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CHANGES IN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE FUNCTION IN HYPERTENSION

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1993年第4期106卷 250-257页

作者： christopher R.Triggle Reza Tabrizchi Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of MedicineThe University of Calgary3330 Hospital Drive N.W.CalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 4N1 Department of Parmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of MedicineThe University of British Columbia2176 Health Sciences MallVancouverB.C.V6T 1Z3Canada

In a comparison of the spontaneously hypertensive rat （SHR） with Wistar-Kyoto （WKY） and Sprague Dawley （SD） rats, it was shown that pertussis toxin （PTX） lowers the blood pressure of the SH but not WKY or SD rats. Sympathetic nerve stimulation （SNS）, via the pithing rod, the nitric oxide NO)-synthase inhibitor N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester L-NAME) and the pressor response to infusion of AVP were also observed. The results indicate that a G-protein（s） population and /or function may be altered in the vascular smooth muscle of SH rats. This dysfunction may contribute to the heightened pressor responsiveness of the SHR vasculature to SNS and arginine vasopressin （AVP） and the increased sensitivity to the hypotensive effects of nifedipine. NO-synthase activity also appears to be increased in the SHR, suggesting that this increase should reflect a compensatory, change due to the elevation of bP in SHR.

关键词： VASOPRESSIN RECEPTORS RESPONSES RATS ARTERIES

Probabilistic estimate of rock mass static and dynamic demands for underground excavation stabilisation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第3期11卷 481-493页

作者： Ernesto Villaescusa Alan Thompson christopher Windsor Western Australia School of Mines Curtin UniversityLocked Bag 30KalgoorlieWA 6433Australia Alan Thompson Geotechnology Pty Ltd. 40B Windich StreetEsperanceWA 6450Australia

Excavation damage under high in situ stress depends largely upon the potential block size associated with any violent *** size and shape of the dynamic instability are largely controlled by the location,orientation and extent of the pre-existing geological discontinuities.A new methodology is presented in which the rock mass demand can be expressed in terms of the mass in tonnes of unstable rock that is ejected per unit area of the excavation surface where failure occurs.A probabilistic approach has been implemented to estimate the potential rock mass instabilities and their associated static and dynamic *** new methodology considers that the strain energy released by the rock mass during violent stress-driven failure is largely converted into kinetic energy of ejection for *** estimated dynamic demand has been favourably compared with observations of rock mass damage in a number of underground excavations.

关键词： Geological structures Probabilistic design Underground excavations High stresses Dynamic and static demands Deep mining

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Meta-analysis of the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)treatment on climacteric fruit ripening

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 53-68页

作者： Jing Zhang Yuanchun Ma Chao Dong Leon A.Terry christopher b.Watkins Zhifang Yu Zong-Ming(Max)Cheng College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina Plant Science Laboratory Cranfield UniversityBedfordshireUK School of Integrative of Plant Science College of Agriculture and Plant SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina Department of Plant Sciences University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology Forestry and Fruit Tree Research InstituteShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina

1-Methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)is an inhibitor of ethylene perception that is widely used to maintain the quality of several climacteric fruits during storage.A large body of literature now exists on the effects of 1-MCP on climacteric fruit ripening for different species and environmental conditions,presenting an opportunity to use meta-analysis to systematically dissect these *** classified 44 ripening indicators of climacteric fruits into five categories:physiology and biochemistry,quality,enzyme activity,color,and ***-analysis showed that 1-MCP treatment reduced 20 of the 44 indicators by a minimum of 22%and increased 6 indicators by at least 20%.These effects were associated with positive effects on delaying ripening and maintaining *** the seven moderating variables,species,1-MCP concentration,storage temperature and time had substantial impacts on the responses of fruit to 1-MCP *** from different species varied in their responses to 1-MCP,with the most pronounced responses observed in rosaceous fruits,especially apple,European pear fruits,and tropical *** effect of gaseous 1-MCP was optimal at 1μl/l,with a treatment time of 12–24 h,when the storage temperature was 0℃for temperate fruits or 20℃for tropical fruits,and when the shelf temperature was 20℃,reflecting the majority of experimental *** findings will help improve the efficacy of 1-MCP application during the storage of climacteric fruits,reduce fruit quality losses and increase commercial value.

关键词： treatment analysis maintain

Gold Nanozymes:From Concept to biomedical Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第1期13卷 138-173页

作者： Javier Lou‑Franco bhaskar Das christopher Elliott Cuong Cao Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueen’s University of Belfast19 Chlorine GardensBelfast BT95DLUK Present Address:Department of biotechnology and Medical Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkelaIndia

In recent years,gold nanoparticles have demonstrated excellent enzyme-mimicking activities which resemble those of peroxidase,oxidase,catalase,superoxide dismutase or ***,merged with their ease of synthesis,tunability,biocompatibility and low cost,makes them excellent candidates when compared with biological enzymes for applications in biomedicine or biochemical ***,over 200 research papers have been systematically reviewed to present the recent progress on the fundamentals of gold nanozymes and their potential *** review reveals that the morphology and surface chemistry of the nanoparticles play an important role in their catalytic properties,as well as external parameters such as pH or ***,real applications often require specific biorecognition elements to be immobilized onto the nanozymes,leading to unexpected positive or negative effects on their ***,rational design of efficient nanozymes remains a challenge of paramount *** implementation paths have already been explored,including the application of peroxidase-like nanozymes for the development of clinical diagnostics or the regulation of oxidative stress within cells via their catalase and superoxide dismutase *** review also indicates that it is essential to understand how external parameters may boost or inhibit each of these activities,as more than one of them could ***,further toxicity studies are required to ensure the applicability of gold nanozymes in *** challenges and future prospects of gold nanozymes are discussed in this review,whose significance can be anticipated in a diverse range of fields beyond biomedicine,such as food safety,environmental analyses or the chemical industry.

关键词： Gold nanoparticles Catalysis Nanozymes Diagnosis Nanomedicine

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Surgical decompression in acute spinal cord injury： A review of clinical evidence, animal model studies, and potential future directions of investigation

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Frontiers in biology 2014年第2期9卷 127-136页

作者： Yiping LI Chandler L. WALKER Yi Ping ZHANG christopher b. SHIELDS Xiao-Ming XU Spinal Cord and brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodmanand Campbell Brain and Spine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 USA Norton Neuroscience Institute Norton Healthcare Louisville KY 40202 USA

The goal for treatment in acute spinal cord injury （SCI） is to reduce the extent of secondary damage and facilitate neurologic regeneration and functional recovery. Although multiple studies have investigated potential new therapies for the treatment of acute SCI, outcomes and management protocols aimed at ameliorating neurologic injury in patients remain ineffective. More recent clinical and basic science research have shown surgical interventions to be a potentially valuable modality for treatment; however, the role and timing of surgical decompression, in addition to the optimal surgical intervention, remain one of the most controversial topics pertaining to surgical treatment of acute SCI. As an increasing number of potential treatment modalities emerge, animal models are pivotal for investigating its clinical application and translation into human trials. This review critically appraises the available literature for both clinical and basic science studies to highlight the extent of investigation that has occurred, specific therapies considered, and potential areas for future research.

关键词： acute spinal cord injury surgical decompression durotomy animal models

Practical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: The Fundamentals, Fifth Edition 5

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Modeling the impact of climate change on sediment transport and morphology in coupled watershed-coast systems:A case study using an integrated approach

2003年

作者： Peter b. Cotton MD FRCP, FRCS christopher b. Williams MA, bM, bCh, FRCP

ISBN: (数字)9780470987032

ISBN: (纸本)9781405102353

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is now mainstream and the focus is now changing from developing new techniques to enhancing the efficiency and quality of fundamental techniques. There are three elements to this agenda: initial training, continuous quality improvement and patient empowerment. For the first time, the book is accompanied by two CD-ROMs - featuring video and animation of how to perform the techniques. The first CD-ROM covers the upper GI tract and consists of two sections: (1) the background to instruments and how to get set up, and (2) how to perform diagnostic techniques. The second CD-ROM covers diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in colonoscopy. Cotton and Williams' book has evolved with each new edition to reflect developments in the field of endoscopy over the last 20 years. This fifth edition draws on the vast experience of the authors and heralds current changes in both endoscopy and publishing. The emerging 'back to basics' attitude of endoscopy opinion formers with regard to the teaching of endoscopy has resulted in a more focused table of contents specifically targeted at newcomers to this specialty.

关键词： Gastroscopy.Gastrointestinal Diseasesdiagnosis.Endoscopy.

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第3期29卷 304-315页

作者： Achilleas G.SAMARAS christopher G KOUTITAS Research Fellow CIRI-ECFluid Dynamics Research UnitUniversity of BolognaVia del Lazzaretto 15/5Bologna 40131Italy Department of Civil Engineering Aristotle University of ThessalonikiUniversity Campus

Climate change is an issue of major concern *** impact on the natural and human environment is studied intensively,as the expected shift in climate will be significant in the next few *** experience shows that the effects will be critical in coastal areas,resulting in erosion and inundation phenomena *** addition to that,coastal areas are subject to "pressures" from upstream watersheds in terms of water quality and sediment *** present paper studies the impact of climate change on sediment transport and morphology in the aforementioned coupled *** study regards a sandy coast and its upstream watershed in Chalkidiki,North Greece;it is based on:(a)an integrated approach for the quantitative correlation of the two through numerical modeling,developed by the authors,and(b)a calibrated application of the relevant models Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)and PELNCON-M,applied to the watershed and the coastal zone,*** examined climate change scenarios focus on a shift of the rainfall distribution towards fewer and more extreme rainfall events,and an increased frequency of occurrence of extreme wave *** indicate the significance of climatic pressures in wide-scale sediment dynamics,and are deemed to provide a useful perspective for researchers and policy planners involved in the study of coastal morphology evolution in a changing climate.

关键词： Climate change Sediment transport Coastal morphology Integrated approach Numerical modeling

Androgen receptor deficiency in monocytes/ macrophages does not alter adiposity or glucose homeostasis in male mice

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第3期20卷 276-283页

作者： Katya b Rubinow barbara Houston Shari Wang Leela Goodspeed Kayoko Ogimoto Gregory J Morton christopher McCarty Robert E braun Stephanie T Page Division of Metabolism Endocrinology and Nutrition Department of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA 98195 USA Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA

Androgen deprivation in men leads to increased adiposity, but the mechanisms underlying androgen regulation of fat mass have not been fully defined. Androgen receptor （AR） is expressed in monocytes/macrophages, which are resident in key metabolic tissues and influence energy metabolism in surrounding cells. Male mice bearing a cell-specific knockout of the AR in monocytes/macrophages （M-ARKO） were generated to determine whether selective loss of androgen signaling in these cells would lead to altered body composition. Wild-type （WT） and M-ARKO mice （12-22 weeks of age, n = 12 per group） were maintained on a regular chow diet for 8 weeks and then switched to a high-fat diet for 8 additional weeks. At baseline and on both the regular chow and high-fat diets, no differences in lean mass or fat mass were observed between groups. Consistent with the absence of differential body weight or adiposity, no differences in food intake （3.0 ± 0.5 g per day for WT mice vs 2.8 ± 0.4 g per day for M-ARKO mice） or total energy expenditure （0.6 ± 0.1 Kcal h-1 for WT mice vs 0.5 ± 0.1 Kcal h-1 for M-ARKO mice） were evident between groups during high-fat feeding. Liver weight was greater in M-ARKO than that in WT mice （1.5 ± 0.1 g vs 1.3 ± 0.0 g, respectively, P = 0.02）. Finally, M-ARKO mice did not exhibit impairments in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity relative to WT mice at any study time point. In aggregate, these findings suggest that AR signaling specifically in monocytes/macrophages does not contribute to the regulation of systemic energy balance, adiposity, or insulin sensitivity in male mice.

关键词： androgen receptor knockout mice macrophages male hypogonadism metabolic syndrome

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GbGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GbGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GbGI types categorized under 10 main *** GbGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GbGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to bSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GbGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GbGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme