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Benefit of combination β-blocker and endoscopic treatment to prevent variceal rebleeding: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第47期16卷 5982-5992页

作者： Natalie Funakoshi Frédérique ségalas-Largey Yohan Duny Frédéric Oberti Jean-christophe.Valats michae. Bismuth Jean-Pierre Daurès Pierre Blanc Department of Hepato-gastroenterology B Saint Eloi Hospital University Hospital of Montpellier Department of statistics University Hospital of Nimes Department of Hepato-gastroenterology University Hospital of Angers

AIM: To determine whether the association of β-blockers with endoscopic treatment is superior to endoscopic treatment alone for the secondary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding. MeTHODs: Randomised controlled trials comparing sclerotherapy (sCL) with sCL plus β-blockers (BB) or banding ligation (BL) with BL plus BB were identif *** outcomes were overall and 6, 12 and 24 mo rebleeding rates, as well as overall and 6, 12 and 24 mo mortality. Two statistical methods were used: Yusuf-peto, and Der simonian and Laird. Inter-trial heterogeneity was systematically taken into account. ResULTs: seventeen randomised controlled trials were included, 14 with sCL and 3 with BL. Combination β-blocker and endoscopic treatment signif icantly reduced rebleeding rates at 6, 12 and 24 mo and overall [odds ratio (OR): 2.20, 95% conf idence interval (CI): 1.69-2.85, Ped to endoscopic treatment alone. Mortality at 24 mo was signif icantly lower for the combined treatment group (OR: 1.83, 95% CI:1.16-2.90, P= 0.009), as well as overall mortality (OR: 1.43, 95% CI:1.03-1.98, P= 0.03). CONCLUsION: Combination therapy should thus be recommended as the fi rst line treatment for secondary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding.

关键词： Oesophageal varices Portal hypertension Cirrhosis secondary prevention β-blockers Banding ligation

A history of tourism at the Mer de Glace: Adaptations of glacier tourism to glacier fluctuations since 1741

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Journal of Mountain science 2021年第8期18卷 1977-1994页

作者： emmanuel sALIM Laura MABBOUX Ludovic RAVANeL Philip DeLINe christophe.GAUCHON Univ.savoie-Mont-Blanc CNRSEdytem73376Le Bourget-du-LacFrance University of Lausanne CIRM1967BramoisSwitzerland

Climate change induces profound changes in mountain territories that affect the activities pursued *** is one activity that is strongly impacted by these *** research on tourism in mountain regions has focused on winter sports tourism,but glacier tourism,a summer activity,is also severely affected by climate change-induced phenomena,including glacier retreat and other geomorphological *** that Alpine glacier tourism has been pursued since the 18th century and glaciers have been changing throughout this period,this article aims to examine the adaptations implemented by glacier tourism operators since the activity’s *** analysis of historical documents,glaciological surveys and semi-structured interviews,this paper reveals how tourism activities around the Mer de Glace(the largest French glacier)have been impacted by glacier fluctuations since the first visit to the area in *** study reveals that these developments have mainly been driven by glacier retreat and associated paraglacial *** recently,the shortening of the period of snow cover on the glacier has also impacted tourism *** of the adaptation strategies implemented by tourism operators during the period in question are found to be reactive,consisting in the installation of safety equipment,the renovation of access points or the building of new structures to allow tourist activities to continue despite the consequences of glacier *** strategies,such as the adoption of new activities by workers previously specialised in another,are identified that could be considered transformative strategies,although these were only adopted by workers when their activity was no longer *** analysis of materials from 1741 to the present also reveals that the recent impacts of climate change on glacier tourism are much more significant and diverse than those produced by past ***,it is important that stakeholders take suit

关键词： Climate change Glacier tourism Adaptation sustainability Mer de Glace Historical geography

3D models of dilated cardiomyopathy:shaping the chemical,physical and topographical properties of biomaterials to mimic the cardiac extracellular matrix

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第1期7卷 275-291页

作者： Marie Camman Pierre Joanne Onnik Agbulut christophe.Helary sorbonne Universit´e CNRSUMR 7574Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matiere Condensee de Paris4 place Jussieu(case 174)F-75005ParisFrance sorbonne Universite Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine(IBPS)CNRS UMR 8256Inserm ERL U1164Biological Adaptation and Ageing7 quai St-Bernard(case 256)F-75005ParisFrance

The pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM),one major cause of heart failure,is characterized by the dilation of the heart but remains poorly understood because of the lack of adequate in vitro *** 2D models do not allow for the 3D organotypic organization of cardiomyocytes and do not reproduce the eCM *** this review,the different strategies to mimic the chemical,physical and topographical properties of the cardiac tissue affected by DCM are *** advantages and drawbacks of techniques generating anisotropy required for the cardiomyocytes alignment are *** addition,the different methods creating macroporosity and favoring organotypic organization are ***,the advances in the induced pluripotent stem cells technology to generate cardiac cells from healthy or DCM patients will be *** to the biomaterial design,some features of the DCM extracellular matrix such as stiffness,porosity,topography or chemical changes can impact the cardiomyocytes function in vitro and increase their *** mimicking the affected heart,both at the cellular and at the tissue level,3D models will enable a better understanding of the pathology and favor the discovery of novel therapies.

关键词： Biomaterials Dilated cardiomyopathies Induced pluripotent stem cells Porosity Anisotropy

A multi-layer modelling approach for mining versatile ports of a global maritime transportation network

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International Journal of Digital earth 2023年第1期16卷 2129-2151页

作者： peng peng christophe.Claramunt shifen Cheng Yu Yang Feng Lu state Key Laboratory of Resources and environmental Information system Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Naval Academy Research Institute Brest NavalFrance Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China The Academy of Digital China Fuzhou UniversityFuzhouPeople’s Republic of China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Giographical Information Resource Development and Application NanjingPeople’s Republic of China

International ports play critical roles in maintaining transportation flows and sustaining the effectiveness of global maritime *** the concept of versatile ports has been introduced to represent the specific patterns that these ports play at the regional and global levels,there is still a need for the design and development of computational approaches that support these *** paper introduces a flexible multi-layer network approach for an international maritime network whose interest is that it offers a flexible model that favours the identification of the different transportation flows and versatile *** model is complemented by a series of structural indices complemented by a new overlap measure that evaluates the specific role of a given port across various transportation *** whole approach is implemented and experimented with using massive AIs maritime data that supports the automatic generation of the multi-layer network,and derivation of the structural measures while maintaining a flexible view of the maritime *** experiments applied to the global maritime transportation network identify key versatile ports and highlight significant differences at the regional and trade flow levels.

关键词： Versatile port multilayer network aggregated network maritime transportation vessel trajectory data

Improving metal reflectors by suppressing surface plasmon polaritons: a priori calculation of the internal reflectance of a solar cell

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Light(science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 32-37页

作者： Zachary C Holman stefaan De Wolf christophe.Ballif swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne(EPFL)Institute of Microengineering(IMT)Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics LaboratoryCH-2000 NeuchaˆtelSwitzerland

Imperfect internal reflectance of near-bandgap light reduces the performance of all solar cells,and becomes increasingly detrimental as absorbers become *** consider light incident on the silicon/dielectric/metal structure at the back of rear-passivated crystalline silicon solar cells with surface textures that are large enough for geometric *** calculating the absorbance in the metal as a function of the angle of incidence,we discover three results that are important for understanding and improving rear reflectors in many types of solar ***,significant parasitic absorption occurs in the metal layer in two cases:s-and p-polarized propagating modes(near-normal angles of incidence)when the dielectric thickness is adjusted to cause destructive interference of the reflected beams,and p-polarized evanescent modes(angles of incidence above the semiconductor/dielectric critical angle)that excite surface plasmon polaritons at the metal ***,the latter loss dominates;a well-designed rear dielectric passivation layer must suppress the penetration of evanescent waves to the ***,when used as an input in a simple analytical model,the average rear internal reflectance calculated by assuming a Lambertian angular distribution of light accurately predicts the total reflectance and absorbance of a solar cell.

关键词： light trapping photovoltaics plasmon silicon solar cell

Chaos in DNA evolution

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2016年第5期9卷 199-215页

作者： Jacques M. Bahi christophe.Guyeux Antoine perasso Institut FeMTO-sT Universitg Bourgogne Franche-Comtd 25000 Besancon France UMR Chrono-environnement Universite Bourgogne Franche-Comte 25000 Besancon France

In this paper, we explain why the chaotic mutation （CM） model of J. M. Bahi and C. Michel （2008） simulates the genes mutations over time with good accuracy. It is firstly shown that the CM model is a truly chaotic one, as it is defined by Devaney. Then, it is established that mutations occurring in genes mutations have indeed a same chaotic dynamic, thus making relevant the use of chaotic models for genomes evolution. Transposition and inversion dynamics are finally investigated.

关键词： Genomes evolution models mutations inversions transpositions mathema- tical topology Devaney's chaos.

A high-order sPH method by introducing inverse kernels

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第1期30卷 1-14页

作者： Fang Le Marongiu Jean christophe.Leduc Julien Amicarelli Andrea Caro Joёlleb LMP Ecole centrale de Pekin Beihang University Co-Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engine 100083 Beijing China LMFA Ecole centrale de Lyon 69130 Ecully BP 163 France Laboratoire International Associe Beihang University 100083 Beijing China ANDRITZ HYDRO AG Rue des Deux-Gares 6 1800 Vevey Switzerland

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics（sPH） method is usually expected to be an efficient numerical tool for calculating the fluid-structure interactions in compressors; however, an endogenetic restriction is the problem of low-order consistency. A high-order sPH method by introducing inverse kernels, which is quite easy to be implemented but efficient, is proposed for solving this restriction. The basic inverse method and the special treatment near boundary are introduced with also the discussion of the combination of the Least-square（Ls） and Moving-Least-square（MLs） methods. Then detailed analysis in spectral space is presented for people to better understand this method. Finally we show three test examples to verify the method behavior.

关键词： Consistency High-order method Inverse method Numerical dissipation Numerical instability smoothed particle hydrodynamics

Burundi's Integration into the east African Community:Challenges and Prospects

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Burundi's Integration into the East African Community:Challe...

作者： Nkundabagenzi christophe 山东大学

学位级别：硕士

The thesis analyzes the challenges and prospects of Burundi's integration into the east African *** analysis,it emerges that the east African Community(herein after referred to as eAC)is a regional intergovernmental organization,composed of six Member states such as Tanzania,Uganda,Kenya,Burundi,Rwanda and south *** of Burundi into this organization is a strategic option to respond to its landlocked geographical situation but also to ensure socioeconomic *** basis ofmy research,Burundi's participation inthe eAC faces many *** include political instability due to external influence and the lack of a political and democratic culture in *** tensions between Burundi and Rwanda are a major handicap in the process of integrating Burundi into the *** economy also continues to face structural weaknesses such as low diversification of productive structure,insufficient and inadequate economic infrastructure,and low public and private investment *** overcome the challenges facing Burundi's regional integration and reap the benefits of the eAC,the study shows that Burundi needs to initiate reforms and strategies that can serve the cause of regional *** include,but not limited to,re-establishing political-diplomatic relations between Burundi and Rwanda;peace and democracy must be consolidated and strengthened in Burundi;Political cooperation between eAC member states must be *** the economic front,reforms are urgently needed so that Burundi can benefit from its integration into the *** are economic reforms designed to boost investment and economic growth,in particular the improvement and strengthening of infrastructure supporting trade and economic growth.

关键词： Burundi Integration eAC Challenge Prospects

Reduced-particle size wheat bran and endoxylanase supplementation in broiler feed affect arabinoxylan hydrolysis and fermentation with broiler age differently

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 308-320页

作者： An Bautil michae. R.Bedford Johan Buyse christophe.M.Courtin Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems(M2S)KU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUnited Kingdom Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of BiosystemsKU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium

since the caecal microbiota of young broilers are not yet able to ferment the dietary fibre(DF)fraction of the feed to a large extent,increasing the accessibility of DF substrates along the gastrointestinal tract is crucial to benefit from the health stimulating metabolic end-products(*** acid)generated upon microbial DF ***,the present study aimed to evaluate the potential of reduced-particle size wheat bran(RPs-WB)and endoxylanases as feed additives to stimulate arabinoxylan(AX)hydrolysis and fermentation along the hindgut of young *** this end,RPs-WB and endoxylanase supplementation were evaluated in a 2×2 factorial design using a total of 256 male 1-d-old chicks(Ross 308).Broilers were assigned to 4 dietary treatments:a basal wheat-based diet with(1)no feed additives(control,CTRL),(2)an endoxylanase(XYL;econase XT 25 at 0.10 g/kg diet),(3)1%wheat bran with an average reduced particle size of 297μm(RPs-WB)and(4)an endoxylanase and 1%RPs-WB(RPs-WB+XYL).each dietary treatment was replicated 8 times and on d 10 and 28,respectively,24 and 16 broilers per treatment group were euthanised to analyse AX degradation,short-chain fatty acid production and digesta viscosity in the ileum and *** receiving XYL in their diet showed increased AX solubilisation and fermentation at both d 10 and 28 compared to the CTRL group(Ps-WB to the diet stimulated wheat AX utilisation by the primary AX degraders in the caecum at 10 d of age compared to the CTRL group,as observed by the high AX digestibility coefficient for the RPs-WB supplemented group at this young age(Ps-WB supplementation lowered body-weight gains but increased butyric acid concentrations compared to the XYL and CTRL group(Psynergistic effect for RPs-WB+XYL broilers was observed for AX hydrolysis and fermentation,these findings suggest that both additives can raise a dual benefit to the broiler as a butyrogenic effect and im

关键词： Broiler chicken Wheat bran Particle size reduction Xylanase Arabinoxylan fermentation