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Extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of acute lung injury

军事医学研究:英文版 2023年第4期10卷 478-498页

作者： Qian Hu Shu Zhang Yue Yang jia‑Qi Yao Wen‑Fu Tang Christopher J.Lyon Tony Ye Hu Mei‑Hua Wan Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Emergency Medicine Emergency Medical LaboratoryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis Tulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane Ave.New OrleansLA 70112USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane Ave.New OrleansLA 70112USA West China Hospital(Airport)of Sichuan University Chengdu 610299China

Acute lung injury(ALI)and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)are common life-threatening lung diseases associated with acute and severe inflammation.Both have high mortality rates,and despite decades of research on clinical ALI/ARDS,there are no effective therapeutic strategies.Disruption of alveolar-capillary barrier integrity or activation of inflammatory responses leads to lung inflammation and injury.Recently,studies on the role of extracellular vesicles(EVs)in regulating normal and pathophysiologic cell activities,including inflammation and injury responses,have attracted attention.Injured and dysfunctional cells often secrete EVs into serum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with altered cargoes,which can be used to diagnose and predict the development of ALI/ARDS.EVs secreted by mesenchymal stem cells can also attenuate inflammatory reactions associated with cell dysfunction and injury to preserve or restore cell function,and thereby promote cell proliferation and tissue regeneration.This review focuses on the roles of EVs in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation,particularly ALI/ARDS.

关键词： Acute lung injury(ALI) Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) Extracellular vesicles(EVs) Pulmonary inflammation Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)

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Extracellular vesicle activities regulating macrophage- and tissue-mediated injury and repair responses

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第6期11卷 1493-1512页

作者： Qian Hu Christopher J.Lyon jesse K.Fletcher Wenfu Tang Meihua Wan Tony Y.Hu Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Center of Cellular and Molecular Diagnosis Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112USA Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112USA

Macrophages are typically identified as classically activated(M1) macrophages and alternatively activated(M2) macrophages,which respectively exhibit pro-and anti-inflammatory phenotypes,and the balance between these two subtypes plays a critical role in the regulation of tissue inflammation,injury,and repair processes.Recent studies indicate that tissue cells and macrophages interact via the release of small extracellular vesicles(EVs) in processes where EVs released by stressed tissue cells can promote the activation and polarization of adjacent macrophages which can in turn release EVs and factors that can promote cell stress and tissue inflammation and injury and vice versa.This review discusses the roles of such EVs in resulating such interactions to influence tissue inflammation and injury in a number of acute and chronic inflammatory disease conditions,and the potential applications,advantage and concerns for using EV-based therapeutic approaches to treat such conditions,including their potential role of drug carriers for the treatment of infectious diseases.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles Macrophage Tissue injury Inflammatory disease Interaction loop Stem cell Sepsis Targeted therapy

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血液中羟基化缓激肽作为肿瘤厌氧指标的研究

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Science Bulletin 2020年第18期65卷 1570-1579,M0004页

作者：刘洋谷雅君 Serina Ng 邓载安 Christopher J.Lyon Eugene j.Koay 宁波 Matthew H.Katz Paul j.Chiao 范佳韩海勇 Daniel Von Hoff 胡晔 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of MedicineNew Orleans.LA 70112USA Department of Nanomedicine Houston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX 77030USA Molecular Medicine Division Translational Genomics Research InstitutePhoenixAZ 85004USA Department of Radiation Oncology Division of Radiation OncologyThe University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Surgical Oncology Division of SurgeryThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology Division of Basic SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA

组织缺氧在消化系统、呼吸系统、肾脏疾病和癌症等多种疾病的发生发展中起到关键作用.然而,由于缺乏快速、准确和非侵入性的检测方法,评估组织缺氧情况和预测患者的预后结果仍然具有非常大的挑战性.本文假设血液中Hyp-BK/BK比率可以作... 详细信息

组织缺氧在消化系统、呼吸系统、肾脏疾病和癌症等多种疾病的发生发展中起到关键作用.然而,由于缺乏快速、准确和非侵入性的检测方法,评估组织缺氧情况和预测患者的预后结果仍然具有非常大的挑战性.本文假设血液中Hyp-BK/BK比率可以作为缺氧检测的标志物,以胰腺癌作为研究模型,通过监测Hyp-BK/BK比率可以预测组织缺氧水平以及抗肿瘤治疗的预后情况.研究表明,缺氧条件下肿瘤组织中高表达的P4HA1和治疗前患者血液样本中Hyp-BK/BK比率升高有关,并且两者都与患者预后不良相关.这些结果有力地表明血液中Hyp-BK/BK比率可以作为非侵入性的组织缺氧标志物,对胰腺癌的预后和治疗效果进行预测.

关键词： HIF-1α Hypoxia Circulating indicator Hydroxyprolyl bradykinin P4HA1

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SARS-CoV-2 Epitopes following Infection and Vaccination Overlap Known Neutralizing Antibody Sites

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Research 2022年第2期2022卷 71-84页

作者： Li Yang Te Liang Lane M.Pierson Hongye Wang jesse K.Fletcher Shu Wang Duran Bao Lii Zhang Zhen Huang Wenshu Zheng Xiaomei Zhang Heewon Park Yuwen Li james E.Robinson Amy K.Fechan Christopher J.Lyon jing Cao Lisa A.Morici Chenzhong Li Chad j.Roy Xiaobo Yu Tony Hu Center for Cllular and Molecular Diagnostics Tulane University Schoo of Medicine1430 Tulane AveNew OrleansLA 70112USA Department of Biochemisty and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AveNew OrleansLA 70112USA Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control Bejjing Foresiry UniersilyBeijing 10083.China State Key Laboratory of Proteommics Beijing Protcome Resarch CenterNattional Center for Protein Sciences-Beiing(PHOENIX Center)Beijing Institute of LijfeomicsBeijing 102206China Hayward Genetis Cener Department of PediatricsTulane Universily School of Medicine1430 Tulane AveNew OrleansLA 70112USA Department of Pediatrics Tulane Uhriversity School of Medicine1430 Ttulane AveNew OrleansLA 70112USA Infectious Disease Depariment Ochsner Clinic FoundationNew OrleansLA 70121USA Universty of Texas Souhwestern Medical Cener 5323 Harry Himes BlvdDallasTX 75390USA Department of Microbiology Imruolog Tulane Untiversity School of Medicine 1430 Tulane AveNew OrleansLA 70112USA Division of Microbiology Tulane National Primate Research Center18703 Three Rivers RoadCovingtonLA 70433USA

Identification of epitopes targeted following virus infection or vaccination can guide vaccine design and development of therapeutic interventions targeting functional sites,but can be laborious.Herein,we employed peptide microarrays to map linear peptide epitopes(LPEs)recognized following SARS-CoV-2 infetion and vaccination.LPEs detected by nonhuman primate(NHP)and patient IgMs after SARS-CoV-2 infection extensively overlapped,localized to functionally important virus regions,and aligned with reported neutralizing antibody binding sies.Similar LPE overlap occurred atfter infection and vaccination,with LPE clusters specifc to each stimulus,where strong and conserved LPEs mapping to sites known or likely to inhibit spike protein function.Vaccine-specifc LPEs tended to map to sites known or likely to be afected by structural changes induced by the proline substitutions in the mRNA vaccine's S protein.Mapping LPEs to regions of known functional importance in this manner may acelerate vaccine evaluation and discovery of targets for sile secific therapeutic interventions.

关键词： vaccine Antibody likely

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Enhanced recovery programme in colorectal surgery:Does one size fit all?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第40期18卷 5661-5663页

作者： Alison lyon christopher j Payne Graham j MacKay Specialty Registrar in General Surgery West of Scotland RotationGlasgow G4 0SFUnited Kingdom Lister Department of Surgery Glasgow Royal InfirmaryGlasgow G4 0SFUnited Kingdom

Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS) employs a multimodal perioperative care pathway with the aim of attenuating the stress response to surgery and accelerating recovery.It has been difficult to determine the relative importance of some of the individual components of these pathways such as epidural analgesia and laparoscopic colorectal surgery.Some argue that only a rigid adherence to the published ERAS protocol can achieve the proposed benefits of fast-track surgery.In this article,we explore some of the areas where the evidence base may be changing and ask whether a more flexible and individualised approach should be considered.

关键词：围手术期结直肠癌恢复方案尺寸多式联运应激反应组成部分发生变化

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Studying turbulence structure near the wall in hydrodynamic flows:An approach based on the Schur decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor

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journal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第5期34卷 806-825页

作者： christopher j.Keylock School of Architecture Building and Civil EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUK

The Schur decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor(VGT)is an alternative to the classical Cauchy-Stokes decomposition into rotation rate and strain rate components.Recently,there have been several strands of work that have employed this decomposition to examine the physics of turbulence dynamics,including approaches that combine the Schur and Cauchy-Stokes formalisms.These are briefly reviewed before the latter approach is set out.This partitions the rotation rate and strain rate tensors into normal/local and non-normal/non-local contributions.We then study the relation between the VGT dynamics and ejection-sweep events in a channel flow boundary-layer.We show that the sweeps in particular exhibit novel behaviour compared with either the other quadrants,or the flow in general,with a much-reduced contribution to the dynamics from the non-normal terms above the viscous sub-layer.In particular,the reduction in the production term that is the interaction between the non-normality and the normal straining reduces in the log-layer as a consequence of an absence of alignment between the non-normal vorticity and the strain rate eigenvectors.There have been early forays into using the Schur transform approach for subgrid-scale modelling in large-eddy simulation(LES)and this would appear to be an exciting way forward.

关键词： Turbulence channel flow velocity gradient tensor Schur decomposition

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Repeated hydrogen peroxide dosing briefly reduces cyanobacterial blooms and microcystin while increasing fecal bacteria indicators in a eutrophic pond

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 522-543页

作者： Mark W.Lusty christopher j.Gobler School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook UniversitySouthamptonNY 11968USA

This study explored the effects of H_(2)O_(2)on Cyanobacteria and non-target microbes using fluorometry,microscopy,flow cytometry,and high throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene during a series of mesocosm and whole-ecosystem experiments in a eutrophic pond in NY,USA.The addition of H_(2)O_(2)(8 mg/L)significantly reduced Cyanobacteria concentrations during a majority of experiments(66%;6 of 9)and significantly increased eukaryotic green and unicellular brown algae in 78%and 45%of experiments,respectively.While heterotrophic bacteria declined significantly following H_(2)O_(2)addition in all experiments,bacteria indicative of potential fecal contamination(Escherichia coli,Enterococcus,fecal coliform bacteria)consistently and significantly increased in response to H_(2)O_(2),evidencing a form of‘pollution swapping’.H_(2)O_(2)more effectively reduced Cyanobacteria in enclosed mesocosms compared to whole-ecosystem applications.Ten whole-pond H_(2)O_(2)applications over a twoyear period temporarily reduced cyanobacterial levels but never reduced concentrations below bloom thresholds and populations always rebounded in two weeks or less.The bacterial phyla of Cyanobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Planctomycetes were the most negatively impacted by H_(2)O_(2).Microcystis was always reduced by H_(2)O_(2),as was the toxin microcystin,but Microcystis remained dominant even after repeated H_(2)O_(2)treatments.Although H_(2)O_(2)favored the growth of eukaryotic algae over potentially harmful Cyanobacteria,the inability of H_(2)O_(2)to end cyanobacterial blooms in this eutrophic waterbody suggests it is a non-ideal mitigation approach in high biomass ecosystems and should be used judiciously due to potential negative impacts on non-target organisms and promotion of bacteria indicative of fecal contamination.

关键词： Indicator bacteria Toxic cyanobacteria Microcystin Microcystis Hydrogen peroxide Bacteria Enterococcus E.coli Pollution swapping

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Functional nasal surgery in the office-based setting

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World journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2023年第3期9卷 236-241页

作者： Alia j.Mowery christopher R.Razavi Department of Otolaryngology Johns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Otolaryngology School of MedicineOregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA

Objective:Nasal obstruction is a very common problem often addressed by functional nasal surgery.Increasingly,these procedures are being performed in the office setting secondary to decreased down time,cost,and obviation of general anesthesia.Our goal with this review is to discuss how to appropriately select patients for office-based procedures,what procedures may be considered,and current outcomes with in-office functional nasal surgery.Data Sources:PubMed,Scopus,Google Scholar.Methods:Research databases were searched for articles discussing techniques for performing functional nasal surgery in an office setting,and outcomes of various in-office functional nasal procedures.Results:Studies found and included in this review discuss many aspects of office-based functional nasal surgery,including practical points on patient selection and office set-up,what procedures can safely be performed,and outcomes of different techniques to address specific problems.Broadly,procedures amenable to performance in the office address the internal and external nasal valves,the nasal septum,and the inferior turbinates.Conclusion:A wide range of techniques to aaddress the nasal valves,septum,and inferior turbinates can be performed in a safe and effective manner without the need for an operative suite.

关键词： nasal obstruction nasal surgical procedures office surgery reconstructive surgery

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Development process for a higher capacity Propsetter~ system

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第1期28卷 121-126页

作者： christopher j.Brown Product Development-Strata Worldwide LLC

As longwall tailgate support technologies continue to be developed and improved, strata worldwide has worked to design and manufacture a revised Propsetter to provide additional support capacity and enable applications at greater mine heights.The support is targeted for tailgate applications, however, it can also be utilized for roof support in various types of mining environments.This paper describes the design changes for enhancing the support capacity of the Propsetter to more closely align its performance with other support technologies currently being employed in longwall tailgates.Balancing changes to each design aspect of the Propsetter was key to successfully improving the roof support's load capacity while maintaining controlled deformation.Increasing the load capacity would allow a mine to improve support efficiency with a smaller, less intrusive support compared to support alternatives and reduce the cost per foot of supported entry.The target support capacity was 711–890 k N at 50 mm of deformation to more closely match the performance of competing tailgate supports such as the 610 mm-diameter CAN~.To achieve this goal, changes were made to all design aspects of the Propsetter: diameter, wedge cut depth and angle, pod size, and confinement rings.Test results from the NIOSH Mine Roof Simulator verified that these design changes were successful in increasing the capacity of the Propsetter to the 711–890 k N range at fifty mms of deformation.

关键词： Propsetter Can Longwall mining Tailgate roof support Controlled deformation

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Plasma-catalysis: Is it just a question of scale?

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第2期13卷 264-273页

作者： j.christopher Whitehead School of Chemistry The University of ManchesterManchester M13 9PLUK

The issues of describing and understanding the changes in performance that result when a catalyst is placed into plasma are discussed. The different chemical and physical interactions that result and how their combination might produce beneficial results for the plasma-catalytic processing of different gas streams are outlined with particular emphasis being placed on the different range of spatial and temporal scales that must be considered both in experiment and modelling. The focus is on non-thermal plasma where the lack of thermal equilibrium creates a range of temperature scales that must be considered. This contributes in part to a wide range of inhomogeneity in different properties such as species concentrations and electric fields that must be determined experimentally by in situ methods and be incorporated into modelling. It is concluded that plasmacatalysis is best regarded as conventional catalysis perturbed by the presence of a discharge, which modifies its operating conditions, properties and outcomes often in a very localised way. The sometimes used description "plasma-activated catalysis" is an apt one.

关键词： plasma catalysis plasma-activated catalysis non-thermal plasma CO2 conversion

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