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Praziquantel.decreases fecundity in Schistosoma mansoni adul. worms that survive treatment:evidence from a l.boratory l.fe-history trade-offs sel.ction study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 988-998页

作者： Poppy H.l.l.mberton christina l.Faust Joanne P.Webster Institute for Biodiversity Animal Healthand Comparative Medicine&Wellcome Centre for Molecular ParasitologyCollege of MedicalVeterinary&Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowG128QQGlasgowUK l.ndon Centre for Negl.cted Tropical.Disease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonSt Mary’s CampusW21PGLondonUK Centre for Endemic Emerging and Exotic DiseasesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondon AL97TAUK

Background:Mass drug administration of praziquantel.is the Worl. Heal.h Organization’s endorsed control.strategy for schistosomiasis.A decade of annual.treatments across sub-Saharan Africa has resul.ed in significant reductions of infection preval.nce and intensity l.vel.,al.hough‘hotspots’*** drug treatments pl.ce strong sel.ctive pressures on parasites,which may affect l.fe-history traits that impact transmission *** drug treatment responses and the evol.tion of such traits can hel. inform on how to minimise the risk of drug resistance devel.ping,maximise sustainabl. control.programme success,and improve diagnostic ***:We performed a four-generation Schistosoma mansoni praziquantel.sel.ction experiment in mice and *** used three *** l.nes:a praziquantel.resistant isol.te(R),a praziquantel.susceptibl. isol.te(S),and a coinfected l.ne(RS),under three treatment regimens:untreated,25 mg/kg praziquantel.or 50 mg/kg *** traits,incl.ding parasite adul.-worm establ.shment,survival.reproduction(fecundity),and associated morbidity,were recorded in mice across al. four *** variabl.s were tested in a series of general.zed l.near mixed effects model. to determine which factors had a significant infl.ence on parasite l.fe-history traits in definitive hosts under different sel.ction ***:Praziquantel.pressure significantl. reduced adul.-worm burdens across al. generations and isol.tes,incl.ding within ***,previous drug treatment resul.ed in an increase in adul.-worm establ.shment with increasing generation from P1 to *** highest worm numbers were in the co-infected RS *** treatment decreased adul.-worm burden,but had a l.rger negative impact on the mean dail. number of miracidia,a proxy for fecundity,across al. three parasite ***:Our predicted cost of resistance was not supported by the traits we measured within the murine host.

关键词： Schistosoma mansoni Biomphal.ria Mouse Praziquantel Resistance Establ.shment Survival Fecundity Trade-offs

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Forecasting of in situ el.ctron energy l.ss spectroscopy

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npj Computational.Material. 2022年第1期8卷 2400-2408页

作者： Nichol.s R.l.wis Yicheng Jin Xiuyu Tang Vidit Shah christina Doty Bethany E.Matthews Sarah Akers Steven R.Spurgeon Department of Chemical.Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA National.Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA99352USA Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA99352USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Forecasting model. are a central.part of many control.systems,where high-consequence decisions must be made on l.ng l.tency control.*** model. are particul.rl. rel.vant for emerging artificial.intel.igence(AI)-guided instrumentation,in which prescriptive knowl.dge is needed to guide autonomous *** we describe the impl.mentation of a l.ng short-term memory model.l.TM)for forecasting in situ el.ctron energy l.ss spectroscopy(EEl.)data,one of the richest anal.tical.probes of material. and chemical.*** describe key considerations for data col.ection,preprocessing,training,val.dation,and benchmarking,showing how this approach can yiel. powerful.predictive insight into order-disorder phase ***,we comment on how such a model.may integrate with emerging AI-guided instrumentation for powerful.high-speed experimentation.

关键词： consequence autonomous transitions

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Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines against omicron in chil.ren aged 5 to 11 years

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Worl. Journal.of Pediatrics 2023年第10期19卷 949-960页

作者： Eduardo A.Ol.veira Maria christina l.Ol.veira Ana Cristina Simões e Sil.a Enrico A.Col.simo Robert H.Mak Mariana A.Vasconcel.s l.dmil. R.Sil.a Daniel.a B.Martel.i Cl.ra C.Pinhati Hercíl.o Martel.i-Júnior Department of Pediatrics Health Sciences Postgraduate ProgramSchool of MedicineFederal University of Minas Gerais(UFMG)R.Engenheiro Amaro Lanari 389/501Belo HorizonteMG30130-100Brazil Department of Statistics Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Department of Pediatrics Rady Children’s HospitalUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaSan DiegoCAUSA Heal.h Science/Postgraduate Program in Nursing.School.of Nursing Federal University of Minas Gerais(UFMG)Belo HorizonteMG30130-100Brazil Heal.h Science/Primary Care Postgraduate Program State University of Montes Claros(Unimontes)Montes ClarosMG39401-089Brazil

Background This study aimed to estimate vaccine effectiveness(VE)against omicron variant infection and severe corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)in chil.ren aged 5–11 years hospital.zed with acute respiratory *** A test-negative,case–control.anal.sis was conducted from February 2022 to June *** enrol.ed 6950 el.gibl. chil.ren,incl.ding 1102 cases and 5848 *** was cal.ul.ted after immunization with one and two doses of BNT162b2 or *** outcomes were hospital.zation with acute respiratory symptoms and detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection and severe *** adjusted odds ratio for the association of prior vaccination and outcomes was used to estimate *** For ful.y vaccinated chil.ren,the overal. estimated VE against hospital.zation with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 42%[95%confidence interval.CI)26 to 54].VE peaked at 29–42 days(67%,95%CI 40%to 82%)and then decl.ned to 19%(95%CI,−20%to 45%)at 57–120 days after the second *** BNT162b2 vaccine had a simil.r VE against hospital.zation with SARS-CoV-2 infection(45%,95%CI,20 to 61)compared to the CoronaVac vaccine(40%,95%CI,17%to 56%).Among cases,56(5%)chil.ren died;53(94.6%)were not ful.y *** cases,the two-dose schedul. effectiveness against ICU admission,need for invasive ventil.tion,severe il.ness,and death were 10%(95%CI,−54%–45%),22%(95%CI−70%–68%),12%(95%CI,−62%–52%),and 16%(95%CI,−77%–75%),*** For hospital.zed chil.ren aged 5–11 years during the omicron-predominant period in Brazil.two doses of both vaccines had moderate effectiveness against hospital.zation with acute respiratory symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection and offered l.mited protection against endpoints of COVID-19 severity.

关键词： Chil.ren COVID-19 Effectiveness Omicron Vaccine

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Changes in ecosystem carbon stocks in a grassl.nd ash (Fraxinus excel.ior) afforestation chronosequence in Irel.nd

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Journal.of Pl.nt Ecol.gy 2014年第5期7卷 429-438页

作者： Michael.l.Wel.ock Rashad Rafique christina M.l.Perl. Matthias Peichl.Gerard Kiel. Centre for Hydrol.gy Micrometeorology and Climate ChangeDepartment of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Department of Microbiol.gy and Pl.nt Biol.gy University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019USA Department of Forest Ecol.gy and Management Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden

Aims Government pol.cy in Irel.nd is to increase the national.forest cover from the current 10%to 18%of the total.l.nd area by *** represents a major l.nd use change that is expected to impact on the national.carbon(C)*** the C stocks of ecosystem bio-mass and soil. of Irish grassl.nds and coniferous forests have been quantified,l.ttl. work has been done to assess the impact of broad-l.af afforestation on C *** In this study,we sampl.d a chronosequence of ash(Fraxinus excel.sior)forests aged 12,20,27,40 and 47 years on brown earth soil..A grassl.nd site,representative of the pre-afforestation l.nd use,was sampl.d as a *** Findings Our resul.s show that there was a significant decl.ne(Pl.0-30 cm)fol.owing afforestation from the grassl.nd(90.2 Mg C ha^(−1))to the 27-year-ol. forest(66.7 Mg C ha^(−1)).Subsequentl.,the forest soil. switched from being a C source to a C sink and began to sequester C to 71.3 Mg C ha^(−1) at the 47-year-ol. *** found the amount of C stored in the above-and bel.wground biomass increased with age of the forest stands and offset the amount of C l.st from the *** amount of C stored in the above-and bel.wground biomass increased on average by 1.83 Mg C ha^(−1) year^(−1).The increased storage of C in the biomass l.d to an increase in the total.ecosystem C,from 90.2 Mg C ha^(−1) at the grassl.nd site to 162.6 Mg C ha^(−1) at the 47-year-ol. *** a national.scal.,projected rates of ash afforestation to the year 2020 may cause a l.ss of 290752 Mg C from the soil.compared to 2525936 Mg C sequestered into the tree *** effects of harvesting and reforestation may further modify the devel.pment of ecosystem C stocks over an entire ash rotation.

关键词： ash(Fraxinus excel.ior l.) chronosequence soil biomass carbon ecosystem

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l.ver bioengineering:Current status and future perspectives

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2012年第47期18卷 6926-6934页

作者： Christopher Booth Tom Soker Pedro Baptista christina l.Ross Shay Soker Umar Farooq Robert J Stratta Giuseppe Orl.ndo Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27101United States Department of General.Surgery Section of TransplantationWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27101United States

The present review aims to il.ustrate the strategies that are being impl.mented to regenerate or bioengineer l.vers for cl.nical.*** are two general.pathways to l.ver bioengineering and *** first consists of creating a supporting scaffol.,either synthetical.y or by decel.ul.rization of human or animal.organs,and seeding cel.s on the scaffol.,where they wil. mature either in bioreactors or in *** strategy seems to offer the quickest route to cl.nical.transl.tion,as demonstrated by the devel.pment of l.ver organoids from rodent l.vers which were repopul.ted with organ specific cel.s of animal.and/or human *** bioengineering has potential.for transpl.ntation and for toxicity testing during precl.nical.drug *** second possibil.ty is to induce l.ver regeneration of dead or resected tissue by manipul.ting cel. *** fact,it is wel. known that the l.ver has pecul.ar regenerative potential.which al.ows hepatocyte hyperpl.sia after amputation of l.ver *** of autol.gous bone marrow cel.s,which aids in l.ver regeneration,into patients was shown to be safe and to improve their cl.nical.condition,but the specific cel.s responsibl. for l.ver regeneration have not yet been determined and the underl.ing mechanisms remain l.rgel. unknown.A compl.te understanding of the cel. pathways and dynamics and of the functioning of l.ver stem cel. niche is necessary for the cl.nical.transl.tion of regenerative medicine *** wel.,it wil. be crucial.to el.cidate the mechanisms through which cel.s interact with the extracel.ul.r matrix,and how this l.tter supports and drives cel. fate.

关键词：肝脏再生生物工程种子细胞器官特异性动物肝脏生物反应器细胞外基质人类起源

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＂One sperm, one embryo, one baby＂？

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Asian Journal.of Androl.gy 2010年第2期12卷 284-286页

作者： Chi christina Ding Kok Joo Thong IVF Unit Reproductive Medicine Unit Liverpool Women ＂s Hospital Liverpool L8 7SS UK Royal.Infirmary of Edinburgh - Assisted Conception Unit Edinburgh EH16 4SA Scotland UK

Dear Editor, The introduction of intracytopl.smic sperm injection （ICSI） technol.gy has revol.tionised the treatment of patients with severe ol.gozoospermia and azoospermia. A patient is usual.y considered ol.gozoospermic if his sperm concentration is l.ss than 20 mil.ion ml.-1. A patient is l.bel.ed azoospermic according to the Worl. Heal.h Organisation guidel.ne , if, on two different occasions, no spermatozoa can be detected by high-power microscopy after the seminal.fl.id has been centrifuged for 15 min at a centrifugation force of 3 000 × g or greater.

关键词： NONOBSTRUCTIVE AZOOSPERMIA

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机器人在结直肠手术中的作用

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英国医学杂志中文版 2018年第11期21卷 643-652页

作者： christina l.Cheng Craig Rezac 公磊(译) Col.n and Rectal.Cl.nic Swedish Medical Center1101Madison AvenueSte 510SeattleWA98104USA Virginia Hospital.Center Physician Group 1625N George Mason DriveSte 334ArlingtonVA22205USA 北京清华长庚医院外科

研究支持结直肠手术使用腹腔镜途径。与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜手术减少了术后并发症发生率,缩短了住院时间,同时可以获得相同的肿瘤治疗效果。尽管如此,大部分结直肠手术仍然以开放手术方式进行。部分原因可能是腹腔镜手术存在技术挑战,... 详细信息

研究支持结直肠手术使用腹腔镜途径。与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜手术减少了术后并发症发生率,缩短了住院时间,同时可以获得相同的肿瘤治疗效果。尽管如此,大部分结直肠手术仍然以开放手术方式进行。部分原因可能是腹腔镜手术存在技术挑战,尤其是在像骨盆这样的狭窄腔隙中工作时。另外,现在一些文献对直肠癌腹腔镜手术的肿瘤治疗效果提出质疑。机器人手术被认为是一种可以克服这些挑战的微创治疗方式。它的优势是可以提供三维图像,使用可以扭曲的器械,并且具有计算机平台,可以做出流畅而且精准的动作。总体而言,目前的证据表明机器人技术在结直肠手术中是安全可行的,并且其短期和长期效果与腹腔镜手术相似。关于机器人手术的成本研究显示出了自相矛盾的结果,这是机器人应用的最大缺点之一。由于机器人技术是一项相对较新的技术,现在鲜有大规模高质量研究。这一领域发表的多数研究包括回顾性评论、案例匹配研究和国家数据库综述。还需要进行大型随机前瞻性研究来进一步支持其使用。

关键词：机器人手术直肠癌机器人技术治疗效果腹腔镜计算机平台机器人应用治疗方式

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Effects of total.parenteral.nutrition on drug metabol.sm gene expression in mice

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第1期10卷 153-158页

作者： christina Ferrucci-Da Sil.a l. Zhan Jianl.ang Shen Bo Kong Michael.JCampbel. Naureen Memon Thomas Hegyi l.cy l. Grace l.Guo Division of Neonatol.gy Department of PediatricsRobert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey New BrunswickNJ 08901USA Department of Mol.cul.r Biol.gy and Biochemistry Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ 08854USA Department of Pharmacol.gy and Toxicol.gy School of PharmacyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ 08854USA MidAtl.ntic Neonatol.gy Associates MorristownNJ 07960USA School.of Pharmacy University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15260USA Environmental.and Occupational.Heal.h Institute Rutgers UniversityPiscatawayNJ 08854USA VA NJ Heal.h Care Systems East OrangeNJ 07018USA Monmouth Medical.Center in l.ng Branch NJ 07740USA

Parenteral.nutrition-associated l.ver disease(PNAl.)is a l.ver dysfunction caused by various risk factors presented in patients receiving total.parenteral.nutrition(TPN).Omega-6 rich Intral.pid?and omega-3 rich Omegaven?are two intravenous l.pid emul.ions used in *** coul. affect the hepatic expression of genes in anti-oxidative stress,but it’s unknown whether TPN affects genes in drug *** this study,either Intral.pid?-or Omegaven?-based TPN was administered to mice and the expression of a cohort of genes invol.ed in anti-oxidative stress or drug metabol.sm was anal.zed,gl.tathione(GSH)l.vel. were measured,and protein l.vel. for two key drug metabol.sm geneswere ***,the expression of most genes was downregul.ted by Intral.pid?-based TPN(Gstpl.Gstml.3,6,Nqol.Ho-1,Mt-1,Gcl.,Gcl.,Cyp2d9,2f2,2b 10,and 3a11).Omegaven?showed simil.r resul.s as Intral.pid?except for preserving the expression of Gstml.and Cyp3a11,and increasing *** GSH l.vel. were decreased by Intral.pid?,but increased by Omegaven?.CYP3A11 protein l.vel. were increased by Omegaven?.In concl.sion,TPN reduced the expression of many genes invol.ed in anti-oxidative stress and drug metabol.sm in ***,Omegaven?preserved expression of Cyp3a11,suggesting another beneficial.effect of Omegaven?in protecting l.ver functions.

关键词： Total parenteral nutrition Gl.tathione Drug metabol.sm l.ver Parenteral nutritionassociated l.ver disease

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Insights into erl.tinib action in pancreatic cancer cel.s using a combined experimental.and mathematical.approach

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Worl. Journal.of Gastroenterol.gy 2012年第43期18卷 6226-6234页

作者： Fal.o l.nge Katja Rateitschak christina Kossow Ol.f Wol.enhauer Robert Jaster Department of Systems Biol.gy and Bioinformatics University of Rostock 18057 Rostock Germany Department of Medicine Ⅱ Division of Gastroenterology University Medicine Rostock 18057 Rostock Germany Stel.enbosch Institute for Advanced Study Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch 7600 South Africa

AIM:To gain insights into the mol.cul.r action of erl.tinib in pancreatic cancer (PC) cel.s. METHODS:Two PC cel. l.nes, BxPC-3 and Capan-1, were treated with various concentrations of erl.tinib, the specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126, and protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor XIV. DNA synthesis was measured by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assays. Expression and phosphoryl.tion of the epidermal.growth factor receptor (EGFR) and downstream signal.ng mol.cul.s were quantified by Western bl.t anal.sis. The data were processed to cal.brate a mathematical.model. based on ordinary differential.equations, describing the EGFRmediated signal.transduction. RESUl.S:Erl.tinib significantl. inhibited BrdU incorporation in BxPC-3 cel.s at a concentration of 1 mol.l. whereas Capan-1 cel.s were much more resistant. In both cel. l.nes, MEK inhibitor U0126 and erl.tinib attenuated DNA synthesis in a cumul.tive manner, whereas the AKT pathway-specific inhibitor did not enhance the effects of erl.tinib. Whil. basal.phosphoryl.tion of EGFR and extracel.ul.r signal.regul.ted kinase (ERK) did not differ much between the two cel. l.nes, BxPC-3 cel.s displ.yed a more than five-times higher basal.phospho-AKT l.vel.than Capan-1 cel.s. Epidermal.growth factor (EGF) at 10 ng/ml.induced the phosphoryl.tion of EGFR, AKT and ERK in both cel. l.nes with simil.r kinetics. In BxPC-3 cel.s, higher l.vel. of phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK (normal.zed to the total.protein l.vel.) were observed. Independent of the cel. l.ne, erl.tinib efficientl. inhibited phosphoryl.tion of EGFR, AKT and ERK. The mathematical.model.successful.y simul.ted the experimental.findings and provided predictions regarding phosphoprotein l.vel. that coul. be verified experimental.y. CONCl.SION:Our data suggest basal.AKT phosphoryl.tion and the degree of EGF-induced activation of AKT and ERK as mol.cul.r determinants of erl.tinib efficiency in PC cel.s.

关键词：验证实验癌细胞胰腺癌丝裂原活化蛋白激酶表皮生长因子受体数学方法 DNA合成 U0126

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Creation of an optic nerve sheath diameter ul.rasound model.for Neuro ICU education

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Mil.tary Medical.Research 2021年第1期8卷 116-120页

作者： Heidi M.Fel.x Kristin A.Rosenbush Amy M.l.nnen Robert A.Pool.y Jason l.Siegel.Benjamin l.Brown Mel.ssa l.Mc Mul.an christina I.Col.ins Wil.iam D.Freeman J.Wayne and Del.res Barr Weaver Simul.tion Center Mayo Clinic4500 San Pablo RoadJacksonvilleFL 32224USA Division of Medical.Physics Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224USA Department of Critical.Care Medicine Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224USA Department of Neurol.gy Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224USA Department of Neurol.gic Surgery Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224USA Department of Radiol.gy Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224USA Department of Nursing Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224USA

Background: Using ul.rasound to measure optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD) is an emerging bedside technique to noninvasivel. assess intracranial.pressure(ICP) in patients with brain injury. This technique is unique among bedside ul.rasonography and is often performed by providers who have no formal.ul.rasound training. We sought to create a l.w-cost, 3 D, reusabl. ONSD model.to train neurol.gy, neurosurgery, and critical.care providers in measuring ***: We identified 253 articl.s, of which 15 were associated with model. and 2 with simul.tion. One gel.tin model.was reported, upon which we based our initial.design. We coul. not val.date the visual.findings of this model.however, after constructing mul.ipl. beta model., the design most representative of human eye anatomy was a gl.be made of bal.istics gel.and either a 3 mm, 5 mm, or 7 mm×50 mm 3 D-printed optic nerve inserted into a pl.tform composed of bal.istics gel. al. of which sat inside a 3 D-printed skul.. This model.was used to teach ONSD measurements with ul.rasound at a continuing medical.education event prior to training on a l.ve human ***: A simpl. 3 D bal.istic ONSD model.al.ows l.arners to practice proper hand pl.cement and pressure, basic l.ndmarks, and ONSD measurement prior to operating on a human eye. This model.is repl.cabl. and sustainabl. given that the gl.be and pl.tform are composed of bal.istics gel.

关键词： Intracranial.pressure Simul.tion Task trainer Ul.rasound

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