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Extracellular matrices, artificial neural scaffolds and the promise of neural regeneration

Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第17期9卷 1573-1577页

作者： Christian B.Ricks Samuel S.Shin christopher becker Ramesh Grandhi Department of Neurological Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine PittsburghPAUSA

Over last 20 years, extracellular matrices have been shown to be useful in promoting tissue regeneration. Recently, they have been used and have had success in achieving neurogenesis. Recent developments in extracellular matrix design have allowed their successful in vivo incorporation to engender an environment favorable for neural regeneration in animal models. Promising treatments under investigation include manipulation of the intrinsic extracellular matrix and incorporation of engineered naometer-sized scaffolds through which inhibition of molecules serving as barriers to neuroregeneration and delivery of neurotrophic factors and/or cells for successful tissue regeneration can be achieved. Further understanding of the changes incurred within the extracellular matrix following central nervous system injury will undoubtedly help design a clinically efficacious extracellular matrix scaffold that can mitigate or reverse neural degeneration in the clinical setting.

关键词： extraceUular matrix neurogenesis scaffolds neural stem cells

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Agricultural growing season calendars derived from MODIS surface reflectance

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第3期8卷 173-197页

作者： Alyssa K.Whitcraft Inbal becker-Reshef christopher O.Justice Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

In order to secure the necessary image acquisitions for global agricultural monitoring applications,we must first articulate Earth observation(EO)requirements for diverse agricultural landscapes and cropping *** to this task is the identification of agricultural growing season timing at a meaningful spatial scale,so as to better define the necessary periods of image *** this end,10 years of MODIS Terra Surface Reflectance imagery have been used to determine phenological transition dates including start of season,peak period,and end of season at 0.5°*** is the first set of global,satellite-derived,cropland-specific calendar dates for major field crops within a 0.5°,herein called agricultural growing season calendars Preliminary comparison against ground-based crop-specific calendars is performed,highlighting the utility of this approach for articulating growing season timing and its interannual and within-region *** research provides critical inputs for defining the EO requirements for the Global Agricultural Monitoring initiative(GEOGLAM),an effort by the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)to synergize existing national and regional observation systems for improved agricultural production and food security monitoring.

关键词： agriculture vegetation indices Earth observation data acquisition remote sensing

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Cross-Polarized GPR Imaging of Fracture Flow Channeling

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第6期26卷 776-784页

作者： Georgios P.Tsoflias christopher Perll Matthew Baker Matthew W.becker Department of Geology the University of Kansas Chesapeake Energy Marathon Oil Corporation California State University Long Beach

Ground penetrating radar（GPR） can be used to image fractures and monitor fluid flow in the subsurface. Conventional GPR imaging uses single-polarization, co-polarized acquisition. We examine the use of cross-polarized GPR signals for imaging flow channeling in a discrete horizontal fracture. Numerical modeling（FDTD） demonstrates that when the fracture channel is oriented at an oblique angle to the survey line, depolarization of the GPR signal results in scattered energy along the cross-polarized components. When the channel is oriented parallel or orthogonal to the survey line, all scattered energy is captured by the co-polarized components and no signal is present in the cross-polarized orientation. Multipolarization, time-lapse 3D GPR field data were acquired at the Altona Flat Rock test site in New York State. The GPR surveys were conducted during background fresh fracture water conditions and during a natural gradient saline tracer test which was used to highlight flow channels along a sub-horizontal fracture. Amplitude analysis of the cross-polarized data reveals flow channeling that is in agreement with the co-polarized GPR images and with independent hydraulic tests. This investigation demonstrates that cross-polarized components of GPR signals can be used to enhance imaging of flow channels in fractured media.

关键词： GPR single-polarization cross-polarized data rapid flow saline tracer fractured rock.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma after Iocoregional therapy:Magnetic resonance imaging findings in falsely negative exams

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第16期8卷 685-690页

作者： David becker-Weidman Jesse M Civan Sandeep P Deshmukh christopher G Roth Steven K Herrine Laurence Parker Donald G Mitchell Department of Radiology Thomas Jefferson University Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineThomas Jefferson University

AIM:To elucidate causes for false negative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)exams by identifying imaging characteristics that predict viable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in lesions previously treated with locoregional therapy when obvious findings of recurrence are ***:This retrospective institutional review board-approved and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant study included patients who underwent liver transplantation at our center between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2012 after being treated for HCC with locoregional *** selected patients had a contrast-enhanced MRI after locoregional therapy within 90 d of transplant that was prospectively interpreted as without evidence of residual or ***,2 radiologists,blinded to clinica and pathological data,independently reviewed the pre transplant MRIs for 7 imaging *** explan histopathology provided the reference standard,with clinically significant tumor defined as viable tumor≥1.0cm in maximum ***’s exact test was firs performed to identify significant imaging ***:Inclusion criteria selected for 42 patients with 65 treated *** of 42 patients(33%and 16 of 65 treated lesions(25%)had clinically significant viable tumor on explant *** o the 7 imaging findings examined could reliably and reproducibly determine which treated lesion had viable tumor when the exam had been prospectively read as without evidence of viable ***:After locoregional therapy some treated lesions that do not demonstrate any MRI evidence o HCC will contain viable *** such even patients with a negative MRI following treatment should receive regular short-term imaging surveillance because some have occult viable *** possibility of occult tumo should be a consideration when contemplating any action which might delay liver transplant.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Transarterial chemoembolization Tumor recurrence Locoregional therapy Imaging surveillance

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质子转移反应质谱仪的技术改进及其在新领域中的应用

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生命科学仪器 2011年第5期9卷 23-25页

作者： Philipp SULZER Alfons JORDAN Lukas MARK christopher A. MAYHEW Kurt becker Tilmann D. MARK IONICON Analytik GmbH Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 3 6020 InnsbruckAustria Molecular PhysicsGroup School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham U.K. Dr Dept. of Physics Polytechnic Institute of New York University Brooklyn NY U.S.A. Dr. T~ Institut fur Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Leopold Franzens Universitat （Innsbruck Austria）l

质子转移反应质谱仪(PTR-MS)拥有着独特的发展历程。1995年,世界上只有两个刊物报道这个相对陌生的技术。现在PTR-MS技术已经比较成熟,本文就其最新技术发展和新领域应用进行深入地讨论。

关键词：质子转移反应技术改进质谱仪应用最新技术

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