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国际脑血管病杂志 2012年第1期20卷 1-11页

作者： Andr.i V. Alexandr.v Michael A. Sloan Char.es H. Tegeler.David N. Newell Alan Lumsden Zsolt Gar.mi christopher r. levy Lawr.nce K.S. Wong Colleen Douville Manfr.d Kaps 李海峰（译）李宏（译）李展秀（译） Fr.m the Compr.hensive Str.ke Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 青岛大学医学院附属医院神经内科

引言：经颅多普勒（tr.nscr.nial Doppler.TCD）已被证实为一种安全有效的生理学超声检查技术。尽管成像设备可以在结构影像的基础上显示颅内血流，但成像性双功能超声或非成像性TCD检查提供的最终结果是通过频谱波形来评价生理学血流... 详细信息

引言：经颅多普勒（tr.nscr.nial Doppler.TCD）已被证实为一种安全有效的生理学超声检查技术。尽管成像设备可以在结构影像的基础上显示颅内血流，但成像性双功能超声或非成像性TCD检查提供的最终结果是通过频谱波形来评价生理学血流参数。总结概要：多学科专家小组确定的TCD临床适应证包括：镰状细胞病、恼缺血、右向左分流（r.ght—to—left shunt，r.S）、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑死亡以及围手术期或术中监测。TCD检查可常规应用于住院或门诊患者的一些临床实践活动：通过完整或部分TCD检查以检测正常、狭窄或闭塞的颅内血管和侧支循环来判断动脉闭塞位置，并进一步完善颈动脉超声或无创性血管造影结果；通过血管运动反应性检查来识别首发或复发性卒中的高危患者；通过栓子监测对脑栓塞进行实时检查、定位和量化；在怀疑反常性栓塞或考虑分流封堵术治疗的患者中进行r.S检测；对溶栓治疗进行监测以促进血管再通和检测再闭塞；在血管内支架置入术、颈动脉内膜切除术和心脏外科手术中进行监测以发现围手术期栓塞、血栓形成、低灌注或高灌注。结论：通过界定实践范围，这些标准将在TCD检查的申请、检查和评价过程中给开申请单的医生、发报告的医生以及第三方提供帮助。

关键词： TCD 适应证应用结果

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Advanced endoscopic imaging of indeter.inate biliar. str.ctur.s

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.intestinal Endoscopy 2015年第18期7卷 1268-1278页

作者： James H Tabibian Kavel H Visr.dia Michael J levy christopher J Gostout Division of Gastr.enter.logy and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Division of Gastr.enter.logy Wilmott Center for Endoscopic Innovation Research and Training University of Pennsylvania Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine Mayo Clinic

Endoscopic evaluation of indeter.inate biliar. str.c-tur.s(IDBSs) has evolved consider.bly since the development of flexible fiber.ptic endoscopes over.50 year. ago. Endoscopic r.tr.gr.de cholangiogr.phy pancr.atogr.phy(Er.P) was intr.duced near.y a decade later.and has since become the mainstay of ther.py for.r.lieving obstr.ction of the biliar. tr.ct. However. longstanding methods of Er.P-guided tissue acquisition(i.e., biliar. br.shings for.cytology and intr.ductal for.eps biopsy for.histology) have demon-str.ted disappointing per.or.ance char.cter.stics in distinguishing malignant fr.m benign etiologies of IDBSs. The limitations of these methods have thus helped dr.ve the sear.h for.novel techniques to enhance the evaluation of IDBSs and ther.by impr.ve diagnosis and clinical car.. These modalities include, but ar. not limited to, endoscopic ultr.sound, intr.ductal ultr.sound, cholangioscopy, confocal endomicr.scopy, and optical coher.nce tomogr.phy. In this r.view, we discuss established and emer.ing options in the evaluation of IDBSs.

关键词： Cholangiocar.inoma Bile duct diseases Cholangiopat

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Genome and clonal hematopoiesis stability contr.sts with immune,cfDNA,mitochondr.al,and telomer. length changes dur.ng shor. dur.tion spaceflight

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Pr.cision Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： J.Sebastian Gar.ia-Medina Kar.lina Sienkiewicz S.Anand Nar.yanan Eliah G.Over.ey Kir.ll Gr.gor.v Kr.sta A.r.on Mar.ssa Bur.e Jacqueline Pr.szynski Br.den Tier.ey Caleb M.Schmidt Nur.a Mencia-Tr.nchant r.mi Klotz Ver.nica Or.iz Jonathan Foox christopher Chin Deena Najjar.Ir.na Matei Ir.naeus Chan Car.os Cr.chaga Ashley Kleinman JangKeun Kim Alexander.Lucaci Conor.Loy Omar. Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminck Anvita Singar.ju Lynn E.Taylor.Julian C.Schmidt Michael A.Schmidt Kelly Blease Juan Mor.no Andr.w Boddicker.Junhua Zhao Br.an Lajoie Andr.w Altomar. Semyon Kr.glyak Shawn levy Min Yu Duane C.Hassane Susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton Jaime Mateus christopher E.Mason Depar.ment of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The Hr. Pr.nce Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for.Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Depar.ment of Immunology Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Depar.ment of Stem Cell Biology and r.gener.tive Medicine Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Space Explor.tion Technologies Cor.or.tion HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovar.s Aer.space BoulderCO 80302USA Advanced Patter. Analysis&Human Per.or.ance Gr.up BoulderCO 80302USA Childr.n's Cancer.and Blood Foundation Labor.tor.es Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer.Cancer.Center Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Depar.ment of Nutr.tion and Integr.tive Physiology Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Depar.ment of Systems Engineer.ng Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Element Biosciences San DiegoCA 10055USA Depar.ment of Envir.nmental and r.diological Health Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Cell and Molecular.Biology Pr.gr.m Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstr. Inc New YorkNYUSA Washington Univer.ity St Louis Oncology Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig School of Biomedical Engineer.ng Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Br.in and Mind r.sear.h Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA Wor.dQuant Initiative for.Quantitative Pr.diction Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Backgr.und The Inspir.tion4(I4)mission,the fir.t all-civilian or.ital flight mission,investigated the physiological effects of shor.-dur.tion spaceflight thr.ugh a multi-omic *** advances,ther. r.mains much to lear. about human adaptation to spaceflight's unique challenges,including micr.gr.vity,immune system per.ur.ations,and r.diation *** To pr.vide a detailed genetics analysis of the mission,we collected dr.ed blood spots pr.-,dur.ng,and post-flight for.DNA *** length was measur.d by quantitative PCr.while whole genome and cfDNA sequencing pr.vided insight into genomic stability and immune adaptations.A r.bust bioinfor.atic pipeline was used for.data analysis,including var.ant calling to assess mutational *** Telomer. elongation occur.ed dur.ng spaceflight and shor.ened after.r.tur. to ***-fr.e DNA analysis r.vealed incr.ased immune cell signatur.s *** significant clonal hematopoiesis of indeter.inate potential(CHIP)or.whole-genome instability was *** long-ter. gene expr.ssion changes acr.ss immune cells suggested cellular.adaptations to the space envir.nment per.isting months *** Our.findings pr.vide valuable insights into the physiological consequences of shor.-dur.tion spaceflight,with telomer. dynamics and immune cell gene expr.ssion adapting to spaceflight and per.isting after.r.tur. to *** sequencing data will ser.e as a r.fer.nce point for.studying the ear.y development of CHIP in astr.nauts,an under.tudied phenomenon as pr.vious studies have focused on car.er.*** study will ser.e as a r.fer.nce point for.futur. commer.ial and non-commer.ial spaceflight,low Ear.h or.it(LEO)missions,and deep-space explor.tion.

关键词： genomes clonal hematopoiesis stability immune mitochondr.a r.bosomes spaceflight

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