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Hypothesis that alpha-amylase evokes regulatory mechanisms originating in the pancreas,gut and circulation,which govern glucose/insulin homeostasis

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世界糖尿病杂志:英文版(电子版) 2023年第9期14卷 1341-1348页

作者： Stefan G Pierzynowski christine Stier kateryna Pierzynowska Department of Medical Biology Institute of Rural HealthLublin 20090Poland Department of Biology Lund UniversityLund 22362Sweden Anara AB Trelleborg 23132Sweden Department of General VisceralTransplantVascularand Pediatric Surgery and Division of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburg 97080Germany Department of Surgical Endoscopy Sana HospitalHuerth 50354Germany Department of Animal Physiology The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and NutritionJablonna 05110Poland Anagram Therapeutics IncFraminghamMA 01701United States

The anti-incretin theory involving the abolishment of diabetes type(DT)II by some of methods used in bariatric surgery,first appeared during the early years of the XXI century and considers the existence of anti-incretin ***,to date no exogenous or endogenous anti-incretins have been *** concept of the acini-islet-acinar axis assumes that insulin intra-pancreatically stimulates alpha-amylase synthesis(“halo phenomenon”)and in turn,alphaamylase reciprocally inhibits insulin production,thus making alpha-amylase a candidate for being an ***,gut as well as plasma alphaamylase,of pancreatic and other origins,inhibits the appearance of dietary glucose in the blood,lowering the glucose peak after iv or oral glucose *** effect of alpha-amylase can be interpreted as an insulin down regulatory mechanism,possibly limiting the depletion of pancreatic beta cells and preventing their *** observations agree with the above statements,where patients with high blood alpha-amylase concentrations are seldom obese and seldom develop ***-DT2,as well as DT1 patients,usually develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency(EPI)and vice ***,DT2 patients develop DT1,when the pancreatic beta cells are exhausted and insulin production *** on biliopancreatic diversion(BPD)and on BPD with duodenal switch,a type of bariatric surgery,as well as studies on EPI pigs,allow us to observe and investigate the above-mentioned phenomena of intra-pancreatic interactions.

关键词： Pancreas Alpha-amylase Acini-islet-acinar axis Hyperglycaemia Bariatrics Insulin Incretins Glucosedependent insulinotropic polypeptide Glucagon-like peptide-1 Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic enzyme therapy Diabetes

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Memory access optimization for particle operations in computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method simulations

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Particuology 2023年第7期78卷 97-110页

作者： Deepthi Vaidhynathan Hariswaran Sitaraman Ray Grout Thomas Hauser christine M.Hrenya Jordan Musser Computational Science Center National Renewable Energy LaboratoryUnited States Research Computing University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States Chemical and Biological Engineering University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States Computational Science and Engineering National Energy Technology LaboratoryUnited States

Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method is used to model gas-solid systems in several applications in energy,pharmaceutical and petrochemical *** performance bot-tlenecks often limit the problem sizes that can be simulated at industrial *** data structures used to store several millions of particles in such large-scale simulations have a large memory footprint that does not fit into the processor cache hierarchies on current high-performance-computing platforms,leading to reduced computational *** paper specifically addresses this aspect of memory access bottlenecks in industrial scale *** use of space-flling curves to improve memory access patterns is described and their impact on computational performance is quantified in both shared and distributed memory parallelization *** Morton space flling curve applied to uniform grids and k-dimensional tree partitions are used to reorder the particle data-structure thus improving spatial and temporal locality in *** performance impact of these techniques when applied to two benchmark problems,namely the homogeneous-cooling-system and a fluidized-bed,are *** optimization techniques lead to approximately two-fold performance improvement in particle focused operations such as neighbor-list creation and data-exchange,with~1.5 times overall improvement in a fluidization simulation with 1.27 million particles.

关键词： CFD-DEM Memory access optimization Spatial reordering Performance optimization

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Alpine vegetation responses to snow phenology in the Chinese Tianshan mountainous region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第5期19卷 1307-1323页

作者： ZHANG Bo LI Xue-mei LI Chao NYIRANSENGIYUMVA christine QIN Qi-yong Faculty ofGeomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring Lanzhou 730070China National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring Lanzhou 730070China College of Urban and Environmental Science Northwest UniversityXian 710127China

Investigating the interrelation between snow and vegetation is essential to explain the response of alpine ecosystems to climate *** on the MOD10 A1 daily cloud-free snow product and MOD13 A1 NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index)data,this study analysed the spatial and temporal patterns of snow phenology including snow onset date,snow end date,snow cover days,and vegetation phenology including the start of growing season,the end of growing season and the length of growing season in the Chinese Tianshan Mountainous Region(CTMR)from 2002 to 2018,and then investigated the snow phenological effects on the vegetation phenology among different ecogeographic zones and diverse vegetation *** results indicated that snow onset date was earlier at higher elevations and later at lower elevations,while snow end date showed opposite spatial distribution *** end of growing season occurred later on the northwest slope of the CTMR and the Yili *** earliest end of growing season was in the middle part of the CTMR.A long growing season was mainly distributed along the northern slope and the Yili Valley,while a short growing season was concentrated in the middle part of the *** response of vegetation phenology to changes in snow phenology varied among vegetation types and ecogeographic *** effect of snow phenology on vegetation phenology was more significant in IID5(Yili Valley)than in the other ecogeographic zones.A negative correlation was observed between the start of growing season and snow end date in nearly 54.78%of the study area,while a positive correlation was observed between the start of growing season and the snow end date in 66.85%of the study *** sensitivity of vegetation phenology to changes in snow cover varied among different vegetation *** onset date had the greatest effect on the start of growing season in the four vegetation cover types(alpine meadows,alpine steppes,shrubs,and alpine sparse vegetati

关键词： Snow phenology Vegetation phenology Climate change Response mechanism Grey correlation analysis Chinese Tianshan Mountainous Region

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Loss of ID3 in pancreatic cancer cells increases DNA damage without impairingMDC1 recruitment to the nuclear foci

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Cancer Communications 2022年第3期42卷 269-272页

作者： Jian Xu Mayrel Palestino Dominguez christine Alewine Laboratory of Molecular Biology Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892-4264United States

Dear Editor,Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human cancers and is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by the year 2030[1,2].In the United States,approximately 60,000 newly diagnosed cases and 48,000 deaths were estimated to occur in 2021[3].Because early screening is very difficult and most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease,curing pancreatic cancer patients still faces huge ***,a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of pan-creatic cancer is required to promote the development of efficient treatment modalities.

关键词： damage death ID3

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Chemogenetic and Optogenetic Manipulations of Microglia in Chronic Pain

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第3期39卷 368-378页

作者： Sebastian Parusel Min-Hee Yi christine L.Hunt Long-Jun Wu Department of Neurology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Maastricht UniversityMaastricht MD6200The Netherlands Department of Pain Medicine Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224USA Department of Neuroscience Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224USA Department of Immunology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905USA

Chronic pain relief remains an unmet medical *** research points to a substantial contribution of glia-neuron interaction in its ***,microglia play a crucial role in the development of chronic *** better understand the microglial contribution to chronic pain,specific regional and temporal manipulations of microglia are ***,two new approaches have emerged that meet these *** tools allow the expression of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs(DREADDs)specifically in ***,optogenetic tools allow for microglial manipulation via the activation of artificially expressed,light-sensitive ***-and optogenetic manipulations of microglia in vivo are powerful in interrogating microglial function in chronic *** review summarizes these emerging tools in studying the role of microglia in chronic pain and highlights their potential applications in microglia-related neurological disorders.

关键词： Chronic pain Microglia Optogenetics Chemogenetics DREADDs ReaChR

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Indigenous microbiota protects development of medication-related osteonecrosis induced by periapical disease in mice

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International Journal of Oral Science 2022年第2期14卷 156-163页

作者： Wen Du Mengyu Yang Terresa kim Sol kim Drake W.Williams Maryam Esmaeili christine Hong ki-Hyuk Shin Mo k.kang No-Hee Park Reuben H.kim State key Laboratory of Oral Diseases&National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases&Department of Prosthodontics West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research Los AngelesUSA Section of Restorative Dentistry UCLA School of DentistryLos AngelesUSA Department of Orofacial Sciences UCSF School of DentistrySan FranciscoUSA UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center Los AngelesUSA David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los AngelesUSA

Bacterial infection is a common finding in patients,who develop medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw(MRONJ)by the longterm and/or high-dose use of anti-resorptive agents such as bisphosphonate(BPs).However,pathological role of bacteria in MRONJ development at the early stage remains ***,we demonstrated that commensal microbiota protects against MRONJ development in the pulp-exposed periapical periodontitis mouse model.C57/BL6 female mice were treated with intragastric broadspectrum antibiotics for 1 *** acid(ZOL)through intravenous injection and antibiotics in drinking water were administered for throughout the *** was exposed on the left maxillary first molar,then the mice were left for 5 weeks after which bilateral maxillary first molar was extracted and mice were left for additional 3 weeks to *** mice were harvested,and cecum,maxilla,and femurs were *** development was assessed usingμCT and histologic *** antibiotic was treated in mice,these mice had no weight changes,but developed significantly enlarged ceca compared to the control group(CTL mice).Periapical bone resorption prior to the tooth extraction was similarly prevented when treated with antibiotics,which was confirmed by decreased osteoclasts and *** treatment with pulp exposure significantly increased bone necrosis as determined by empty lacunae and necrotic bone ***,antibiotics treatment could further exacerbate bone necrosis,with increased osteoclast *** findings suggest that the commensal microbiome may play protective role,rather than pathological role,in the early stages of MRONJ development.

关键词： protective finding antibiotics

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Identification of a female murder victim found in Burgenland,Austria in 1993

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Forensic Sciences Research 2022年第2期7卷 308-318页

作者： christine Lehn Andreas Rossmann Matthias Graw Gareth R.Davies Institute of Legal Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-University of MunichMunichGermany Laboratory for Stable Isotope Analytics Isolab GmbHSchweitenkirchenGermany Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

In 1993,the skeletal remains of a female corpse were found in Burgenland,*** identification of the approximately 25–35-year-old female appeared impossible,but the case was reopened 23 years *** applying biogeochemical isotope methods to her body tissues,the geographical origin of the unknown corpse could be *** results of the C,N,S,H,Sr,and Pb isotope analyses suggested that the female did not originate from Europe and most likely spent her youth in the northern *** these findings,the police were able to identify the woman within 2 *** female came from the Dominican Republic and resided in Austria for only a short period before she was *** case shows that isotope biogeochemistry investigations can provide the police with crucial information that enables unknown persons to be identified.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic anthropology human identification provenance stable isotope analysis bio-elements geo-elements

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Tackling bone loss of the lower extremity:vascularized bone grafting

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 254-263页

作者： christine V.Schaeffer John T.Stranix Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22903USA

Post-traumatic lower extremity bone loss in the setting of high-energy trauma can occur acutely as a result of an open fracture and surgical debridement,or secondarily as a result of nonunion or *** techniques have been described in the literature for the management of these bony defects,including non-vascularized bone grafts,vascularized bone grafts and distraction ***,the authors review the role of vascularized bone grafts in the management of post-traumatic bone loss in the lower extremity.

关键词： Lower extremity vascularized bone segmental defect

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Self-Blowing Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Foams Based on Hydrolysable Tannins

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第12期10卷 3217-3227页

作者： Elham Azadeh Xinyi Chen Antonio Pizzi christine Gérardin Philip Gérardin Hisham Essawy Facultédes Sciences et Technologies LERMABEA 4370-USC INRAEUniversity of LorraineBlvd des AiguillettesNancy54506France LERMAB EA 4370-USC INRAEUniversity of Lorraine27 rue Philippe SeguinEpinal88000France Department of Polymers and Pigments National Research CenterCairo12622Egypt

ABSTRACT Non-isocyanate polyurethane(NIPU)foams using a hydrolysable tannin,also vulgarly called tannic acid,namely here commercial chestnut wood tannin extract was *** strength did not appear to depend on the foam apparent density while the formulation composition of the NIPU foams has been shown to be more *** NIPU foams appeared to be self-extinguishing once the high temperature flame is *** ignition time gave encouraging results but for improved fire resistance the foams may need some fire-retardant *** spectrometry showed the formation of non-isocyanate urethane *** analysis indicated a good thermal resistance of these foams,with thermal degradation following four *** in the interval 25℃–120℃ range,mainly evaporation of water occurs with a maximal loss of 10%*** the 150℃–450℃ temperature range foams mass loss is of almost 70%.In particular in the 125℃–275℃ range occurs the degradation of some small molecular weight *** the 500℃–790℃ temperature range the foams do not present any further large degradation.

关键词： Non-isocyanate biopolyurethanes(NIPU) biofoams chestnut tannin hydrolysable tannins self-extinguishing

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CHALLENGES AND CAPACITY GAPS IN SMALLHOLDER ACCESS TO DIGITAL EXTENSION AND ADVISORY SERVICES IN kENYA AND UGANDA

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第4期9卷 642-654页

作者： Monica k.kANSIIME Idah MUGAMBI Harrison RWARE christine ALOkIT Caroline ALIAMO Feng ZHANG Jakob LATZkO Puyun YANG Daniel kARANJA Dannie ROMNEY CAB International Africa P.O.Box 633-00621NairobiKenya CAB International Lugard AvenueEntebbeUganda CABI East Asia Beijing 100081China Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO) Research and Extension Unit(OINR)Office of Innovation00153 RomeItaly

An assessment of the challenges and capacity gaps in smallholder access to digital extension and advisory services(EAS)was made by surveying 197 female and 239 male farmers in kenya and ***-digital extension approaches remain dominant but at least 78%of farmers accessed EAS from electronic sources dominated by *** is attributed to the fact that ownership of radios was more widespread than of other digital *** that particularly limit the use of digital services included low digital literacy and prohibitive cost of internet and mobile *** and elderly farmers were more likely to report these challenges than their *** regression model results show that ownership of digital devices,participation in post-production activities,and access to extension were enablers of digital EAS *** mentioned gaps in obtaining information on crop pest/disease diagnosis and management,fertilizer application,pesticide safety and quality *** the diversity in smallholder technological capabilities and information needs,the recommendations made include integration of digital communication within multimode advisory services that use different but linked communication channels,continued farmer digital innovation capacity enhancement,and participatory design approaches that deliver relevant and actionable information for inclusive scaling of extension activities.

关键词： advisory service agricultural extension digital extension digital literacy

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