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Bidirectional relationships of physical activity and gross motor skills before and after summer break:Application of a cross-lagged panel model

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第2期11卷 244-251页

作者： Ryan d.Burns Yang Bai Wonwoo Byun Taylor E.Colotti christopher d.Pfledderer Sunku Kwon Timothy A.Brusseau department of Health Kinesiologyand RecreationUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA

Background:Gross motor skills are postulated to have a bidirectional relationship with physical activity(PA);however,no study has tested this relationship before and after a summer *** purpose of this study was to examine the bidirectional relationships between school PA and gross motor skills in children before and after a summer ***:Participants were a sample of 440 children recruited from 3 low-income schools(age=8.9±1.2 years,mean±Sd).PA was assessed as average school-day step counts using Yamax digiWalker pedometers(Yamasa Tokei Keiki,Tokyo,Japan)worn for 5 consecutive school *** motor skills were assessed using the Test for Gross Motor development,3 rd *** were collected at 2 timepoints:at the end of spring semester(T1)and at the beginning of the subsequent fall semester(T2).An age-and body mass index-adjusted cross-lagged model was employed to relate T1 school step counts with T2 gross motor skills and T1 gross motor skills with T2 school step ***:T1 gross motor skills significantly predicted T2 school step counts(β=0.24,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.08-0.40,p=0.003);however,Tl school step counts did not predict T2 gross motor skills(β=0.04,95%CI:-0.06 to 0.14,p=0.445).The model explained 35.4%and 15.9%of the variances of T2 gross motor skills and T2 school step counts,*** analyses indicated that these relationships were driven primarily by ball ***:The relationship between gross motor skills and school PA was not bidirectional;however,higher gross motor skills,specifically ball skills,predicted higher school PA after a 3-month summer break.

关键词： Children Motor competence Physical activity Schools

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Convergent evolution of brain morphology and communication modalities in lizards

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Current Zoology 2015年第2期61卷 281-291页

作者： christopher d. ROBIN.SON Michael S. PATTON Britmey M. ANdRE Michele A. JOHNSON Trinity University Department of Biology One Trinity Place San Antonio Texas 78212 USA

Animals communicate information within their environments via visual, chemical, auditory, and/or tactile modalities. The use of each modalityis generally linked to particular brain regions, but it is not yet known whether the cellular morphology of neurons in these regions has evolved in association with the relative use of a *** investigated relationships between the behavioral use of communication modalities and neural morphologies in six lizard species. Two of these species （Anolis carol# nensis and Leiocephalus carinatus） primarily use visual signals to communicate with conspecifics and detect potential prey, and two （Aspidoscelis gularis and Scincella lateralis） communicate and forage primarily using chemical signals. Two other species （Hemidactylus turcicus and Sceloporus olivaceus） use both visual and chemical signals. For each species, we performed beha- vioral observations and quantified rates of visual and chemical behaviors. We then cryosectioned brain tissues from 9-10 males of each species and measured the soma size and density of neurons in two brain regions associated with visual behaviors （the lat- eral geniculate nucleus and the nucleus rotundus） and one region associated with chemical behaviors （the nucleus sphericus）. With analyses conducted in a phylogenetic context, we found that species that performed higher rates of visual displays had a denser lateral geniculate nucleus, and species that used a higher proportion of chemical displays had larger somas in the nucleus sphericus. These relationships suggest that neural morphologies in the brain have evolved convergently in species with similar communication behaviors .

关键词： Brain Communication modality Lizards Pheromones Social behavior Vision

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disturbance cues in freshwater prey fishes： does urea function as an ＇early warning cue＇ in juvenile convict cichlids and rainbow trout？

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 250-259页

作者： Grant E. BROWN christopher d. JACKSON Patrick H. MALKA Elisa JACQUES Marc-Andre COUTURIer department of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke St. West Montreal Quebec H4B 1R6 CANADA

Freshwater vertebrate and invertebrate prey species commonly rely on chemosensory information, including non-injury released disturbance cues, to assess local predation threats. We conducted laboratory studies to （1） determine if urea can function as a disturbance cue in juvenile convict cichlids and rainbow trout and （2） determine if the background level of urea influences the behavioral response to a subsequent pulse of urea （＇background noise＇ hypothesis）. In the first series of trials, juve- nile cichlids and trout were exposed to urea at varying concentrations （0 to 0.5 mg L-1 for cichlids and 0 to 1.0 mg L1 for trout）. Our results suggest that both cichilds and trout exhibited functionally similar responses to urea and conspecific disturbance cues and that increasing the concentration of urea results in an increase intensity of antipredator behaviour. In the second series of trials, we pre-exposed cichlids or trout to intermediate or high concentrations of urea （or a distilled water control） and then tested for the response to a second pulse of urea at at intermediate or high concentrations （versus a distilled water control）. Our results demon- strate that pre-exposure to urea reduces or eliminates the response to a second pulse of urea, supporting the background noise hy- pothesis. Together, our results suggest that pulses of urea, released by disturbed or stressed individuals, may function as an early warning signal in freshwater prey species

关键词： disturbance cue Metabolic wastes Chemosensory risk assessment Predator-prey interactions Convict cichlids Rainbow trout

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Orgasm-associated urinary in continence(climacturia)following radical prostatectomy:a review of pathophysiology and current treatment options

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 549-554页

作者： christopher Kannady Jonathan Clavell-Hernandez division of Urology McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTX 77030USA St.Joseph Medical Center HoustonTX 77002USA

Orgasm-associated urinary incontinence,or climacturia,is a common side effect after radical prostatectomy(RP)that is gaining more attention due to the distress it causes to patients.A range of treatment options have been reported in the literature and are outlined in this *** goal of our study is to review the pathophysiology and current management options for climacturia following RP.A PubMed search was used to review the current literature relating to the pathophysiology and the treatment of postprostatectomy *** reviewed the currently available treatment options and their success rates for *** techniques were found to subjectively help improve the amount and bother of patients'*** include pelvic floor muscle training(PFMT),penile variable tension loop,soft silicone occlusion loop,artificial urethral sphincter,male urethral sling,and the Mini-Jupette *** rates ranged from 48%to 100%depending on the modality *** patients with erectile dysfunction and climacturia,the Mini-Jupette graft could be a valuable *** the lack of validated measurement tools and management options,climacturia has become a challenge for *** a condition that has not garnered much attention,there are several management options from conservative to invasive treatments that have shown a hopeful promise for the treatment of *** options should be discussed with patients to determine the best treatment for each *** clinical trials are n eeded to assess the efficacy and impact of the d iff ere nt treatme nt options before a defi nitive recommendation regarding management can be made.

关键词： climacturia male urethral sling Mini-Jupette graft orgasm-associated urinary inc on tinence prostate can cer radical prostatectomy

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Restricted nutrient intake does not alter serum-mediated measures of implant response in cell culture

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 80-87页

作者： christopher d Reinhardt Tiffany L Lee daniel U Thomson Laman K Mamedova Barry J Bradford department of Animal Sciences and Industry 232 Weber Hall Kansas State University department of Clinical Sciences A-111 Mosier Hall Kansas State University

Background： during nutritional stress, reduced intake may reduce the efficacy of anabolic implants. This study was conducted to evaluate basic cellular responses to a growth promotant implant at two intake levels. Methods： Sixteen crossbred steers （293 ± 19.3 kg） were used to evaluate the impact of anabolic implants in either an adequate or a restricted nutritional state. Steers were trained to individual Calan gates, and then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted off presence or absence of an anabolic growth implant （Revalor-XS, 200 mg TBA and 40 mg estradiol; IMPLANT or CONTROL） and a moderate energy, pelleted, starting cattle diet fed at either 2.0 × or 1.0 × maintenance energy （NEM） requirements （HIGH or LOW）. Serum （d O, 14, and 28） was used for application to bovine muscle satellite cells. After treatment with the serum （20% of total media） from the trial cattle, the satellite cells were incubated for 72 h. Protein abundance of myosin heavy chain （MHC）, phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase （phospho-erK）, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin （phospho-mTOR） were analyzed to determine the effects of implant, intake, and their interaction （applied via the serum）. Results： Intake had no effect on MHC （P = 0.85） but IMPLANT increased （P 〈 0.01） MHC abundance vs. CONTROL. Implant status, intake status, and the interaction had no effect on the abundance of phospho-erK （P〉0.23）. Implanting increased phospho-mTOR （P 〈 0.01） but there was no effect （P 〉 0.51） of intake or intake x implant. Conclusions： The nearly complete lack of interaction between implant and nutritional status indicates that the signaling molecules measured herein respond to implants and nutritional status independently. Furthermore, results suggest that the muscle hypertrophic effects of anabolic implants may not be mediated by circulating IGF-1.

关键词： Beef cattle Implant Muscle Myosin heavy chain Nutrient restriction Satellite cells

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Matrix metalloproteinases in neural development:a phylogenetically diverse perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第3期11卷 357-362页

作者： christopher d.Small Bryan d.Crawford department of Biology University of New Brunswick

The matrix metalloproteinases（MMPs） are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases originally characterized as secreted proteases responsible for degrading extracellular matrix *** canonical role in matrix remodelling is of significant importance in neural development and regeneration,but emerging roles for MMPs,especially in signal transduction pathways,are also of obvious importance in a neural *** of MMP activity is a hallmark of many neuropathologies,and members of every branch of the MMP family have been implicated in aspects of neural development and ***,while extraordinary research efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involving MMPs,methodological constraints and complexities of the research models have impeded *** we discuss the current state of our understanding of the roles of MMPs in neural development using recent examples and advocate a phylogenetically diverse approach to MMP research as a means to both circumvent the challenges associated with specific model organisms,and to provide a broader evolutionary context from which to synthesize an understanding of the underlying biology.

关键词： matrix metalloproteinases extracellular matrix xenopus drosophila zabrafish neural development evolution

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Solution for fractional potential KdV and Benjamin equations using the novel technique

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2021年第3期6卷 265-275页

作者： P.Veeresha d.G.Prakasha N.Magesh A.John christopher deepak Umrao Sarwe department of Mathematics CHRIST(Deemed to be University)Bengaluru-560029India department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceDavangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangere-577007India P.G.and Research department of Mathematics Govt.Arts College for MenKrishnagiri-635001India department of Mathematics University of MumbaiKalinaSantacruz EastMumbai-400098India

In this paper,we find the solutions for fractional potential Korteweg-de Vries(p-KdV)and Benjamin equations using q-homotopy analysis transform method(q-HATM).The considered method is the mixture of q-homotopy analysis method and Laplace transform,and the Caputo fractional operator is considered in the present *** projected solution procedure manipulates and controls the obtained results in a large admissible ***,it offers a simple algorithm to adjust the convergence province of the obtained *** validate the q-HATM is accurate and reliable,the numerical simulations have been conducted for both equations and the outcomes are revealed through the plots and *** between the obtained solutions with the exact solutions exhibits that,the considered method is efficient and effective in solving nonlinear problems associated with science and technology.

关键词： Potential KdV equation q-Homotopy analysis method Fractional Benjamin equation Laplace transform Ginzburg-Landau equation Caputo fractional operator

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Selective and taxon-dependent effects of semi-feral cattle grazing on tree regeneration in an old-growth Mediterranean mountain forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第1期7卷 128-140页

作者： Xavier Fortuny christopher Carcaillet Sandrine Chauchard Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes(EPHE) PSL University75014 ParisFrance Laboratoire d’ cologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés(UMR5023 CNRS UniversitéLyon 1ENTPE)69622 VilleurbanneFrance Universitéde Lorraine AgroParisTechINRAEUMR Silva54000 NancyFrance

Background:In Mediterranean mountain socio-ecosystems,both grazing by livestock and the dry season may influence tree ***,the relative contributions of these drivers are poorly known,even though present and future canopy composition might result from past and present variations in climate and herbivore *** study aims to test how semi-feral cattle presence and season affect tree ***:The study was conducted using permanent plots inside and outside a cattle exclosure in an old-growth Mediterranean *** and seedlings were counted five times per year(winter,early spring,middle spring,summer,fall)and monitored over 7 ***:Semi-feral cattle exclusion increased Acer,Fagus,Ilex,Pinus,Prunus and Quercus sapling densities and increased Acer,Fraxinus,Ilex,Quercus and Sorbus seedling ***,the dry season did not exert any noticeable effects on the sapling or seedling densities of any of the studied ***:Semi-feral cattle presence may limit tree regeneration through taxon-dependent effects,which suggests that the current decrease in grazing livestock across the Mediterranean basin will modify recruitment processes and,likely,future forest ***:Semi-feral cattle presence acts as a selective driver of tree community composition.

关键词： Cattle Climate Experiment Herbivory Forest pastoralism

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designing user-centric transport strategies for urban road space redistribution

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Communications in Transportation Research 2023年第1期3卷 230-248页

作者： Manu Sasidharan Mehran Eskandari Torbaghan Yasmin Fathy christopher d.F.Rogers Nicole Metje Jennifer Schooling department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeCB21PZUK School of Engineering University of BirminghamBirminghamEdgbastonB152TTUK

Cities worldwide are geared to promote economic growth,improve accessibility,address environmental issues,and enhance the quality of ***,the processes that lead to the design of urban roads,particularly the space distribution,reflect the inequalities existing in the fabric of our *** often have shorter travel time and more space than passengers of other ***,the existing transport appraisal and planning tools that frame sustainable transport policies fall short of considering the dimension of social ***,our urban transport systems are essential areas for advancing sustainability through a transport justice-based approach to planning that can pivot the distribution of infrastructure investments over different social groups and transport *** study proposes such an approach by which such suitable urban transport strategies can be identified,co-created with users and appraised while considering the commuters’***,the interaction between the multidimensional characteristics of sustainability and the principles of transport justice are *** proposed approach is applied to London and *** results show that a transparent and holistic approach to integrating users within transport planning is an effective way to reflect diverse needs and local circumstances and thereby ensure a just transition to sustainable urban transport *** results from the case studies highlight a strong rationale for the centrality of justice in any urban transport planning and policy making efforts,particularly in the allocation of road space.

关键词： Urban transport Sustainability Road space allocation Cost-benefit analysis

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Amalgamated gold-nanoalloys with enhanced catalytic activity for the detection of mercury ions(Hg^2+)in seawater samples

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Nano Research 2020年第4期13卷 989-998页

作者： Natasha Logan Claire McVey christopher Elliott Cuong Cao Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueens University Belfast19 Chlorine GardensBelfastBT95DLUK Material and Advanced Technologies for Healthcare Queens University Belfast18-30 Malone RoadBelfastBT95BNUK

Mercury(Hg)is extremely toxic,and continues to cause major threats to aquatic life,human health and the ***^2+mainly derives from seawater as a product of atmospheric deposition,therefore there is great demand for sensing approaches that can detect Hg^2+in seawater ***,we demonstrate that the peroxidase-mimicking activity of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)or so-called nanozymes,can be exploited for the detection of Hg^2+ions in various water *** a high electrolyte environment,the catalytic activity for the oxidation of 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)was significantly diminished due to poor stability of the *** activity was reduced by-73.7%when the NaCl concentration was higher than 1.168%,which is much lower than that of seawater(-3.5%),thus presenting its unsuitability for detecting Hg^2+in harsh water *** overcome this limitation,AuNPs were first functionalized with oligo-ethylene glycol(OEG),of which their colloidal form presented high stability in NaCl concentrations up to 20%and across a wide range of pHs from ***,the catalytic activity of OEG-AuNPs for the oxidation of TMB was strongly suppressed by the coating,but enhanced upon formation of Au-Hg *** novel finding underlies a straightforward,sensitive,and highly selective detection platform for Hg^2+in water *** approach could detect the exposure limit level for Hg^2+in drinking water(i.e.,2 ppb for tap and bottled water)as set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)and the World Health Organization(WHO).When Hg^2+was spiked into a 3.5%saline solution and a coastal seawater certified reference material(CRM),the detection limits were found to be 10 ancM 3 ppb,respectively,which exceed the Hg^2+concentrations commonly found within seawater(-60-80 ppb).The whole procedure takes less than 45 min to conduct,providing a highly innovative,rapid and low-cost approach for detecting Hg^2+in complex water matrices.

关键词： gold nanoparticles nanozyme peroxidase-like mercury detection w ater samples seawater

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