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liver bioengineering:Current status and future perspectives

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第47期18卷 6926-6934页

作者： Christopher Booth Tom Soker Pedro Baptista christina l ross Shay Soker Umar Farooq Robert J Stratta Giuseppe Orlando Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27101United States Department of General Surgery Section of TransplantationWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27101United States

The present review aims to illustrate the strategies that are being implemented to regenerate or bioengineer livers for clinical *** are two general pathways to liver bioengineering and *** first consists of creating a supporting scaffold,either synthetically or by decellularization of human or animal organs,and seeding cells on the scaffold,where they will mature either in bioreactors or in *** strategy seems to offer the quickest route to clinical translation,as demonstrated by the development of liver organoids from rodent livers which were repopulated with organ specific cells of animal and/or human *** bioengineering has potential for transplantation and for toxicity testing during preclinical drug *** second possibility is to induce liver regeneration of dead or resected tissue by manipulating cell *** fact,it is well known that the liver has peculiar regenerative potential which allows hepatocyte hyperplasia after amputation of liver *** of autologous bone marrow cells,which aids in liver regeneration,into patients was shown to be safe and to improve their clinical condition,but the specific cells responsible for liver regeneration have not yet been determined and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.A complete understanding of the cell pathways and dynamics and of the functioning of liver stem cell niche is necessary for the clinical translation of regenerative medicine *** well,it will be crucial to elucidate the mechanisms through which cells interact with the extracellular matrix,and how this latter supports and drives cell fate.

关键词： liver Regenerative medicine Tissue engineering Extracellular matrix Scaffold Stem cells

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Kidney regeneration: Where we are and future perspectives

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World Journal of Nephrology 2014年第3期3卷 24-30页

作者： Joao Paulo Zambon Renata S Magalhaes Inkap Ko christina l ross Giuseppe Orlando Andrea Peloso Anthony Atala James J Yoo Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine North Carolina NC 27104 United States Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo 04021-001 Brazil Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia and University of Pavia 27103 Pavia Italy

In 2012, about 16487 people received kidney transplants in the United States, whereas 95022 candidates were on the waiting list by the end of the year. Despite advances in renal transplant immunology, approximately 40% of recipients will die or lose graft within 10 years. The limitations of current therapies for renal failure have led researchers to explore the development of modalities that could improve, restore, or replace the renal function. The aim of this paper is to describe a reasonable approach for kidney regeneration and review the current literature regarding cell sources and mechanisms to develop a bioengineering kidney. Due to kidneys peculiar anatomy, extracellular matrix based scaffolds are rational starting point for their regeneration. The perfusion of detergents through the kidney vasculature is an effcient method for delivering decel-lularizing agents to cells and for removing of cellular material from the tissue. Many efforts have focused on the search of a reliable cell source to provide enrichment for achieving stable renal cell systems. For an effcient bioengineered kidney, these cells must be attached to the organ and then maturated into the bio-ractors, which simulates the human body environment.A functional bioengineered kidney is still a big challenge for scientists. In the last ten years we have got many improvements on the feld of solid organ regeneration; however, we are still far away from the main target. Currently, regenerative centers worldwide have been striving to find feasible strategies to develop bioengi-neered kidneys. Cell-scaffold technology gives hope to end-stage renal disease patients who struggle with morbidity and mortality due to extended periods on dialysis or immunosupression. The potential of bioengi-neered organ is to provide a reliable source of organs, which can be refunctionalized and transplanted.

关键词： Kidney regeneration Stem cells Decellularization Extra cellular matrix Regenerative medicine

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Determination of selected semi-volatile organic compounds in water using automated online solid-phase extraction with large-volume injection/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2011年第3期5卷 417-425页

作者： Yongtao lI christina l.MCCARTY Ed J.GEORGE Drinking Water Quality laboratory Underwriters Laboratories Inc.South BendIN 46617USA Chemical Analysis Bruker DaltonicsFremontCA 94538USA

A rapid,sensitive,and cost-effective analyticalmethod was developed for the analysis of selected semivolatileorganic compounds in *** method used anautomated online solid-phase extraction technique coupledwith programmed-temperature vaporization large-volumeinjection gas chromatography/mass *** samples were extracted by using a fully automatedmobile rack system based on x-y-z robotic techniquesusing syringes and disposable 96-well extraction *** method was validated for the analysis of 30 semivolatileanalytes in drinking water,groundwater,andsurface *** a sample volume of 10 ml,the linearcalibrations ranged from 0.01 or 0.05 to 2.5μg·l^(-1),and themethod detection limits were less than 0.1μg·l^(-1).For thereagent water samples fortified at 1.0μg·l^(-1)and2.0μg·l^(-1),the obtained mean absolute recoveries were70%-130%with relative standard deviations of less than20%for most *** the drinking water,groundwater,and surface water samples fortified at 1.0μg·l^(-1),theobtained mean absolute recoveries were 50%-130%withrelative standard deviations of less than 20%for *** new method demonstrated three advantages:1)no manipulation except the fortification of surrogatestandards prior to extraction;2)significant cost reductionassociated with sample collection,shipping,storage,andpreparation;and 3)reduced exposure to hazardous solventsand other *** a result,this new automatedmethod can be used as an effective approach for screeningand/or compliance monitoring of selected semi-volatileorganic compounds in water.

关键词： automated solid-phase extraction programmed-temperature vaporization large-volume injection gas chromatography/mass spectrometry semi-volatile organic compounds water analysis

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Tolerance to individual and joint effects of arsenic and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis or lysinibacillus sphaericus in Culex mosquitoes

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 477-485页

作者： christina l. Mogren William E. Walton John T. Trumble Department of Entomology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Arsenic contamination of global water supplies has come to the forefront in policy decisions in recent decades. However, the effects of arsenic on lower trophic levels of insects inhabiting contaminated ecosystems are not well understood. One approach to document both acute and sublethal effects of toxicants like arsenic is to assay them in combination with microbial pathogens to evaluate shifts in survival curves of the test organisms. larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tarsalis were reared in water containing 0 or 1 000μg/l of arsenate or arsenite. Fourth instars were then exposed to a range of doses of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis （Bti） or lysinibacillus sphaericus （ls）, with shifts in lethal concentrations determined. Arsenic accumulation in 4th instars was also quantified, and a relative growth index （RGI） calculated for the treatments and compared to controls. larvae of both species accumulated between 4 447 ± 169 ng As/g and 6 983 4- 367 ng As/g, though RGI values indicated accumulation did not affect growth and development. In all cases, the lC50＇s and lC90＇s of Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed jointly with arsenic and Bti/ls were higher than Cx. tarsafis. Cx. tarsafis reared in arsenite showed a significant reduction in their Bti lC90 values compared to the control, indicating a sublethal effect of Bti. When exposed jointly with ls, arsenite was more toxic than arsenate in Cx. tarsalis. Overall, these results indicate tolerance of these Culex species to arsenic exposures, and why this may occur is discussed.

关键词： arsenate arsenite Bsph Bti Culex tarsalis Culex quinquefasciatus

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Praziquantel decreases fecundity in Schistosoma mansoni adult worms that survive treatment:evidence from a laboratory life-history trade-offs selection study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 988-998页

作者： Poppy H.l.lamberton christina l.Faust Joanne P.Webster Institute for Biodiversity Animal Healthand Comparative Medicine&Wellcome Centre for Molecular ParasitologyCollege of MedicalVeterinary&Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowG128QQGlasgowUK london Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonSt Mary’s CampusW21PGLondonUK Centre for Endemic Emerging and Exotic DiseasesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondon AL97TAUK

Background:Mass drug administration of praziquantel is the World Health Organization’s endorsed control strategy for schistosomiasis.A decade of annual treatments across sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in significant reductions of infection prevalence and intensity levels,although‘hotspots’*** drug treatments place strong selective pressures on parasites,which may affect life-history traits that impact transmission *** drug treatment responses and the evolution of such traits can help inform on how to minimise the risk of drug resistance developing,maximise sustainable control programme success,and improve diagnostic ***:We performed a four-generation Schistosoma mansoni praziquantel selection experiment in mice and *** used three *** lines:a praziquantel-resistant isolate(R),a praziquantel-susceptible isolate(S),and a coinfected line(RS),under three treatment regimens:untreated,25 mg/kg praziquantel,or 50 mg/kg *** traits,including parasite adult-worm establishment,survival,reproduction(fecundity),and associated morbidity,were recorded in mice across all four *** variables were tested in a series of generalized linear mixed effects models to determine which factors had a significant influence on parasite life-history traits in definitive hosts under different selection ***:Praziquantel pressure significantly reduced adult-worm burdens across all generations and isolates,including within ***,previous drug treatment resulted in an increase in adult-worm establishment with increasing generation from P1 to *** highest worm numbers were in the co-infected RS *** treatment decreased adult-worm burden,but had a larger negative impact on the mean daily number of miracidia,a proxy for fecundity,across all three parasite ***:Our predicted cost of resistance was not supported by the traits we measured within the murine host.

关键词： Schistosoma mansoni Biomphalaria Mouse Praziquantel Resistance Establishment Survival Fecundity Trade-offs

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Context-dependent integrated stress resistance promotes a global invasive pest

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Insect Science 2022年第6期29卷 1790-1804页

作者： Vimbai l.Tarusikirwa ross N.Cuthbert Reyard Mutamiswa Casper Nyamukondiwa Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology Botswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyeBotswana GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Ozeanforschung Kiel KielGermany School of Biological Sciences Queen's University BelfastNorth ern IrelandUnited Kingdom Department of Zoology and Entomology University of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa Tugwi-Mukosi Multidisciplinary Research Institute Midlands State UniversityGweruZimbabwe Department of Zoology and Entomology.Rhodes University MakhandaSouth Africa

In nature,insects concurrently face multiple environmental stressors,a sce-nario likely increasing with climate *** stress resistance(ISR)thus often improves fitness and could drive invasiveness,but how physiological mechanisms influ-ence invasion has lacked ***,we investigated cross-tolerance to abiotic stress factors which may influence range limits in the South American tomato pinworm a global invader that is an ecologically and socially damaging crop ***,we tested the effects of prior rapid cold-and heat-hardening(RCH and RHH),fasting,and desiccation on cold and heat tolerance traits,as well as starvation and desiccation sur-vivability between *** life *** effects on critical thermal minima(CT_(min))and maxima(CT_(max))were inconsistent,showing significantly deleterious effects of RCH on adult CT_(max) and CT_(min) and,conversely,beneficial acclimation effects of RCH on larval CT_(min).While no beneficial effects of desiccation acclimation were recorded for desiccation tolerance,fasted individuals had significantly higher survival in adults,whereas fasting negatively affected larval ***,fasted and desiccation acclimated adults had significantly higher starvation tolerance,showing strong evidence for *** results show context-dependent ISR traits that may promote *** fitness and *** the frequent overlapping occurrence of these divergent stressors,ISR reported here may thus partly elucidate the observed rapid global spread of *** into more stressful environments than *** information is vital in determining the underpinnings of multistressor responses,which are fundamental in forecasting species responses to changing environments and management responses.

关键词： acclimation cross-talk cross-tolerance invasive species thermal tolerance tomato leaf miner

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Aortic valve replacement reduces mortality in moderate aortic stenosis:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第1期20卷 61-67页

作者： Kyle B Franke Dimple Bhatia ross l Roberts-Thomson Peter J Psaltis Adelaide Medical School The University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Vascular Research Centre Lifelong Health ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research InstituteAdelaideAustralia Department of Cardiology Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaideAustralia

BACKGROUND With the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement and an evolving understanding of the natural progression and history of aortic stenosis,the potential for earlier intervention in appropriate patients is promising;however,the benefit of aortic valve replacement in moderate aortic stenosis remains *** Pubmed,Embase,and the Cochrane library databases were searched up until 30th of December 2021 using keywords including moderate aortic stenosis and aortic valve *** reporting all-cause mortality and outcomes in early aortic valve replacement(AVR)compared to conservative management in patients with moderate aortic stenosis were *** ratios were generated using random-effects meta-analysis to determine effect *** 3470 publications were screened with title and abstract review,which left 169 articles for full-text *** these studies,7 met inclusion criteria and were included,totalling 4,827 *** studies treated AVR as a time-dependent co-variable in cox-regression multivariate analysis of all-cause *** with surgical or transcatheter AVR was associated with a 45% decreased risk of all-cause mortality(HR=0.55[0.42-0.68],I2=51.5%,Pll studies were representative of the overall cohort with appropriate sample sizes,with no evidence of publication,detection,or information biases in any of the *** In this systematic review and meta-analysis,we report a 45% reduction in all-cause mortality in patients with moderate aortic stenosis who were treated with early aortic valve replacement compared to a strategy of conservative *** control trials are awaited to determine the utility of AVR in moderate aortic stenosis.

关键词： aortic stenosis analysis

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Nutritional epidemiology methods and related statistical challenges and opportunities

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Statistical Theory and Related Fields 2018年第1期2卷 2-10页

作者： ross l.Prentice Ying Huang Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington SeattleWAUSA

The public health importance of nutritional epidemiology research is discussed,along withmethodological challenges to obtaining reliable information on dietary approaches to chronicdisease *** issues in assessing dietary intake need to be addressed toobtain reliable disease association ***-reported dietary data typically incorporatemajor random and systematic *** biomarkers offer potential for more reliable analyses,but biomarkers have been established only for a few dietary variables,and these may be tooexpensive to apply to all participants in large epidemiologic cohorts.A possible way forwardinvolves additional nutritional biomarker development using high-dimensional metabolomicprofiling,using blood and urine specimens,in conjunction withfurther development of statisticalapproaches for accommodating measurement error with failure time response *** the opportunity to contribute greatly to worldwide public health through the development of statistical methods to address these nutritional epidemiology research challenges,asis elaborated in this contribution.

关键词： Chronic disease epidemiology failure time data hazard ratio measurement error metabolomics nutritional biomarker regression calibration

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Response to discussion of‘Nutritional epidemiology methods and related statistical challenges and opportunities’

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Statistical Theory and Related Fields 2018年第1期2卷 23-26页

作者： ross l.Prentice Ying Huang Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington Seattle WAUSA

We very much appreciate each of the three sets of comments on our *** manuscript argued thatthe nutritional epidemiology research area,which is soimportant to worldwide public health,is burdened withchallenges in estimating dietary intakes,both shortterm intakes and intakes over the years or decades thatmay be relevant to chronic disease *** nutritional epidemiology literature having chronic diseaseoutcomes mostly relies on dietary self-report *** few dietary variables having an established objective measure(biomarker),comparison with self-reportdata suggests that the data include not only a large‘noise’component,which available statistical methods can typically accommodate,but frequently also alarge systematic bias component that,for example,maydepend on such study subject body mass index(BMI),age and ethnicity,among other *** is the needto address this systematic bias component of dietaryintake assessment that stimulates our call for additionalreliance on biomarkers,for additional biomarker development,and for the development of novel and flexible statistical methods for use in disease associationanalyses.

关键词： intake epidemiology mostly

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Effect of protein sources on performance characteristics of turkeys in the first three weeks of life

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第4期5卷 396-406页

作者： Megan l.ross Dervan D.S.l.Bryan Dawn A.Abbott Henry l.Classen Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonS7N 5A8SaskatchewanCanada

The effect of nutrition during the early life of turkey poults has a long-lasting impact on bird *** study assessed the digestibility of 5 high protein feed ingredients(soybean meal [SBM],corn gluten meal [CGM],canola protein concentrate [CPC],fish meal [FM],and porcine meal [PCM]) in broiler chickens,as well as their use in turkey pre-starter diets fed to 21 d of *** first experiment(5 × 2 factorial arrangement) determined nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy(AMEn) and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility(AIAAD) of each ingredient in broiler chickens at 5 and 21 d of age,using 6 replications of 30 and 8 chicks,*** the second experiment(completely randomized design),4 replication pens,containing 23 d-old poults,were randomly assigned to one of 5 dietary *** diets were formulated based on the AMEn and AIAAD values derived in the first experiment,and consisted of a high SBM control diet,and 4 additional diets with either CPC,FM,PCM or CGM replacing 25% of the protein supplied by SBM in the control *** analysis was completed using Proc Mixed in SAS *** contrasts were used to compare treatments in the second *** were identified at P lue at d 5 was higher than that at d *** ileal amino acid digestibility increased with age for most amino acids(AA),but the response was AA and protein source *** largest average increase in AIAAD between 5 and 21 d of age was observed for *** of CPC,FM,PCM,or CGM increased body weight up to 14 d,in comparison to poults fed the SBM diet,but feed efficiency and water consumption were not *** ileum digesta moisture values were higher for birds fed SBM when compared to those fed *** results demonstrate that combining SBM with CPC,FM,PCM,or CGM improves poult performance during the first 14 d of

关键词： Soybean meal Corn gluten meal Canola meal Fish meal Porcine meal Turkeys

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