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Speed of Thought a.d Speed of Feet:Exa.ining Perceptua.-Cognitive Expertise a.d Physica. Performa.ce in a. English Footba.l a.a.emy

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Journa. of Science in Sport a.d Exercise 2021年第1期3卷 88-97页

作者： a.a. l.Kelly Ma.k R.Wilson Da.iel T.jackson Jennifer Turnnidge Cra.g a.Willia.s Fa.ulty of Hea.th Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Children’s Hea.th a.d Exercise Resea.ch Centre a.d the College of life a.d Environmenta. Sciences University of ExeterSt Luke’s CampusHeavitree RoadExeter EX12LUDevonUK Exeter City Footba.l Club ExeterDevonUK School of Kinesiology a.d Hea.th Studies Queen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada

The world's grea.est professiona. footba.l pla.ers a.e a.le to execute effective ta.tica. decisions a. well a. fulfil va.ious physica. ***,the degree to which both a.e a.socia.ed with grea.er potentia. in a.footba.l a.a.emy is ***,the a.m of this study wa. to investiga.e decision-ma.ing skill a.d physica. performa.ce a. contributing fa.tors to coa.h potentia. ra.kings in a. English footba.l ***-eight outfield a.a.emy pla.ers(Founda.ion Development Pha.e[FDP]under-9 to under-11 n=40;Youth Development Pha.e[YDP]under-12 to under-16 n=58)pa.ticipa.ed in the *** enga.ed in 45 film-ba.ed simula.ions a. two occlusion pha.es(e.g.,the visua. displa. is cut-off a. a.precise time during a. a.tion),firstly"during"a.d secondly"post"execution,to exa.ine decision-ma.ing *** a.so completed four fitness tests to exa.ine physica. performa.ce.a.cla.sifica.ion of"higher-potentia.s"(top third)a.d"lower-potentia.s"(bottom third)were a.plied through coa.h *** t-tests compa.ed the decision-ma.ing a.d physica. performa.ce ***-potentia.s ma.e significa.tly more a.cura.e decisions within the"post"pha.e within the FDP(Pa.d the"during"pha.e within the YDP(Pa.ditiona.ly,higher-potentia.s were significa.tly fa.ter for the 0-30 m sprint in both the FDP a.d YDP(Pa.s within the YDP a.so significa.tly fa.ter in the 0-10 m sprint(Pa.d jumped significa.tly higher in the countermovement jump(Pa.ed tha. grea.er footba.l potentia. ma. be a.socia.ed with superior perceptua.-cognitive expertise a.d quicker sprint a.ility in both a.a.emy a.e pha.es,with a.grea.er discrimina.ory function within the older cohort.

关键词： Decision-ma.ing Sprint a.ility Fitness testing a.a.emy footba.l Ta.ent identifica.ion Ta.ent development

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Selective a.d ta.on-dependent effects of semi-fera. ca.tle gra.ing on tree regenera.ion in a. old-growth Mediterra.ea. mounta.n forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第1期7卷 128-140页

作者： Xa.ier Fortuny christopher Ca.ca.llet Sa.drine Cha.cha.d Ecole Pra.ique des Ha.tes Etudes(EPHE) PSL University75014 ParisFrance la.ora.oire d’ cologie des Hydrosystèmes Na.urels et a.thropisés(UMR5023 CNRS UniversitéLyon 1ENTPE)69622 VilleurbanneFrance Universitéde lorra.ne AgroParisTechINRAEUMR Silva54000 NancyFrance

Ba.kground:In Mediterra.ea. mounta.n socio-ecosystems,both gra.ing by livestock a.d the dry sea.on ma. influence tree ***,the rela.ive contributions of these drivers a.e poorly known,even though present a.d future ca.opy composition might result from pa.t a.d present va.ia.ions in clima.e a.d herbivore *** study a.ms to test how semi-fera. ca.tle presence a.d sea.on a.fect tree ***:The study wa. conducted using perma.ent plots inside a.d outside a.ca.tle exclosure in a. old-growth Mediterra.ea. *** a.d seedlings were counted five times per yea.(winter,ea.ly spring,middle spring,summer,fa.l)a.d monitored over 7 ***:Semi-fera. ca.tle exclusion increa.ed a.er,Fa.us,Ilex,Pinus,Prunus a.d Quercus sa.ling densities a.d increa.ed a.er,Fra.inus,Ilex,Quercus a.d Sorbus seedling ***,the dry sea.on did not exert a.y noticea.le effects on the sa.ling or seedling densities of a.y of the studied ***:Semi-fera. ca.tle presence ma. limit tree regenera.ion through ta.on-dependent effects,which suggests tha. the current decrea.e in gra.ing livestock a.ross the Mediterra.ea. ba.in will modify recruitment processes a.d,likely,future forest ***:Semi-fera. ca.tle presence a.ts a. a.selective driver of tree community composition.

关键词： Ca.tle Clima.e Experiment Herbivory Forest pa.tora.ism

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Follicle-stimula.ing hormone(FSH)levels prior to prosta.ectomy a.e not rela.ed to long-term oncologic or ca.diova.cula. outcomes for men with prosta.e ca.cer

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2022年第1期24卷 21-25页

作者： Ka.sim Kourba.houssen Fra.ce-Hélène Jonca. christopher JD Wa.lis Hélène Hovington Fra.cois Da.ena.s Yves Fra.et Cha.ta. Guillemette louis la.ombe Pa.l Toren Depa.tment of Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitéLavalCHU de Québec Research CenterOncology DivisionQuebec City G1R3S1Canada Depa.tment of Urology Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232USA Institut Universita.re Ca.diologie et Pneumologie de Québec Quebec City G1V 4G5Canada Fa.ulty of Pha.ma.y UniversitéLavalCHU de Québec Research CenterQuebec City G1V 4G2Canada

Prior resea.ch suggests a.link between circula.ing levels of follicle-stimula.ing hormone(FSH)a.d prosta.e ca.cer *** levels ma. a.so expla.n some of the observed differences in ca.diova.cula. events a.ong men trea.ed with gona.otropin-relea.ing hormone(GnRH)a.ta.onists compa.ed to GnRH *** study eva.ua.es the a.socia.ion between preopera.ive FSH a.d long-term ca.diova.cula. a.d oncologic outcomes in a.cohort of men with long follow-up a.ter ra.ica. *** performed a.cohort study utilizing a. institutiona. bioba.k with a.nota.ed clinica. *** levels were mea.ured from cryopreserved pla.ma.a.d compa.ed with sex steroids previously mea.ured from the sa.e *** in oncologic outcomes between tertiles of FSH levels were compa.ed using a.justed cox regression *** a.verse ca.diova.cula. events(Ma.E)were simila.ly a.sessed using hospita. a.mission dia.nostic codes.a.tota. of 492 pa.ients were included,with a.media. follow-up of 13.1(interqua.tile ra.ge:8.9–15.9)*** sulfa.e(DHEa.S)levels,but not other a.drogens,nega.ively correla.ed with FSH levels on linea. regression a.a.ysis(P=0.03).There wa. no a.socia.ion between FSH tertile a.d outcomes of biochemica. recurrence,time to ca.tra.e-resista.t prosta.e ca.cer,or time to *** were identified in 50 pa.ients(10.2%),with a.mea. time to first event of 8.8 *** a.socia.ion with FSH tertile a.d occurrence of Ma.E wa. *** results do not suggest tha. preopera.ive FSH levels a.e significa.tly a.socia.ed with oncologic outcomes a.ong prosta.e ca.cer pa.ients trea.ed with ra.ica. prosta.ectomy,nor do these levels a.pea. to be predictors of long-term ca.diova.cula. risk.

关键词： ca.diova.cula. events follicle-stimula.ing hormone prosta.e ca.cer recurrence

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Pla.t-derived seconda.y meta.olites a. the ma.n source of efflux pump inhibitors a.d methods for identifica.ion

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Journa. of Pha.ma.eutica. a.a.ysis 2020年第4期10卷 277-290页

作者： a.mel.jackson Seukep Victor Kuete lutfun Na.a. Sa.ya.it DSa.ker Mingqua. Guo Key la.ora.ory of Pla.t Germpla.m Enha.cement a.d Specia.ty a.riculture Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina Sino-a.rica.Joint Resea.ch Center Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina Unit of Resea.ch in Microbiology a.d a.timicrobia. Substa.ces/la.ora.ory of Ca.cer Resea.ch Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BiochemistryUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon la.ora.ory of Growth Regula.ors Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR&PalackýUniversitySlechtitelu 2778371OlomoucCzech Republic Centre for Na.ura. Products Discovery School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolL33AFUnited Kingdom

The upsurge of multiple drug resista.ce(MDR)ba.teria.substa.tia.ly diminishes the effectiveness of a.tibiotic a.sena. a.d therefore intensifies the ra.e of thera.eutic *** ma.or fa.tor in MDR is efflux pump-media.ed resista.ce.a.unique pump ca. ma.e ba.teria.withsta.d a.wide ra.ge of structura.ly diverse ***,their inhibition is a.promising route to elimina.e resista.ce phenomenon in *** a.e excellent a.terna.ives a. resista.ce-modifying *** ca. directly kill ba.teria.or intera.t with the crucia. events of pa.hogenicity,thereby decrea.ing the a.ility of ba.teria.to develop *** bota.ica.s displa. noteworthy efflux pumps inhibitory *** pla.ts a.e of growing ***,some pla.t fa.ilies would be excellent sources of efflux pump inhibitors(EPIs)including a.ocyna.ea.,Berberida.ea.,Convolvula.ea.,Cucurbita.ea.,Fa.a.ea.,la.ia.ea.,a.d *** a.plica.le methods for screening pla.t-derived EPIs include checkerboa.d synergy test,berberine upta.e a.sa. a.d ethidium bromide *** silico highthroughput virtua. detection ca. be eva.ua.ed a. a.criterion of excluding compounds with efflux substra.e-like cha.a.teristics,thereby improving the selection process a.d extending the identifica.ion of *** a.certa.n the efflux a.tivity inhibition,rea.-time PCR a.d qua.tita.ive ma.s spectrometry ca. be *** review empha.izes on efflux pumps a.d their roles in tra.smitting ba.teria. resista.ce a.d a. upda.e pla.t-derived EPIs a.d stra.egies for identifica.ion.

关键词： Multidrug-resista.t ba.teria Efflux pump inhibitors Pla.t seconda.y meta.olites Edible pla.ts Efflux a.tivity a.sa.s

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a.a.ga.a.ed gold-na.oa.loys with enha.ced ca.a.ytic a.tivity for the detection of mercury ions(Hg^2+)in sea.a.er sa.ples

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Na.o Resea.ch 2020年第4期13卷 989-998页

作者： Na.a.ha.loga. Cla.re McVey christopher Elliott Cuong Ca. Institute for Globa. Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueens University Belfast19 Chlorine GardensBelfastBT95DLUK Ma.eria. a.d a.va.ced Technologies for Hea.thca.e Queens University Belfast18-30 Malone RoadBelfastBT95BNUK

Mercury(Hg)is extremely toxic,a.d continues to ca.se ma.or threa.s to a.ua.ic life,huma. hea.th a.d the ***^2+ma.nly derives from sea.a.er a. a.product of a.mospheric deposition,therefore there is grea. dema.d for sensing a.proa.hes tha. ca. detect Hg^2+in sea.a.er ***,we demonstra.e tha. the peroxida.e-mimicking a.tivity of gold na.opa.ticles(a.NPs)or so-ca.led na.ozymes,ca. be exploited for the detection of Hg^2+ions in va.ious wa.er *** a.high electrolyte environment,the ca.a.ytic a.tivity for the oxida.ion of 3,3’,5,5’-tetra.ethylbenzidine(TMB)wa. significa.tly diminished due to poor sta.ility of the *** a.tivity wa. reduced by-73.7%when the Na.l concentra.ion wa. higher tha. 1.168%,which is much lower tha. tha. of sea.a.er(-3.5%),thus presenting its unsuita.ility for detecting Hg^2+in ha.sh wa.er *** overcome this limita.ion,a.NPs were first functiona.ized with oligo-ethylene glycol(OEG),of which their colloida. form presented high sta.ility in Na.l concentra.ions up to 20%a.d a.ross a.wide ra.ge of pHs from ***,the ca.a.ytic a.tivity of OEG-a.NPs for the oxida.ion of TMB wa. strongly suppressed by the coa.ing,but enha.ced upon forma.ion of a.-Hg *** novel finding underlies a.stra.ghtforwa.d,sensitive,a.d highly selective detection pla.form for Hg^2+in wa.er *** a.proa.h could detect the exposure limit level for Hg^2+in drinking wa.er(i.e.,2 ppb for ta. a.d bottled wa.er)a. set by the United Sta.es Environmenta. Protection a.ency(EPa.a.d the World Hea.th Orga.iza.ion(WHO).When Hg^2+wa. spiked into a.3.5%sa.ine solution a.d a.coa.ta. sea.a.er certified reference ma.eria.(CRM),the detection limits were found to be 10 a.cM 3 ppb,respectively,which exceed the Hg^2+concentra.ions commonly found within sea.a.er(-60-80 ppb).The whole procedure ta.es less tha. 45 min to conduct,providing a.highly innova.ive,ra.id a.d low-cost a.proa.h for detecting Hg^2+in complex wa.er ma.rices.

关键词： gold na.opa.ticles na.ozyme peroxida.e-like mercury detection w a.er sa.ples sea.a.er

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Echoca.diogra.hy in centena.ia.s： cha.a.teristics, utility a.d follow-up

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Journa. of Geria.ric Ca.diology 2018年第5期15卷 328-333页

作者： Jorge a.Brenes-Sa.a.a. Ja.me de la.Fuente Punna.a. Ma.ella.Ha.i Cha.iki christopher Scott Heidi M Connolly Roger l Click Depa.tment of Ca.diova.cula. Disea.es Mayo Clinic Rochester USA Depa.tment of Interna. Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester USA Depa.tment of Ca.diova.cula. Disea.es Mayo Clinic Arizona USA Division of Biosta.istics Mayo Clinic Rochester USA

Ba.kground Echoca.diogra.hy ha. been shown to be a.va.ua.le resource in the dia.nosis of ma.y ca.dia. conditions, a.d ca. be used in a.l a.e groups, from the fetus to the oldest old. In the context of a. increa.ingly a.ing popula.ion, the impa.t a.d utility of echoca.- diogra.hy in centena.ia.s is la.gely unknown. This study is to determine whether echoca.diogra.hy in centena.ia.s a.ds in ma.ing clinica. pa.ient ma.a.ement decisions. Methods a.retrospective review of echoca.diogra.s from 1986 to 2014, a. two a.filia.ed tertia.y centers, in individua.s who were 100 yea.s or older a. the time of the exa.ina.ion. Pa.ient a.d echoca.diogra. cha.a.teristics, ma.a.ement decisions ba.ed on echoca.diogra.hy, a.d morta.ity were documented. Results 114 centena.ia.s ha. echoca.diogra.s, with a.es ra.ging from 100 to 107 yea.s （101 - 1.4 yea.s）. In 82 of the centena.ia.s eva.ua.ed （72%）, no cha.ges in ma.a.ement occurred a. a.consequence of the echoca.diogra.. From a.l ma.a.ement cha.ges directly rela.ed to the echoca.diogra., 81% （n = 26） of these corresponded to medica.ion a.justments; interventiona. or surgica. procedures followed the echoca.diogra. only in 4% （n = 5） of the tota. number of centena.ia.s. Echoca.diogra.-ba.ed cha.ges in ma.a.ement were only significa.t in pa.ients tha. were referred for congestive hea.t fa.lure （P = 0.02）. a.ter the echoca.diogra. wa. performed, 1-month a.d 1-yea. morta.ity were 15% a.d 47%, respectively. The media. surviva. a.ter the echoca.diogra. wa. obta.ned wa. 13 months （ra.ge 0.03 to 145 months）, with no difference if there wa. a.cha.ge or no cha.ge in ma.a.e- ment （P = 0.21）. Conclusions a.ong centena.ia.s undergoing echoca.diogra.hy, despite a.ditiona. dia.nostic informa.ion, echoca.dio- gra.s in centena.ia.s influence ma.a.ement in a.minority of ca.es, most commonly in the form of medica.ion cha.ges for trea.ment of hea.t fa.lure. a.significa.t proportion of centena.ia.s a.e decea.ed within a.yea. of undergoing echoca.diogra.hic a.s

关键词： Centena.ia. Echoca.diogra.hy Geria.ric

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a.review of direct numerica. simula.ions of a.trophysica. detona.ions a.d their implica.ions

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Frontiers of physics 2013年第2期8卷 189-198页

作者： Suza.ne T. Pa.ete-Koon christopher R. Smith Thoma. l. Pa.a.heodore O. E. Bronson Messer Na.iona. Center for Computa.iona. Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge USA TN 37831-6354 Depa.tment of Physics a.d a.tronomy University of Tennessee KnoxvilleUSA TN 37996-1200

Multi-dimensiona. direct numerica. simula.ions （DNS） of a.trophysica. detona.ions in degenera.e ma.ter ha.e revea.ed tha. the nuclea. burning is typica.ly cha.a.terized by cellula. structure ca.sed by tra.sverse insta.ilities in the detona.ion front. Type Ia.supernova.modelers often use one- dimensiona. DNS of detona.ions a. inputs or constra.nts for their whole sta. simula.ions. While these one-dimensiona. studies a.e useful tools, the true na.ure of the detona.ion is multi-dimensiona.. The multi-dimensiona. structure of the burning influences the speed, sta.ility, a.d the composition of the detona.ion a.d its burning products, a.d therefore, could ha.e a. impa.t on the spectra.of Type Ia.supernova.. Considera.le effort ha. been expended modeling Type Ia.supernova. a. densities a.ove 1 ~ 107 ***-3 where the complexities of turbulent burning domina.e the fla.e propa.a.ion. How- ever, most full sta. models turn the nuclea. burning schemes off when the density fa.ls below 1 ~ 107 ***-3 a.d distributed burning begins. The defla.ra.ion to detona.ion tra.sition （DDT） is believed to occur a. just these densities a.d consequently they a.e the densities importa.t for studying the properties of the subsequent detona.ion. This work will review the sta.us of DNS studies of detona. tions a.d their possible implica.ions for Type Ia.supernova.models. It will cover the development of Detona.ion theory from the first simple Cha.ma.-Jouguet （C J） detona.ion models to the current models ba.ed on the time-dependent, compressible, rea.tive flow Euler equa.ions of fluid dyna.ics.

关键词： supernova detona.ions direct numerica. simula.ions

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Growth trends a.d environmenta. drivers of ma.or tree species of the northern ha.dwood forest of ea.tern North a.erica

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Journa. of Forestry Resea.ch 2023年第1期34卷 37-50页

作者： Rebecca.l.Stern Pa.l G.Scha.erg Shelly a.Ra.ba.k christopher F.Ha.sen Pa.la.F.Mura.a.i Ga.y J.Ha.ley Rubenstein School of Environment a.d Na.ura. Resources The University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA ERM MalvernPA 19355USA Forest Service United States Department of AgricultureNorthern Research StationBurlingtonVT 05405USA Depa.tment of Geogra.hy The University of VermontBurlingtonVT 05405USA

The future hea.th a.d productivity of tree species in the northern ha.dwood forest of ea.tern North a.erica.a.e uncerta.n considering cha.ges in clima.e a.d pollution loa.ing *** better understa.d the tra.ectory of the northern ha.dwood forest,we studied the growth of three tree species emblema.ic of it:suga. ma.le(a.er sa.cha.um Ma.sh),a.erica. beech(Fa.us gra.difolia.Ehrh.),a.d yellow birch(Betula.a.legha.iensis Britton),plus a.fourth species,red ma.le(a.er rubrum l.),whose a.unda.ce ha. increa.ed in the *** a.so a.a.yzed the link between growth a.d severa. fa.tors for690 trees in 45 plots throughout Vermont,USa.tree a.e a.d size,site eleva.ion,a.d clima.e a.d a.id deposition *** their chronologies(1945-2014),a.l four species exhibited increa.ing growth followed by pla.ea.ed growth indica.ive of a.ma.uring *** a.l species,summer moisture wa. positively correla.ed with growth,summer tempera.ure wa. nega.ively a.socia.ed with growth,a.d winter moisture or snow were positively correla.ed with *** la.t a.socia.ion wa. expected for suga. ***,our da.a.suggest tha. winter snowpa.k ma. be more broa.ly releva.t in susta.ning tree growth in a.region where snow ha. historica.ly insula.ed the soil from freezing tha. ca. da.a.e roots a.d lea. to reduced a.oveground *** of pollution deposition were a.so correla.ed with growth for a.l species except a.erica. beech—a.species with documented tolera.ce to polluta.t *** the four species studied,red ma.le ha. the fewest a.socia.ions with environmenta. va.ia.les,which suggests tha. it ma. be less susceptible to growth reductions a. the clima.e cha.ges.

关键词： Clima.e cha.ge Suga. ma.le Yellow birch a.erica. beech Red ma.le

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Once upon a.time bioma.s burning in the western a.ps: Nesting effects of clima.e a.d loca. drivers on long-term suba.pine fires

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第2期9卷 257-266页

作者： christopher Ca.ca.llet Benja.in Boulley Frederique Ca.ca.llet Univ lyon Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPE(UMR LEHNA)F-69622VilleurbanneFrance Pa.is Sciences&lettres University(PSl) Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes(EPHE)F-75014ParisFrance Na.urCom Cha.r Universite de MontpellierF-34000MontpellierFrance Ma.BEC(Universite de Montpellier CNRSIfremerIRD)F-34000MontpellierFrance

Ba.kground:The present a.ticle questions the rela.ive importa.ce of loca.-a.d la.ge-sca.e processes on the long-term dyna.ics of fire in the suba.pine belt in the western *** study is ba.ed on soil cha.coa. da.ing a.d identifica.ion,severa. study sites in contra.ting environmenta. conditions,a.d sa.pling of soil cha.coa. a.ong the eleva.ion gra.ient of ea.h *** on loca. differences in bioma.s combustion,we hypothesize tha. loca.-sca.e or la.dsca.e-sca.e processes ha.e driven the fire history,while combustion homogeneity supports the hypothesis of the importa.ce of la.ge-sca.e or ma.ro-ecologica. processes,especia.ly ***:Bioma.s burning during the Holocene resulted from the nesting effects of clima.e,la.d use,a.d a.titude,but wa. little influenced by slope exposure(north versus south),soil(dryness,pH,depth),a.d *** mid-Holocene(6500–2700 ca. BP)wa. a. importa.t period for clima.e-driven bioma.s burning in the suba.pine ecosystems of the western a.ps,while fires over the la.t 2500 yea.s a.pea. much more episodic,prompting us to specula.e tha. huma. a.tivity ha. pla.ed a.vita. role in their ***:Our working hypothesis tha. the strength of loca. drivers should offset the effects of regiona. clima.e is not *** homogeneity of the fire regime between sites thus underscores tha. clima.e wa. the ma.n driver during the Holocene of the western ***-term suba.pine fires a.e controlled by clima.e a. the millennia. *** conditions ma.ter for little in determining va.ia.ility a. the century *** mid-Holocene wa. a.chief period for clima.ic bioma.s burning in the suba.pine zone,while fires during the la.e Holocene a.pea. much more episodic,suggesting tha. socia. drivers ha. exercised key function on their control.

关键词： Bioma.s burning Suba.pine forest Clima.e la.dsca.e Pedoa.thra.ology Ra.ioca.bon da.ing Pyrogenic ca.bon

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Development of innova.ive tools for investiga.ion of nutrient-gut intera.tion

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World Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2020年第25期26卷 3562-3576页

作者： Wei-Kun Hua.g Cong Xie Richa.d l Young Jia.g-Bo Zha. Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem Ka.en l Jones christopher K Ra.ner Tong-Zhi Wu a.ela.de Medica. School Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Healththe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Institute for Photonics a.d a.va.ced Sensing School of Physical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia The a.C Centre of Excellence for Na.osca.e BioPhotonics AdelaideSA 5005Australia Dia.etes Nutrition and Gut HealthLifelong HealthSouth Australia Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideSA 5005Australia Depa.tment of Ga.troenterology a.d Hepa.ology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideSA 5000Australia Depa.tment of Endocrinology Zhongda HospitalInstitute of DiabetesSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210009Jiangsu ProvinceChina

The ga.trointestina. tra.t is the key interfa.e between the ingesta.a.d the huma. *** is wide recognition tha. the ga.trointestina. response to nutrients or bioa.tive compounds,pa.ticula.ly the secretion of numerous hormones,is critica. to the regula.ion of a.petite,body weight a.d blood *** concept ha. led to a. increa.ing focus on“gut-ba.ed”stra.egies for the ma.a.ement of meta.olic disorders,including type 2 dia.etes a.d *** the underlying mecha.isms a.d downstrea. effects of nutrient-gut intera.tions is funda.enta. to effective tra.sla.ion of this knowledge to clinica. *** this end,a. a.ra. of resea.ch tools a.d pla.forms ha.e been developed to better understa.d the mecha.isms of gut hormone secretion from enteroendocrine *** review discusses the evolution of in vitro a.d in vivo models a.d the integra.ion of innova.ive techniques tha. will ultima.ely ena.le the development of novel thera.ies for meta.olic disea.es.

关键词： Nutrient-gut intera.tion Meta.olic disorders Incretin hormones Enteroendocrine cells Enteroids Intestina. intuba.ion Intestine-on-a.chip

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