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Nature:CD32a蛋白暴露艾滋病病毒"藏身地"

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现代生物医学进展 2017年第15期17卷 I0004-I0004页

作者： Benjamin Descours, Gaël Petitjean, Raoul Raffel Monsef Benkirane José-luis lópez-Zaragoza, Timothée Bruel, Christine lacabaratz, Yves levy, Olivier Schwartz Jean Daniel lelievre José-luis lópez-Zaragoza, Christine lacabaratz, Yves levy Jean Daniel lelievre José-luis lópez-Zaragoza, Christine lacabaratz, Yves levy Jean Daniel lelievre Timothée Bruel Olivier Schwartz christina Psomas Jacques Reynes Institut de Génétique Humaine Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire UMR9002 CNRS Université de Montpellier Montpellier France Vaccine Research Institute Université Paris-Est Faculté de Médecine INSERM U955 and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier Service d’Immunologie Clinique Créteil France Inserm U955 Equipe 16 Créteil France AP-HP Hôpital Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier Service d’Immunologie Clinique et Maladies Infectieuses 94000 Créteil France Institut Pasteur Virus and Immunity Unit URA CNRS 3015 Paris France Département Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Hôpital Universitaire Montpellier France

《自然》杂志近日发表了法国研究人员的一项最新成果：他们通过实验室研究发现，潜藏艾滋病病毒（HIV）的T细胞表面特定表达着一种名叫CD32a的蛋白，这种蛋白在未感染HIV的T细胞中却没有被检测出来。这意味着，CD32a蛋白可以作为一种生... 详细信息

《自然》杂志近日发表了法国研究人员的一项最新成果：他们通过实验室研究发现，潜藏艾滋病病毒（HIV）的T细胞表面特定表达着一种名叫CD32a的蛋白，这种蛋白在未感染HIV的T细胞中却没有被检测出来。这意味着，CD32a蛋白可以作为一种生物靶标，用来开发出针对”隐身”状态HIV的全新药物。

关键词：艾滋病病毒 a蛋白《自然》杂志研究人员细胞表面 HIV 实验室 T细胞

World health dilemmas: Orphan and rare diseases, orphan drugs and orphan patients

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World Journal of Methodology 2014年第3期4卷 163-188页

作者： christina N Kontoghiorghe Nicholas Andreou Katerina Constantinou George J Kontoghiorghes Postgraduate Research Institute of Science Technology Environment and Medicine

According to global annual estimates hunger/malnutrition is the major cause of death(36 of 62 million). Cardiovascular diseases and cancer(5.44 of 13.43 million) are the major causes of death in developed countries, while lower respiratory tract infections, human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diarrhoeal disease, malaria and tuberculosis(10.88 of 27.12 million) are the major causes of death in developing countries with more than 70% of deaths occurring in children. The majority of approximately 800 million people with other rare diseases, including 100000 children born with thalassaemia annually receive no treatment. There are major ethical dilemmas in dealing with global health issues such as poverty and the treatment of orphan and rare diseases. Of approximately 50000 drugs about 10% are orphan drugs, with annual sales of the latter approaching 100 billion USD. In comparison, the annual revenue in 2009 from the top 12 pharmaceutical companies in Western countrieswas 445 billion USD and the top drug, atorvastatin, reached 100 billion USD. In the same year, the total government expenditure for health in the developing countries was 410 billion USD with only 6%-7% having been received as aid from developed countries. Drugs cost the National Health Service in the United Kingdom more than 20 billion USD or 10% of the annual health budget. Uncontrollable drug prices and marketing policies affect global health budgets, clinical practice, patient safety and survival. Fines of 5.3 billion USD were imposed on two pharmaceutical companies in the United States, the regulatory authority in France was replaced and clinicians were charged with bribery in order to overcome recent illegal practises affecting patient care. High expenditure for drug development is mainly related to marketing costs. However, only 2 million USD was spent developing the drug deferiprone(l1) for thalassaemia up to the stage of multicentre clinical trials. The criter

关键词： World health issues Global diseases Orphandrugs Orphan diseases Rare diseases Orphan patients Thalassaemia Deferiprone Deferasirox Deferoxamine Iron overload

Molecular analysis of the sex chromosomes of the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus: Towards the identification of a new type of master sexual regulator in vertebrates

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第3期4卷 277-284页

作者： ASTRID BONE christina SCHUlTHEIS Delphine GAlIANA-ARNOUX Alexander FROSCHAUER Qingchun ZHOU Cornelia SCHMIDT Yvonne SElZ Catherine OZOUF-COSTAZ Agnès DETTAI Béatrice SEGURENS Arnaud COUlOUX Sylvie BERNARD-SAMAIN Valérie BARBE Stefan CHIlMONCZYK Frédéric BRUNET Amandine DARRAS TOMASZKIEWICZ Marta Marie SEMON Manfred SCHARTl Jean-Nicolas VOlFF Institute of Functional Genomics Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon/Universitéde LyonLyonFrance Physiological Chemistry 1 Biozentrum of the University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany Department of Systematics and Evolution Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleParisFrance CEA/DSV/IG/Genoscope EvryFrance Molecular Virology and Immunology Unit National Institute for Agricultural ResearchJouy-en-JosasFrance

In contrast to mammals and birds,fish display an amazing diversity of genetic sex determination systems,with frequent changes during evolution possibly associated with the emergence of new sex chromosomes and sex-determining *** better understand the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms driving this diversity,several fish models are studied in *** the medaka(Oryzias latipes Temminck and Schlegel,1846)for which the master sex-determination gene has been identified,one of the most advanced models for studying sex determination is the Southern platyfish(Xiphophorus maculatus,Günther 1966).Xiphophorus maculatus belongs to the Poeciliids,a family of live-bearing freshwater fish,including platyfish,swordtails and guppies that perfectly illustrates the diversity of genetic sex-determination mechanisms observed in *** ***,bacterial artificial chro-mosome contigs covering the sex-determination region of the X and Y sex chromosomes have been *** molecular analysis demonstrated that the sex-determination region is very unstable and frequently undergoes duplications,deletions,inversions and other *** gene candidates linked to the master sex-determining gene have been identified,some of them corresponding to *** putative genes are present on both the X and the Y chromosomes,suggesting a poor degree of differentiation and a young evolutionary age for platyfish sex *** compared with other fish and tetrapod genomes,syntenies were detected only with *** observation supports an independent origin of sex chromosomes,not only in different vertebrate lineages but also between different fish species.

关键词： sex chromosomes sex determination fish poeciliid Xiphophorus.

Cavernosal nerve functionality evaluation after magnetic resonance imaging-guided transurethral ultrasound treatment of the prostate

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World Journal of Radiology 2015年第12期7卷 521-530页

作者： Steffen Sammet Ari Partanen Ambereen Yousuf christina l Sammet Emily V Ward Craig Wardrip Marek Niekrasz Tatjana Antic Aria Razmaria Keyvan Farahani Shunmugavelu Sokka Gregory Karczmar Aytekin Oto Department of Radiology University of Chicago Committee on Medical Physics University of Chicago Department of Medical Imaging Lurie Children’s Hospital Department of Surgery University of Chicago Department of Pathology University of Chicago National Cancer Institute

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility of using therapeutic ultrasound as an alternative treatment option for organconfined prostate cancer. METHODS: In this study, a trans-urethral therapeutic ultrasound applicator in combination with 3T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) guidance was used for realtime multi-planar MRI-based temperature monitoring and temperature feedback control of prostatic tissue thermal ablation in vivo. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of MRI-guided trans-urethral ultrasound to effectively and accurately ablate prostate tissue while minimizing the damage to surrounding tissues in eight canine prostates. MRI was used to plan sonications, monitor temperature changes during therapy, and to evaluate treatment outcome. Real-time temperature and thermal dose maps were calculated using the proton resonance frequency shift technique and were displayed as two-dimensional color-coded overlays on top of the anatomical images. After ultrasound treatment, an evaluation of the integrity of cavernosal nerves was performed during prostatectomy with a nerve stimulator that measured tumescence response quantitatively and indicated intact cavernous nerve functionality. Planned sonication volumes were visually correlated to MRI ablation volumes and corresponding histo-pathological sections after prostatectomy. RESUlTS: A total of 16 sonications were performed in 8 canines. MR images acquired before ultrasound treatment were used to localize the prostate and to prescribe sonication targets in all canines. Temperature elevations corresponded within 1 degree of the targeted sonication angle, as well as with the width and length of the active transducer elements. The ultrasound treatment procedures were automatically interrupted when the temperature in the target zone reached 56 ℃. In all canines erectile responses were evaluated with a cavernous nerve stimulator post-treatment and showed a tumescence response after stimulation with an electric current. These results i

关键词： Ultrasound therapy Thermal tissue ablation Prostate Magnetic resonance imaging guided therapy Intra-operative Histology Validation

Bone marrow progenitor cells do not contribute to liver fibrogenic cells

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World Journal of Hepatology 2012年第10期4卷 274-283页

作者： Bruno Diaz Paredes lanuza Alaby Pinheiro Faccioli luiz Fernando Quintanilha Karina Dutra Asensi Camila Zaverucha do Valle Paulo César Canary christina Maeda Takiya Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho Regina Coeli dos Santos Goldenberg Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute Rio de Janeiro 21941-902Brazil Radiology Department Clementino Fraga Filho University HospitalRio de Janeiro 22909-538Brazil

AIM:To investigate the contribution of bone marrow(BM) cells to hepatic ***:To establish a model of chimerism,C57Bl/6 female mice were subjected to full-body irradiation(7 Gy) resulting in BM *** mononuclear cells obtained from male transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein(GFP) were used for *** was confirmed by flow *** induce liver injury,chimeric animals received carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) 0.5 ml/kg intraperitoneally twice a week for 30 d(CCl4 30 d) and age-matched controls received saline(Saline 30 d).At the end of this period,animals were sacrificed for post mortem *** samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to observe liver architectural changes and with Sirius red for collagen quantification by morphometric analysis.α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) was analyzed by confocal microscopy to identify GFP+ cells with myofibroblast(MF) *** tissue,BM and peripheral blood were collected and prepared for flow cytometric analysis using specific markers for detection of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs) and precursors from the ***:Injury to the liver induced changes in the hepatic parenchymal architecture,as reflected by the presence of inflammatory infiltrate and an increase in collagen deposition(Saline 30 d = 11.10% ± 1.12% vs CCl4 30 d = 12.60% ± 0.73%,P = 0.0329).Confocal microscopy revealed increased reactivity against α-SMA in CCl4 30 d compared to Saline 30 d,but there was no co-localization with GFP+ cells,suggesting that cells from BM do not differentiate to *** flow cytometric analysis showed a significant increase of CD45+/GFP+ cells in liver tissue(Saline 30 d = 3.2% ± 2.2% vs CCl4 30 d = 5.8% ± 1.3%,P = 0.0458),suggesting that this increase was due to inflammatory cell infiltration(neutrophils and monocytes).There was also a significant increase of common myeloid progenitor cells(CD117+/CD45+) in the livers of CCl4-treated animals(Saline 3

关键词： Bone marrow liver Fibrosis Progenitor cells Chimeric mice Green fluorescent protein+ cells

Sieving characteristics of cytokine-and peroxide-induced epithelial barrier leak:Inhibition by berberine

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2016年第2期7卷 223-234页

作者： Katherine M DiGuilio christina M Mercogliano Jillian Born Brendan Ferraro Julie To Brittany Mixson Allison Smith Mary Carmen Valenzano James M Mullin lankenau Institute for Medical Research Lankenau Medical Center Departments of Biology and Biomedical Engineering Drexel University

AIM:To study whether the inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)colon which exhibits varying severity and cytokine levels across its mucosa create varying types of transepithelial ***:We examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-1-β(Il1β)and hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2)-singly and in combinations-on barrier function of CACO-2 cell *** focus was on the type(not simply the magnitude)of transepithelial leak generated by these agents as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance(TER)and transepithelial flux of ^(14)C-D-mannitol,3H-lactulose and ^(14)C-Polyethylene glycol as radiolabeled probe *** isoquinoline alkaloid,berberine,was then examined for its ability to reduce specific types of transepithelial ***:Exposure to TNF-α alone(200 ng/ml;48 h)induced a 50% decrease in TER,i.e.,increased leak of Na^+ and Cl--with only a marginal but statistically significant increase in transepithelial leak of ^(14)C-mannitol(Jm).Exposure to TNF-α + IFN-γ(200 ng/ml;48 h)+ Il1β(50 ng/ml;48 h)did not increase the TER change(from TNF-α alone),but there was now a 100% increase in J_*** however was no increase in transepithelial leak of two larger probe molecules,~3H-lactulose and ^(14)C-polyethylene glycol(PEG).However,exposure to TNF-α + IFN-γ + Il1β followed by a 5 h exposure to2 mmol/l H_2O_2 resulted in a 500% increase in ^(14)C-PEG leak as well as leak to the luminal mitogen,epidermal growth ***:This model of graded transepithelial leak is useful in evaluating therapeutic agents reducing IBD morbidity by reducing barrier leak to various luminal substances.

关键词： Intestine Crohn’s disease Tight junction Ulcerative colitis CACO-2 Berberine Micronutrient Cytokine

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美国国家卒中协会短暂性脑缺血发作处理指南

中华脑血管病杂志（电子版） 2007年第1期1卷 46-59页

作者： S. Claibome Johnston Mai N. Nguyen-Huynh Miriam E. Schwarz Kate Fuller christina Williams S. Andrew Josephson Graeme J. Hankey Robert G. Hart Steven R. levine Jose Biller Robert D. Brown Ralph l. Sacco l. Jaap Kappelle Peter J. Koudstaal Julien Bogousslavsky louis R. Caplan Jan van Gijn Ale Algra Peter M. Rothwell Harold P. Adams Gregory W. Albers 李海峰（译）不详青岛大学医学院附属医院神经内科 266003

目的：短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）是常见和重要的卒中先兆。其处理方法多样，大多数发表的指南在近年来均未被更新。我们试图制定一个全面的、无偏倚的、循证的TIA处理指南。方法：根据一种客观标准（可以预测在该研究领域中执业医师对专... 详细信息

目的：短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）是常见和重要的卒中先兆。其处理方法多样，大多数发表的指南在近年来均未被更新。我们试图制定一个全面的、无偏倚的、循证的TIA处理指南。方法：根据一种客观标准（可以预测在该研究领域中执业医师对专家提名的文献测量学方法）挑选出15名专家组成员。通过系统回顾检索到过去发表的指南，由专家对其中的推荐意见的质量进行独立评价。选择出质量最高的推荐意见，然后让专家组采用改良Delphi法通过多次问卷调查的方式进行修订，从而对新的修改达成共识。给专家们提供近期临床研究的系统评价，要求专家根据新的证据判断措辞修改的合理性并且根据证据等级和质量对最终的推荐意见进行评定。不允许专家在预期有可能存在任何利益冲突的专题方面提出推荐意见。结果：通过系统回顾检索到257个指南，其中有13篇文献包括的137条推荐意见符合所有纳入标准。需要6次重复的问卷调查对53条最终推荐意见的措辞达成共识。最终的推荐意见涉及TIA的初步处理、评价、内科治疗、外科治疗和危险因素控制。结论：对TIA患者医疗诊治的最终推荐意见强调了紧急评价和治疗的重要性。这种用于制定本指南的新方法是可行的，考虑到了快速更新并能减少偏倚。

关键词：短暂性脑缺血发作指南国家卒中协会

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美国国家卒中协会短暂性脑缺血发作处理指南

国际脑血管病杂志 2007年第3期15卷 161-171页

作者： S. Claiborne Johnston Mai N. Nguyen-Huynh Miriam E. Schwarz Kate Fuller christina Williams S. Andrew Josephsort Graeme J. Hankey Robert G. Hart Steven R. levine Jose Biller Robert D. Brown Ralph l. Sacco l. Jaap Kappelle Peter J. Koudstaal Julien Bogousslavsky louis R. Caplan Jan van Gijn Ale Algra Peter M. Rothwell Harold P. Adams Gregory W. Albers 李海峰（译）不详青岛大学医学院附属医院神经内科 266003

关键词：短暂性脑缺血发作指南国家卒中协会

语言那么多,书却这么少——图书馆竭力让馆藏反映所服务地区的样貌

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2021年第10期 28-29,45,46页

作者： Dorany Pineda Maria l.la Ganga 陈信宏(译) 不详

22詹妮弗·松斯特服务于加州长滩公共图书馆的马克·吐温分馆,那里拥有全美公共图书馆规模最大的柬语藏书。她和同为图书馆员的克莉丝蒂娜·涅前往8000多英里外的柬埔寨,执行一项全美国所有图书馆都必须面对的任务——服务快速变化的城... 详细信息

22詹妮弗·松斯特服务于加州长滩公共图书馆的马克·吐温分馆,那里拥有全美公共图书馆规模最大的柬语藏书。她和同为图书馆员的克莉丝蒂娜·涅前往8000多英里外的柬埔寨,执行一项全美国所有图书馆都必须面对的任务——服务快速变化的城市当中的读者。这项工作的成本不低廉,也不容易。但是它非常重要,尤其是在南加州——这里有迅速增多的外来移民,他们说各种语言,而且对于信息的需求也是包含了从简单到复杂的各个层面。

关键词：图书馆员公共图书馆南加州外来移民马克·吐温馆藏柬埔寨藏书