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Dynamic glial response and crosstalk in demyelination-remyelination and neurodegeneration processes

Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1359-1368页

作者： Tianci Chu Lisa b.E.shields Wenxin Zeng Yi Ping Zhang Yuanyi Wang Gregory N.barnes christopher b.shields Jun Cai Pediatric Research Institute Department of PediatricsUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA Norton Neuroscience Institute Norton HealthcareLouisvilleKYUSA Department of Spine Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Department of Neurology University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA Department of Neurological Surgery University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKYUSA

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath in the central nervous *** is characterized by blood-brain barrier dysfunction throughout the course of multiple sclerosis, followed by the entry of immune cells and activation of local microglia and *** cells(microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells) are known as the important mediators of neuroinflammation, all of which play major roles in the pathogenesis of multiple *** communications between glial cells affect the activities of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and influence the demyelination-remyelination process.A finely balanced glial response may create a favorable lesion environment for efficient remyelination and *** review focuses on glial response and neurodegeneration based on the findings from multiple sclerosis and major rodent demyelination *** particular, glial interaction and molecular crosstalk are discussed to provide insights into the potential cell-and molecule-specific therapeutic targets to improve remyelination and neuroregeneration.

关键词： astrocyte crosstalk demyelination glial response microglia/macrophage multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroinflammation oligodendrocyte lineage cells remyelination

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Technical comments on rodent spinal cord injuries models

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第5期9卷 453-455页

作者： Zoe Zhang Yi Ping Zhang Lisa b.E.shields christopher b.shields Department of Neurosurgery University of Minnesota Norton Neuroscience Institute Norton Healthcare

Spinal cord injuries （SCI） in rodents have been created by laceration, contusion, compression, or intramedullary injection of toxic agents. The choice of an appropriate SCI model should be made for each study based on the experimental design, with care taken to avoid unintended complications such as hemorrhage. Technical comments will be made in this communication describing the 1） importance of vertebral stabi- lization, 2） injury preparation, and 3） landmarks to improve the preci- sion and reproducibility of the SCI.

关键词： SCI Technical comments on rodent spinal cord injuries models LISA Zhang

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Comparative analysis of empirical and deep learning models for ionospheric sporadic E layer prediction

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 10-19页

作者： bingKun Yu PengHao Tian XiangHui Xue christopher JScott HaiLun Ye JianFei Wu Wen Yi TingDi Chen XianKang Dou Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration LaboratoryHefei 230088China CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China Department of Meteorology University of ReadingReading RG66BBUK

Sporadic E(Es)layers in the ionosphere are characterized by intense plasma irregularities in the E region at altitudes of 90-130 *** they can significantly influence radio communications and navigation systems,accurate forecasting of Es layers is crucial for ensuring the precision and dependability of navigation satellite *** this study,we present Es predictions made by an empirical model and by a deep learning model,and analyze their differences comprehensively by comparing the model predictions to satellite RO measurements and ground-based ionosonde *** deep learning model exhibited significantly better performance,as indicated by its high coefficient of correlation(r=0.87)with RO observations and predictions,than did the empirical model(r=0.53).This study highlights the importance of integrating artificial intelligence technology into ionosphere modelling generally,and into predicting Es layer occurrences and characteristics,in particular.

关键词： ionospheric sporadic E layer radio occultation ionosondes numerical model deep learning model artificial intelligence

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Surgical decompression in acute spinal cord injury： A review of clinical evidence, animal model studies, and potential future directions of investigation

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Frontiers in biology 2014年第2期9卷 127-136页

作者： Yiping LI Chandler L. WALKER Yi Ping ZHANG christopher b. shields Xiao-Ming XU Spinal Cord and brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodmanand Campbell Brain and Spine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Norton Neuroscience Institute Norton Healthcare Louisville KY 40202 USA

The goal for treatment in acute spinal cord injury （SCI） is to reduce the extent of secondary damage and facilitate neurologic regeneration and functional recovery. Although multiple studies have investigated potential new therapies for the treatment of acute SCI, outcomes and management protocols aimed at ameliorating neurologic injury in patients remain ineffective. More recent clinical and basic science research have shown surgical interventions to be a potentially valuable modality for treatment; however, the role and timing of surgical decompression, in addition to the optimal surgical intervention, remain one of the most controversial topics pertaining to surgical treatment of acute SCI. As an increasing number of potential treatment modalities emerge, animal models are pivotal for investigating its clinical application and translation into human trials. This review critically appraises the available literature for both clinical and basic science studies to highlight the extent of investigation that has occurred, specific therapies considered, and potential areas for future research.

关键词： acute spinal cord injury surgical decompression durotomy animal models

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Signals and noise in the octavolateralis systems: What is the impact of human activities on fish sensory function?

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第1期10卷 4-14页

作者： christopher b.bRAUN Department of Psychology Hunter CollegeCity University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA

The octavolateralis systems of fishes include the vestibular,auditory,lateral line and electrosensory *** are united by common developmental and neuro-computational features,including hair cell sensors and computations based on cross-neuron analyses of differential hair cell stimulation *** systems also all use both spectral and temporal filters to separate signals from each other and from noise,and the distributed senses(lateral line and electroreception)add spatial filters as *** all sensory systems,these sensors must provide the animal with guidance for adaptive behavior within a sensory scene composed of multiple stimuli and varying levels of ambient noise,including that created by human *** the extreme,anthropogenic activities impact the octavolateralis systems by destroying or degrading the habitats that provide ecological resources and sensory *** slightly lesser levels of effect,anthropogenic pollutants can be damaging to fish tissues,with sensory organs often the most *** exposed sensory cells of the lateral line and electrosensory systems are especially sensitive to aquatic *** still lesser levels of impact,anthropogenic activities can act as both acute and chronic stressors,activating hormonal changes that may affect behavioral and sensory ***,human activities are now a nearly ubiquitous presence in aquatic habitats,often with no obvious effects on the animals exposed to *** noise,indigenous and industrial fishing techniques,and all the ancillary noises of human civilization form a major part of the soundscape of *** fish use these new sources of information about their habitat is a new and burgeoning field of study.

关键词： audition,electrosense lateral line soundscape underwater noise

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Magnetic systems for cancer immunotherapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2021年第8期11卷 2172-2196页

作者： Nicole b.Day William C.Wixson C.Wyatt shields IV Department of Chemical&biological Engineering University of ColoradoBoulderCO 80303USA

Immunotherapy is a rapidly developing area of cancer treatment due to its higher specificity and potential for greater efficacy than traditional *** cell modulation through the administration of drugs,proteins,and cells can enhance antitumoral responses through pathways that may be otherwise inhibited in the presence of immunosuppressive *** systems offer several advantages for improving the performance of immunotherapies,including increased spatiotemporal control over transport,release,and dosing of immunomodulatory drugs within the body,resulting in reduced off-target effects and improved *** to alternative methods for stimulating drug release such as light and pH,magnetic systems enable several distinct methods for programming immune ***,we discuss how magnetic hyperthermia can stimulate immune cells and trigger thermoresponsive drug ***,we summarize how magnetically targeted delivery of drug carriers can increase the accumulation of drugs in target ***,we review how biomaterials can undergo magnetically driven structural changes to enable remote release of encapsulated ***,we describe the use of magnetic particles for targeted interactions with cellular receptors for promoting antitumor ***,we discuss translational considerations of these systems,such as toxicity,clinical compatibility,and future opportunities for improving cancer treatment.

关键词： Drug delivery Immunotherapy Magnetic hyperthermia Magnetic nanoparticles Microrobotics biomaterials

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Hollow ion atomic structure and X-ray emission in dense hot plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第6期9卷 43-52页

作者： Frank b.Rosmej christopher J.Fontes Sorbonne University Faculty of Science and EngineeringUMR 7605Case 1284 Place JussieuF-75252 ParisFrance Ecole Polytechnique LULIAtomic Physics in Dense PlasmasRoute de SaclayF-91129 PalaiseauFrance Computational Physics Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA

Hollow ion X-ray emission is of great interest in high-energy-density research,since negligible opacity allows studies from the interior of very dense *** this paper,ionization potential depressions of the isoelectronic sequences for single and double K-shell vacancies are obtained from a pure ab initio multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock simulation including exact exchange terms and finite temperature dense plasma *** is demonstrated that the simultaneous representation of these ab initio data in the form of a map of hollow ion X-ray transition energies enables identification of important steps in the matter evolution and ionization *** along the isoelectronic sequence as a function of the pumping energy of a X-ray free electron laser also enables visualization of the impact of ionization potential depression on the pathways of hollow ion formation.

关键词： enable interior steps

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SARS-CoV-2:the many pros of targeting PLpro

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 633-634页

作者： christopher b.McClain Nicolas Vabret Department of Medicine Hematology and Medical OncologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA Precision Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA

A new study1 published in Nature compares the mechanisms used by SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease(PLpro)to promote innate immune *** findings identify SARS-CoV-2 PLpro as an attractive drug target for tr... 详细信息

关键词： attractive finding Nature

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In the forest vine Smilax rotundifolia,fungal epiphytes show site-wide spatial correlation,while endophytes show evidence of niche partitioning

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第6期75卷 279-297页

作者： christopher b.Zambell James F.White Graduate Program in Ecology&Evolution Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA Department of Plant biology&Pathology 59 Dudley RoadNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA

Endophytic and epiphytic fungal assemblages from stems of ***,a shrubby vine,were studied in order to(1)quantify differences and the degree of overlap between fungal communities of both micro-habitats,and(2)examine whether fungal assemblages are spatially correlated at the local scale(tens to hundreds of meters),in order to understand if dispersal limitation may play a role in structuring these *** was conducted over 160 m of growth along a forest *** communities showed low overlap(bray-Curtis Similarity=0.22),with most species that were common in one habitat appearing rarely if at all in the other,and only Aureobasidium pullulans showing high frequency in *** assemblages proved to be spatially correlated along the 160 m length of the transect,and even more so when adjacent pairs of stems were considered as the unit of comparison rather than individual *** assemblages showed no significant spatial correlation along the ***,three species of endophytes showed a pattern in which abundance of colonies peaked at different heights on the *** boninense showed peak abundance at 3 cm from the stem *** sp.1 peaked at 33 cm from the stem *** isolates of *** peaked at 63 cm from the stem *** was also found that positive correlative relationships were detected between endophyte-endophyte,and epiphyte-epiphyte ***-group interactions seemed to center around crossover species that were not entirely constrained within the surface or interior.

关键词： Colletotrichum Phomopsis Phyllosticta Local dispersal Tissue preference

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Strategies towards robust interpretations of in situ zircon oxygen isotopes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第2期14卷 241-255页

作者： Janne Liebmann christopher L.Kirkland John b.Cliff christopher J.Spencer Aaron J.Cavosie Timescales of Mineral Systems Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWashington 99354United States Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada Space Science and Technology Centre The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary ScienceCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia

Oxygen isotopes are a versatile tool to address a wide range of questions in the Earth *** include geothermometry,paleoclimatology,tracing of geochemical reservoirs,fluid-rock interaction,magmatic petrogenesis,and identification of extra-terrestrial *** arguably provides one of the most robust records of primary magmatic O isotope ratio due to low diffusion rates in crystalline *** ability to correlate zircon O isotopes with temporal and petrogenetic information(e.g.U-Pb geochronology,Lu-Hf isotopes,and trace elements)makes this mineral a key archive for understanding Earth’s crustal ***,zircon O isotope geochemistry has found widespread usage to address fundamental questions across the earth and planetary *** general apparent ease of O isotopic acquisition through the advancement of rapid in situ techniques(*** ion mass spectrometry;SIMS)and associated dedicated national laboratories has led to the generation of large O isotopic data sets of variable quality,highlighting the importance of a coherent workflow for data collection,reduction,and *** paper presents a set of approaches for measurement,assessment,and reporting of zircon O isotope *** focus in this contribution is on in situ analysis via secondary ion mass spectrometry using large geometry instruments,but other commonly used techniques are briefly reviewed for *** work aims to provide an analytical framework necessary for geologically meaningful interpretation of O isotope *** addition,we describe inherent geological(***-induced disturbance of the zircon O isotopic system)and analytical(*** due to sample topography effects)challenges and outline means to identify and avoid such issues as a prerequisite to the generation of robust primary O isotopic signatures for geological interpretation.

关键词： In situ Oxygen isotopes Zircon SIMS Secondary ion mass spectrometry Off-mount standard

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