key temperatures,such as magnet temperature,are often difficult to *** work presents a new machine learning based modelling approach,incorporating novel physically informed feature engineering,which achieves best-in-class accuracy and reduced training *** different features introduced are proportional to sources of machine losses and require no prior knowledge of the machine,hence the models are completely data *** using a standard experimental dataset shows that modelling errors can be reduced by up to 82.5%,resulting in the lowest mean squared error recorded in the literature of 2.40 K^(2).Additionally,models can be trained with less training data and have lower sensitivity to data ***-ically,it was possible to train a loss enhanced multilayer perceptron model to a mean squared error<5 K^(2) with 90 h of training data,and an enhanced ordinary least squares model with just 60 h to the same *** inference time of the model can be 1–2 orders of magnitude faster than competing models and requires no time to optimise hyperparameters,compared to weeks or months for other state-of-the-art prediction *** results are highly important for enabling low-cost real-time temperature monitoring of electric machines to improve operational efficiency,safety,reliability,and power density.

关键词： Thermal model Real-time Electric machine Machine learning Losses

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Promising applications of D-amino acids in periprosthetic joint infection

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Bone Research 2023年第2期11卷 248-272页

作者： Matthew Caldwell Megan hughes Fei Wei christopher Ngo Raven Pascua Abinaya Sindu Pugazhendhi Melanie J.Coathup Biionix Cluster&College of Medicine University of Central FloridaBlvdOrlandoFL32827USA School of Biosciences Cardiff UniversityCF103AT WalesUK Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of MedicineUniversity of Central Florida6900 Lake NonaBlvdOrlandoFL32827USA

Due to the rise in our aging population,a disproportionate demand for total joint arthroplasty(TJA)in the elderly is *** joint infection(PJI)represents one of the most challenging complications that can occur following TJA,and as the number of primary and revision TJAs continues to rise,an increasing PJI burden is *** advances in operating room sterility,antiseptic protocols,and surgical techniques,approaches to prevent and treat PJI remain difficult,primarily due to the formation of microbial *** difficulty motivates researchers to continue searching for an effective antimicrobial *** dextrorotatory-isoforms of amino acids(D-AAs)are essential components of peptidoglycan within the bacterial cell wall,providing strength and structural integrity in a diverse range of *** many tasks,D-AAs regulate cell morphology,spore germination,and bacterial survival,evasion,subversion,and adhesion in the host immune *** administered exogenously,accumulating data have demonstrated that D-AAs play a pivotal role against bacterial adhesion to abiotic surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation;furthermore,D-AAs have substantial efficacy in promoting biofilm *** presents D-AAs as promising and novel targets for future therapeutic *** their emerging antibacterial efficacy,their role in disrupting PJI biofilm formation,the disassembly of established TJA biofilm,and the host bone tissue response remains largely *** review aims to examine the role of D-AAs in the context of *** to date suggest that D-AA bioengineering may serve as a promising future strategy in the prevention and treatment of PJI.

关键词： prevention spite furthermore

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A machine learning approach for regional geochemical data:Platinum-group element geochemistry vs geodynamic settings of the North Atlantic Igneous Province

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 42-59页

作者： Jordan J.Lindsay Hannah S.R.hughes christopher M.Yeomans Jens C.Ø.Andersen Iain McDonald Camborne School of Mines University of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynCornwall TR109FEUnited Kingdom School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Main CollegeCardiff UniversityPark PlaceCardiff CF103ATUnited Kingdom

Whilst traditional approaches to geochemistry provide valuable insights into magmatic processes such as melting and element fractionation,by considering entire regional data sets on an objective basis using machine learning algorithms(MLAs),we can highlight new facets within the broader data structure and significantly enhance previous geochemical *** platinum-group element(PGE)budget of lavas in the North Atlantic Igneous Province(NAIP)has been shown to vary systematically according to age,geographic location and geodynamic *** the large multi-element geochemical data set available for the region,MLAs were employed to explore the magmatic controls on these shifting *** key advantage of using machine learning in analysis is its ability to cluster samples across multi-dimensional(i.e.,multi-element)*** NAIP data set is manipulated using Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding(t-SNE)techniques to increase separability in the data alongside clustering using the k-means *** new multi-element classification is compared to the original geographic classification to assess the performance of both *** workflow provides a means for creating an objective high-dimensional investigation on a geochemical data set and particularly enhances the identification of metallogenic anomalies across the *** techniques used highlight three distinct multi-element end-members which successfully capture the variability of the majority of elements included as input *** end-members are seen to fluctuate in prominence throughout the NAIP,which we propose reflects the changing geodynamic environment and melting ***,the variability of Pt and Pd are not reflected in MLA-based clustering trends,suggesting that they vary independently through controls not readily demonstrated by the NAIP major or trace element data structure(i.e.,other proxies for magmatic differe

关键词： Platinum-group elements Machine learning Plume Geochemistry Metallogenesis Mantle

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A modular microfluidic system based on a multilayered configuration to generate large-scale perfusable microvascular networks

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第1期7卷 63-75页

作者： Tao Yue Da Zhao Duc T.T.Phan Xiaolin Wang Joshua Jonghyun Park Zayn Biviji christopher C.W.hughes Abraham P.Lee Department of Biomedical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Micro/Nano Electronics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for Micro/Nano Fabrication Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Micro Fabrication of the Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA. Department of Applied Mathematics-Biology Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA

The vascular network of the circulatory system plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the human *** this paper,a novel modular microfluidic system with a vertical two-layered configuration is developed to generate largescale perfused microvascular networks in *** two-layer polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)configuration allows the tissue chambers and medium channels not only to be designed and fabricated independently but also to be aligned and bonded *** method can produce a modular microfluidic system that has high flexibility and scalability to design an integrated platform with multiple perfused vascularized tissues with high *** medium channel was designed with a rhombic shape and fabricated to be semiclosed to form a capillary burst valve in the vertical direction,serving as the interface between the medium channels and tissue *** and anastomosis at the vertical interface were successfully achieved by using different combinations of tissue chambers and medium *** large-scale microvascular networks were generated and quantified in terms of vessel length and *** leakage of the perfused 70-kDa FITC-dextran confirmed the lumenization of the microvascular networks and the formation of tight vertical interconnections between the microvascular networks and medium channels in different structural *** platform enables the culturing of interconnected,large-scale perfused vascularized tissue networks with high density and scalability for a wide range of multiorgan-on-a-chip applications,including basic biological studies and drug screening.

关键词： interconnection networks configuration

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Feasibility of pancreatectomy following high-dose proton therapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第4期9卷 103-108页

作者： Kathryn E Hitchcock R Charles Nichols christopher G Morris Debashish Bose Steven J hughes John A Stauffer Scott A Celinski Elizabeth A Johnson Robert A Zaiden Nancy P Mendenhall Michael S Rutenberg Department of Radiation Oncology University of Florida Department of Surgical Oncology UF Health Cancer Center-Orlando Health Department of Surgery University of Florida Department of Surgery Mayo Clinic Department of Surgery Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas Department of Hematology/Oncology Mayo Clinic Department of Hematology/Oncology Baptist Health

AIM To review surgical outcomes for patients undergoing pancreatectomy after proton therapy with concomitant capecitabine for initially unresectable pancreatic *** From April 2010 to September 2013,15 patients with initially unresectable pancreatic cancer were treated withproton therapy with concomitant capecitabine at 1000 mg orally twice daily. All patients received 59.40 Gy(RBE) to the gross disease and 1 patient received 50.40 Gy(RBE) to high-risk nodal targets. There were no treatment interruptions and no chemotherapy dose reductions. Six patients achieved a radiographic response sufficient to justify surgical exploration,of whom 1 was identified as having intraperitoneal dissemination at the time of surgery and the planned pancreatectomy was aborted. Five patients underwent resection. Procedures included:Laparoscopic standard pancreaticoduodenectomy(n = 3),open pyloris-sparing pancreaticoduodenectomy(n = 1),and open distal pancreatectomy with irreversible electroporation(IRE) of a pancreatic head mass(n = 1). RESULTS The median patient age was 60 years(range,51-67). The median duration of surgery was 419 min(range,290-484),with a median estimated blood loss of 850 cm^3(range,300-2000),median ICU stay of 1 d(range,0-2),and median hospital stay of 10 d(range,5-14). Three patients were re-admitted to a hospital within 30 d after discharge for wound infection(n = 1),delayed gastric emptying(n = 1),and ischemic gastritis(n = 1). Two patients underwent R0 resections and demonstrated minimal residual disease in the final pathology specimen. One patient,after negative pancreatic head biopsies,underwent IRE followed by distal pancreatectomy with no tumor seen in the specimen. Two patients underwent R2 resections. Only 1 patient demonstrated ultimate local progression at the primary site. Median survival for the 5 resected patients was 24 mo(range,10-30).CONCLUSION Pancreatic resection for patients with initially unresectable cancers is feasible after

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Pancreatectomy Pancreas Proton therapy Radiotherapy

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Rapid, Semi-Automated Fractionation of Freshwater Dissolved Organic Carbon Using DAX 8 (XAD 8) and XAD 4 Resins in Tandem

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Natural Science 2016年第11期8卷 487-498页

作者： David D. hughes Peter J. Holliman Timothy Jones Alexander J. Butler christopher Freeman Wolfson Carbon Capture Laboratory Bangor University Wales UK

Natural dissolved organic carbon (DOC) consists of different bio-molecular classes of compounds that are currently very difficult and time-consuming to isolate as individual compounds. However, it is possible to separate natural DOC into hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions. Such characterisation approaches are becoming increasingly important because, over the past 20 years natural DOC concentrations have been rising rapidly in many parts of the world, most likely influenced by climate change. Higher DOC concentrations in drinking water catchments present a serious problem for the water industry because DOC can form disinfection by-products DBPs during water treatment (e.g. chlorination). Hence, there is an urgent need to better characterise natural DOC before, during and after water treatment. However, current DOC fractionation procedures are extremely laborious requiring days and continual manual monitoring to separate sufficient quantities of DOC for subsequent analysis. This seriously limits sample throughput and the parameter space which can be studied. In this paper, we propose a much more rapid semi-automated method (12.5 hours/litre/sample) which utilises readily available equipment, i.e., HPLC pump or similar and sequential columns of Amberlite DAX 8 and XAD 4 resins. The method reduces the manual input from continual attention to minutes. This paper describes the development of the method and its application in the fractionation of natural DOC from reservoir and lake samples fed from upland peat-land catchments. Recoveries are found to be comparable to those using the manual technique, with the dominant component being hydrophobic acid accounting for 35% - 40% of the natural DOC with the second largest, being hydrophilic acid at 20% - 27%.

关键词： Dissolved Organic Carbon Hydrophilic Compounds Hydrophobic Compounds Fulvic Acids Humic Acids Resins

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