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Praziquantel decreases fecundity in Schistosoma mansoni adult worms that survive treatment:evidence from a laboratory life-history trade-offs selection study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 988-998页

作者： Poppy H.l.lamberton christina l.faust Joanne P.Webster Institute for Biodiversity Animal Healthand Comparative Medicine&Wellcome Centre for Molecular ParasitologyCollege of MedicalVeterinary&Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowG128QQGlasgowUK london Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonSt Mary’s CampusW21PGLondonUK Centre for Endemic Emerging and Exotic DiseasesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondon AL97TAUK

Background:Mass drug administration of praziquantel is the World Health Organization’s endorsed control strategy for schistosomiasis.A decade of annual treatments across sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in significant reductions of infection prevalence and intensity levels,although‘hotspots’*** drug treatments place strong selective pressures on parasites,which may affect life-history traits that impact transmission *** drug treatment responses and the evolution of such traits can help inform on how to minimise the risk of drug resistance developing,maximise sustainable control programme success,and improve diagnostic ***:We performed a four-generation Schistosoma mansoni praziquantel selection experiment in mice and *** used three *** lines:a praziquantel-resistant isolate(R),a praziquantel-susceptible isolate(S),and a coinfected line(RS),under three treatment regimens:untreated,25 mg/kg praziquantel,or 50 mg/kg *** traits,including parasite adult-worm establishment,survival,reproduction(fecundity),and associated morbidity,were recorded in mice across all four *** variables were tested in a series of generalized linear mixed effects models to determine which factors had a significant influence on parasite life-history traits in definitive hosts under different selection ***:Praziquantel pressure significantly reduced adult-worm burdens across all generations and isolates,including within ***,previous drug treatment resulted in an increase in adult-worm establishment with increasing generation from P1 to *** highest worm numbers were in the co-infected RS *** treatment decreased adult-worm burden,but had a larger negative impact on the mean daily number of miracidia,a proxy for fecundity,across all three parasite ***:Our predicted cost of resistance was not supported by the traits we measured within the murine host.

关键词： Schistosoma mansoni Biomphalaria Mouse Praziquantel Resistance Establishment Survival Fecundity Trade-offs

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Retrospective study of the incidence, risk factors, treatment outcomes of bacterial infections at uncommon sites in cirrhotic patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 418-427页

作者： Sophie Schneitler christina Schneider Markus Casper Frank lammert Marcin Krawczyk Sören l Becker Matthias Christian Reichert Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Saarland UniversityHomburg 66421Germany Department of Medicine II Saarland University Medical CenterHomburg 66421Germany Health Sciences Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany laboratory of Metabolic liver Diseases Department of GeneralTransplant and Liver SurgeryCentre for Preclinical ResearchMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland

BACKGROUND Bacterial infections(BI)negatively affect the natural course of *** most frequent BI are urinary tract infections(UTI),pneumonia,and spontaneousbacterial peritonitis(SBP).AIM To assess the relevance of bacterial infections beyond the commonly recognized types in patients with cirrhosis and to investigate their relationship with other clinical *** We retrospectively analyzed patients with cirrhosis and BI treated between 2015 and 2018 at our tertiary care *** were classified as typical and atypical,and clinical as well as laboratory parameters were compared between the two *** In a cohort of 488 patients with cirrhosis,we identified 225 typical BI(95 UTI,73 SBP,72 pulmonary infections)and 74 atypical BIs,predominantly cholangitis and soft tissue infections(21 each),followed by intra-abdominal BIs(n=9),cholecystitis(n=6),head/throat BIs(n=6),osteoarticular BIs(n=5),and endocarditis(n=3).We did not observe differences concerning age,sex,or etiology of cirrhosis in patients with typical vs atypical *** BIs were more common in patients with more advanced cirrhosis,as evidenced by Model of End Stage liver Disease(15.1±7.4 vs 12.9±5.1;P=0.005)and Child-Pugh scores(8.6±2.5 vs 8.0±2;P=0.05).CONClUSION Atypical BIs in cirrhosis patients exhibit a distinct spectrum and are associated with more advanced stages of the ***,the work-up of cirrhosis patients with suspected BI requires detailed work-up to elucidate whether typical BI can be identified.

关键词： Bacterial infection Empirical antibiotic therapy End-stage liver disease Escherichia coli Multi-resistant pathogens

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Prospective cohort study on facial profile changes in infants with Robin sequence and healthy controls

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第6期20卷 581-589页

作者： Cornelia Wiechers Julian Sowula Karen Kreutzer Christoph E.Schwarz christina Weismann Michael Krimmel Christian F.Poets Bernd Koos Department of Neonatology Tuebingen University HospitalCalwerstrasse 772076 TuebingenGermany Center for Cleft lip Palate and Craniofacial MalformationsTuebingen University HospitalTuebingenGermany Department of Orthodontics Tuebingen University HospitalTuebingenGermany Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Tuebingen University HospitalTuebingenGermany

Background Various conservative and surgical approaches exist to treat Robin sequence(RS),but their effects on facial profile and mandibular catch-up growth are unclear.A functional treatment concept,used in our centre for 25 years,includes an individualized palatal plate with a velo-pharyngeal extension and intensive feeding *** We performed a prospective study to objectively describe facial profiles in infants with RS treated with the above *** with isolated RS were admitted to our tertiary perinatal and national referral centre for craniofacial malformations between May 2018 and Nov *** with RS received 3D-photographs during clinically indicated *** controls were recruited from Dec 2018 to Sep 2019 and received 3D-photographs every 3 *** digitally measured jaw index(JI),defined as alveolar overjet(O)x maxillary arch(U)/mandibular arch(l),and the soft tissue reference points A’-point,Nasion’,B’-point angle(ANB’),describing the relative position of maxilla to mandible,were *** mixed models were used to examine time trajectories in JI and ANB’.Results A total of 2073D images,obtained in 19 infants with RS and 32 controls,were *** and ANB’decreased over time in both groups[for JI−0.18(95%CI−0.25 to−0.10);for ANB’:−0.40°per month[(95%CI−0.48 to−0.32)]]but remained lower in controls[for JI−2.5(95%CI−3.2 to−1.8);for ANB’-1.7°(95%CI−2.4 to−1.0)].Also,the ANB’model showed a significant effect of the interaction term diagnosis x *** Based on longitudinal 3D images,we describe changes in objective parameters of facial profile in infants with and without RS during the first year of *** findings indicate catch-up growth in infants treated for RS.

关键词： Infant Mandibular catch-up growth Pre-epiglottic Baton Plate Robin sequence Three-dimensional photography

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The effect of high-flow oxygen via tracheostomy on respiratory pattern and diaphragmatic function in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation:A randomized,physiological,crossover study

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 202-208页

作者： Elena lytra Stelios Kokkoris Ioannis Poularas Dimitrios Filippiadis Demosthenes Cokkinos Dimitrios Exarhos Spyros Zakynthinos christina Routsi 1st Department of Intensive Care Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensEvangelismos HospitalAthensGreece Radiology Department Evangelismos HospitalAthensGreece 2nd Radiology Department Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAttikon HospitalAthensGreece

Background Compared to conventional oxygen devices,high-flow oxygen treatment(HFOT)through the nasal cannulae has demonstrated clinical *** data exist on whether such effects are also present in HFOT through ***,we aimed to examine the short-term effects of HFOT through tracheostomy on diaphragmatic function and respiratory parameters in tracheostomized patients on prolonged mechanical *** A randomized,crossover,physiological study was conducted in our ICU between December 2020 and April 2021,in patients with tracheostomy and prolonged mechanical *** patients underwent a 30-min spontaneous breathing trial(SBT)and received oxygen either via T-piece or by HFOT through tracheostomy,followed by a washout period of 15-min breathing through the T-piece and receipt of 30-min oxygen with the other modality in a randomized crossover *** the start and end of each session,blood gasses,breathing frequency(f),and tidal volume(VT)via a Wright's spirometer were measured,along with diaphragm ultrasonography including diaphragm excursion and diaphragmatic thickening fraction,which expressed the inspiratory muscle *** Eleven patients were enrolled in whom 19 sessions were uneventfully completed;eight patients were studied twice on two different days with alternate sessions;and three patients were studied *** were randomly assigned to start the SBT with a T-piece(n=10 sessions)or with HFOT(n=9 sessions).With HFOT,VT and minute ventilation(VE)significantly increased during SBT(from[465±119]ml to[549±134]ml,Pl/min to[13.1±4.2]l/min,Ply),but they did not change significantly during SBT with T-piece(from[495±132]ml to[461±123]ml and from[12.8±4.4]ml to[12.0±4.4]ml,respectively);f/VT decreased during HFOT(from[64±31]breaths/(min∙l)to[49±24]breaths/(min∙l),Ply during SBT with T-piece(from[59±28]breaths/(min∙l)to[64±33]breaths/(m

关键词： Diaphragm Diaphragm ultrasonography High-flow oxygen Prolonged mechanical ventilation Tracheostomy

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The effect of laves phases and nano-precipitates on the electrochemical corrosion resistance of Mg-Al-Ca alloys under alkaline conditions

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2447-2461页

作者： Markus Felten Veronika Chaineux Siyuan Zhang Ali Tehranchi Tilmann Hickel christina Scheu Joshua Spille Marta lipińska-Chwałek Joachim Mayer Benjamin Berkels Marcus Hans Imke Greving Silja Flenner Sandra Sefa Daniela Zander Chair of Corrosion and Corrosion Protection RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52072 Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH Düsseldorf 40237 Germany Central Facility for Electron Microscopy RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52074 Germany Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHJülich 52428Germany Mathematical Image and Signal Processing Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering ScienceRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52062 Germany Materials Chemistry RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52074 Germany Institute of Materials Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthacht 21502 Germany

The electrochemical corrosion mechanisms of Mg alloys were extensively studied in previous investigations of different chemical com-positions,modified surface states and various electrolyte ***,recent research focused on the active state of Mg dissolution,leading to unresolved effects of secondary phases adjacent to a stableα-solid solution passive *** present study investigates the fundamental electrochemical corrosion mechanisms of three different laves phases with varying phase morphologies and phase fractions in the passive state of Mg-Al-Ca *** microstructure was characterized by(transmission-)electron microscopy and synchrotron-based transmission X-ray *** electrochemical corrosion resistance was determined with a standard three-electrode setup and advanced in-situ flow cell measurements.A new electrochemical activity sequence(C15>C36>α-Mg>C14)was obtained,as a result of a stable passive layer formation on theα-solid ***,nm-scale Mg-rich precipitates were identified within the laves phases,which tend to inhibit the corrosion kinetics.

关键词： laves phase STEM Magnesium Corrosion Passive layer

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