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创伤患者的输血管理

麻醉与镇痛 2012年第2期8卷 20-28页

作者： BethH．Shaz Beth H. Shaz christopher j. dente Robert S. Harris j.na B. MacLeod christopher D. Hillyer 孙世伟（译）陈卫民（校） Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Atlanta Georgia Departments of Surgery Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia Departments of anesthesia Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia

随着对创伤性凝血功能障碍的机制和晶体输液局限性的进一步了解，以及大量输血方案（massivetransfusionproto。col，MTP）的建立，对需要大量输血的创伤患者的管理有了一定的改善。MTP包括输血管理及为减轻致死性三联征（低温、酸中毒... 详细信息

随着对创伤性凝血功能障碍的机制和晶体输液局限性的进一步了解，以及大量输血方案（massivetransfusionproto。col，MTP）的建立，对需要大量输血的创伤患者的管理有了一定的改善。MTP包括输血管理及为减轻致死性三联征（低温、酸中毒、凝血功能障碍）的措施。近来的数据显示早期积极地利用近似于全血的血制品来进行输血急救能够明显降低死亡率，因此目前在美国和世界范围内MTP有了新的改变。本文中MTP是急救措施中的关键因素，它被定义为对已有致死性三联征的严重创伤患者的一种系统性的治疗方法。MTP需要用足量的血浆及凝血因子来改善患者的预后。目前，在MTP中对于输入的血浆、血小板、冷沉淀以及其他凝血因子的剂量与输入红细胞的剂量间的精确比例并不清楚。目前，在尚未得到前瞻性的随机临床试验的结果时，较倾向于血浆：红细胞：血小板的比例为1：1：1。未来仍需进一步的前瞻性临床试验完善MTP，以提高创伤患者的整体治疗水平。

关键词：创伤患者输血管理凝血功能障碍随机临床试验大量输血凝血因子 MTP 数据显示

Himalayan Tectonics:Preface

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 791-792页

作者： Kyle Larson christopher j. Spencer Tectonics and Geodynamics Earth Environmental and Geographical Sciences IKBSAS University of British Columbia Earth Dynamics Research Group The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR) Department of Applied Geology Curtin University

The Himalayan-Tibetan orogen system serves as the modern paradigm for understanding convergence-related processes in orogenic belts. The advancements made studying the region have been applied to other ancient orogenic belts leading not only to a better understanding of their development, but also of secular changes in collisional processes. As more advanced methodologies are introduced and utilized in geological research, the type, scale, and quality of data available enable quantification of geological processes not previously possible. These complex and robust datasets now form the core of many of the research proj.cts undertaken across the Himalaya and continue to provide unprecedented insight into the myriad different aspects of the evolution of the collisional system.

关键词： Himalayan-Tibetan system evolution

Studying turbulence structure near the wall in hydrodynamic flows:An approach based on the Schur decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor

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j.urnal of Hydrodynamics 2022年第5期34卷 806-825页

作者： christopher j.Keylock School of Architecture Building and Civil EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLeicestershireUK

The Schur decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor(VGT)is an alternative to the classical Cauchy-Stokes decomposition into rotation rate and strain rate ***,there have been several strands of work that have employed this decomposition to examine the physics of turbulence dynamics,including approaches that combine the Schur and Cauchy-Stokes *** are briefly reviewed before the latter approach is set *** partitions the rotation rate and strain rate tensors into normal/local and non-normal/non-local *** then study the relation between the VGT dynamics and ej.ction-sweep events in a channel flow *** show that the sweeps in particular exhibit novel behaviour compared with either the other quadrants,or the flow in general,with a much-reduced contribution to the dynamics from the non-normal terms above the viscous *** particular,the reduction in the production term that is the interaction between the non-normality and the normal straining reduces in the log-layer as a consequence of an absence of alignment between the non-normal vorticity and the strain rate *** have been early forays into using the Schur transform approach for subgrid-scale modelling in large-eddy simulation(LES)and this would appear to be an exciting way forward.

关键词： Turbulence channel flow velocity gradient tensor Schur decomposition

Synthesis and Bioassay of 4-Substituted 2-Oxoglutaric Acids

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2006年第2期17卷 156-158页

作者： Qiu Yun CHEN Qing Shan LIU christopher j. SCHOFIELD Department of Chemistry Huangshan University Tunxi 245021 Department of Chemistry University of Oxford South Park Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK

Three 2-oxoglutaric acid analogues were synthesized. Their interaction with factor- inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor （FIH） was studied using LC-MS method. The results show that hydrophobic substitutes of 2-oxoglu... 详细信息

关键词： 2-Oxoglutatic acid analogues inhibitor.

Development process for a higher capacity Propsetter~ system

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International j.urnal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第1期28卷 121-126页

作者： christopher j.Brown Product Development-Strata Worldwide LLC

As longwall tailgate support technologies continue to be developed and improved, strata worldwide has worked to design and manufacture a revised Propsetter to provide additional support capacity and enable applications at greater mine *** support is targeted for tailgate applications, however, it can also be utilized for roof support in various types of mining *** paper describes the design changes for enhancing the support capacity of the Propsetter to more closely align its performance with other support technologies currently being employed in longwall *** changes to each design aspect of the Propsetter was key to successfully improving the roof support's load capacity while maintaining controlled *** the load capacity would allow a mine to improve support efficiency with a smaller, less intrusive support compared to support alternatives and reduce the cost per foot of supported *** target support capacity was 711–890 k N at 50 mm of deformation to more closely match the performance of competing tailgate supports such as the 610 mm-diameter CAN~.To achieve this goal, changes were made to all design aspects of the Propsetter: diameter, wedge cut depth and angle, pod size, and confinement *** results from the NIOSH Mine Roof Simulator verified that these design changes were successful in increasing the capacity of the Propsetter to the 711–890 k N range at fifty mms of deformation.

关键词： Propsetter Can Longwall mining Tailgate roof support Controlled deformation

Plasma-catalysis: Is it j.st a question of scale?

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019年第2期13卷 264-273页

作者： j.christopher Whitehead School of Chemistry The University of ManchesterManchester M13 9PLUK

The issues of describing and understanding the changes in performance that result when a catalyst is placed into plasma are discussed. The different chemical and physical interactions that result and how their combination might produce beneficial results for the plasma-catalytic processing of different gas streams are outlined with particular emphasis being placed on the different range of spatial and temporal scales that must be considered both in experiment and modelling. The focus is on non-thermal plasma where the lack of thermal equilibrium creates a range of temperature scales that must be considered. This contributes in part to a wide range of inhomogeneity in different properties such as species concentrations and electric fields that must be determined experimentally by in situ methods and be incorporated into modelling. It is concluded that plasmacatalysis is best regarded as conventional catalysis perturbed by the presence of a discharge, which modifies its operating conditions, properties and outcomes often in a very localised way. The sometimes used description "plasma-activated catalysis" is an apt one.

关键词： plasma catalysis plasma-activated catalysis non-thermal plasma CO2 conversion

Expression of octopaminergic receptor genes in 4 nonneural tissues in female Nicrophorus vespilloides beetles

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Insect Science 2015年第4期22卷 495-502页

作者： christopher B. Cunningham Mary K. Douthit Allen j. Moore Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Octopamine regulates the function of many tissues and physiological processes in invertebrates. The expression of octopamine receptor genes has been examined in multiple tissue types in several different insect orders. However, little work has addressed this issue in Coleoptera. Most studies characterize individual genes in different tissue types, but here we describe the expression of 6 octopamine receptor genes in thoracic musculature, oviducts, Malpighian tubules, and fat body of female Nicrophorus vespilloides beetles to characterize both different genes and different tissues within a single study. We then compare the gene expression profiles found in this beetle to other insects to examine the extent to which expression profiles are conserved across insects. We also examine the relative involvement of octopamine verses octopamine/tyramine receptors based on receptor gene expression in each tissue to help elucidate if tyramine plays a role in the regulation of these tissues. We find a high degree of overlap in the expression profile of the 6 genes examined in the thoracic muscula^tre, a moderate amount for the oviducts, and divergent profiles for Malpighian tubules and fat body. Based on expression difference in receptor subtypes, our results also support the suggestion that tyramine is a biogenic amine with physiological actions separate from octopamine.

关键词： biogenic amines Coleoptera G-protein coupled receptors quantitative real-time PCR

IgG and fibrinogen driven nanoparticle aggregation

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Nano Research 2015年第8期8卷 2733-2743页

作者： Risto Cukalevski Silvia A. Ferreira christopher j. Dunning Tord Berggard Tommy Cedervall Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology Centre for Molecular Protein Science Chemical Centre Lund University PO Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden Centre for Biological Engineering University of Minho Campus Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal Neuronal Survival Unit Department of Experimental Medical Science Wallenberg Neuroscience Center Lund University BMC B 11 22184 Lund Sweden Alligator Bioscience AB Lund Sweden

A thorough understanding of how proteins induce nanoparticle （NP） aggregation is crucial when designing in vitro and in vivo assays and interpreting experimental results. This knowledge is also crucial when developing nano-applications and formulation for drug delivery systems. In this study, we found that extraction of immunoglobulin G （IgG） from cow serum results in lower polystyrene NPs aggregation. Moreover, addition of isolated IgG or fibrinogen to fetal cow serum enhanced this aggregation, thus demonstrating that these factors are maj.r drivers of NP aggregation in serum. Counter-intuitively, NP aggregation was inversely dependent on protein concentration; i.e., low protein concentrations induced large aggregates, whereas high protein concentrations induced small aggregates. Protein-induced NP aggregation and aggregate size were monitored by absorbance at 400 nm and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Here, we propose a mechanism behind the protein concentration dependent aggregation; this mechanism involves the effects of multiple protein interactions on the NP surface, surface area limitations, aggregation kinetics, and the influence of other serum proteins.

关键词： nanoparticles(NPs) protein coron aggregation immunoglobulin

Endocasts-the direct evidence and recent advances in the study of human brain evolution

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第9期17卷 993-1002页

作者： christopher j.Norton 86011-4099 AZ Beij.ng 100044 China Flagstaff Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Quaternary Paleontology Northern Arizona University USA

Brain evolution is one of the most important aspects of human evolution,usually studied through *** of fossil hominid endocasts allows inferences on functional anatomy,physiology,and *** this paper,we describe the general features of endocast studies and review some of the maj.r topics in *** are:absolute and relative brain size evolution;brain shape variation;brain asymmetry and lateralization;middle meningeal vessels and venous sinuses;application of computed tomography and virtual imaging;the history of Chinese brain endocast *** particular,this review emphasizes endocast studies on Chinese hominin fossils.

关键词： endocast human fossil brain evolution cranial capacity human evolution